As the result of ongoing studies of the fern flora of Colombia, we here present 14 taxa of the scaly tree ferns (Cyatheaceae) that are either new to science (Cyathea andaquiensis, C. callejasii, C. cardenasii, C. catenata, C. coloradoana, C. kessleriana, C. pacis, C. pholidota, C. rengifoi, C. rodriguezii, C. tejedoris, C. toroi) or newly recognized (Cyathea boconensis). For Alsophila crassa, the new name C. clandestina is chosen and an updated description is given.

We present a taxonomic revision of Cyathea, clade Hymenophyllopsis, a monophyletic group restricted to the tepuis of the Guiana Shield, a region in northern South America. We recognize fifteen species, including four newly described here: C. indefinita, C. minima, C. pseudoctenitoides, and C. tatei. The main diagnostic characters for the species are: rhizome (symmetry and scales), lamina division (pinnatisect to 5-pinnate), pinnae (congested or sparse, recurverd to ascending), scales and/or hairs of the rachis (shape, size, margins), as well as the shape and margin of the indusium (bivalvate or cyatheoid, entire to deeply lacerate). An identification key, descriptions, taxonomic comments, illustrations, and geographical distribution maps for all recognized taxa are provided.