There are three genera of fleas that are specific ectoparasites of the North American pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae): Spicata I. Fox, 1940, Dactylopsylla Jordan, 1929, and Foxella Wagner, 1929. All belong to the subfamily Dactylopsyllinae (Ceratophyllidae) and are restricted to the Nearctic Region of North and Central America. Seven species of Dactylopsylla Jordan, 1929, and the 14 named taxa of Foxella Wagner, 1929 are reviewed here with respect to their taxonomic affinities, distribution and host preferences. Dactylopsylla bluei psilos Prince and Stark, 1951, is a new synonym of Dactylopsylla bluei (C. Fox, 1909). Foxella (Afoxella) macgregori Barrera, 1953, is synonymized with Foxella (Afoxella) mexicana I. Fox, 1939. The remaining taxa are each briefly discussed with respect to their type data, nomenclatural history and non-genitalic characters. The following 11 names are new synonyms of Foxella (Foxella) ignota (Baker, 1895) and are not accorded subspecies status as done by previous authors: Ceratophyllus franciscanus Rothschild, 1910; Ceratophyllus apachinus C. Fox, 1914; Foxella ignotus acutus Stewart, 1940; Ceratophyllus ignotus albertensis Jordan and Rothschild, 1915; Ceratophyllus ignotus recula Jordan and Rothschild, 1915; Foxella ignotus [sic] utahensis Wagner, 1936; Foxella ignota coufferi Augustson, 1942; Foxella ignota omissa Prince, 1945; Foxella utahensis arizonensis Hubbard, 1947; Foxella ignota clantoni Hubbard, 1949; and Foxella ignota chapmani Hubbard, 1958. Keys to the genera, subgenera and species are presented and the entire assemblage is reviewed with respect to the distribution of the various taxa and their host preferences. The genus-group name Foxelloides Hubbard, 1943b, is noted as a synonym of Spica

We report an isolated right lacrimal of a tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur, probably from the Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian) Judith River Formation of Fergus County, Montana. The lacrimal was originally associated with the holotype of the giant crocodylian Deinosuchus rugosus, but was later identified as that of a tyrannosaurid. It is of comparable size to the corresponding element in the gigantic Maastrichtian tyrannosaurid Tyrannosaurus. Moreover, comparison of the lacrimal to those of other tyrannosaurids tentatively supports its referral to this genus. Consequently, provided that its stratigraphic provenance has been correctly identified, the specimen represents the oldest-known North American record of a Tyrannosaurus-sized tyrannosaurid, and possibly the most ancient occurrence of this genus yet documented.

Recently discovered fossil material from the late Arikareean of western Nebraska is referable to a new genus and species of castorid, Priusaulax browni. This species is the earliest record of a castoroidine beaver in North America. The skull possesses a combination of derived castoroidine features (divergent tooth rows, loss of stapedial foramen, premolars larger than molars, grooved palate) and primitive agnotocastorine features (elongated rostrum, procumbent incisors, contact between lachrymal and jugal bones). Morphologically and temporally, Priusaulax is transitional between the earlier agnotocastorines with more primitive characters and the later castoroidines with more derived characters.

The flea subgenus Neornipsyllus Smit, 1976, is revised and diagnostic criteria provided for it and the two other subgenera of Dasypsyllus Baker, 1905. A new species, Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) lewisi, is described from a male (female unknown) collected from Thomasomys sp. (Rodentia: Muridae) in Piura Department, Peru. The male of Dasypsyllus (N.) araucanus (Jordan and Rothschild, 1920) is described for the first time and the species is first documented in Neuquén and Río Negro Provinces, Argentina. New country records are noted for Dasypsyllus (N.) comatus Jordan, 1933, from Diego Ramírez Archipelago, Chile and Dasypsyllus (N.) cteniopus (Jordan and Rothschild 1920) from Neuquén and Río Negro Provinces, Argentina. Dasypsyllus (N.) aemulus Jordan, 1933, is considered a junior synonym of Dasypsyllus (N.) stejnegeri (Jordan, 1929). A key to the Nearctic and Neotropical species of Dasypsyllus is provided. Dasypsyllus currently contains eleven valid taxa (two of subgenus Avesopsylla I. Fox and Anduze, 1947, three of subgenus Dasypsyllus, and six of subgenus Neornipsyllus).