A taxonomic revision of the Mexican genus Bakerantha L. B. Sm. is here presented. Each species entry includes full nomenclature, a morphological description, distributional and phenological data, a discussion of affinities, illustrations, and a conservation assessment according to IUCN criteria. An artificial key is also included to identify live as well as herbarium specimens of all taxa.

Se presenta una revisión taxonómica para el género mexicano Bakerantha L. B. Sm. Para cada especie se incluye información nomenclatural, una descripción morfológica, datos de distribución geográfica y fenología, una discusión de afinidades, ilustraciones y una evaluación de su estado de conservación según criterios de la UICN. Se incluye una clave artificial que permite identificar material vivo y herborizado de las especies.

This paper summarizes the present knowledge of the genus Orthosia Decne., based on the study of herbarium material, type specimens, digital images, field observations, and Sanger sequencing of 101 accessions for six chloroplast markers. The results of these analyses encourage a rather narrow species circumscription in most cases. A total of 55 species are recognized, nine of which are new to science. Additionally, incomplete material from some remote areas points to the existence of a handful of yet undescribed species. For some species, morphological and molecular results are incongruent, also indicating the need for future studies. All accepted species are described and illustrated, and their distributions are provided. Nine species and two subspecies are newly described, 13 new combinations and two new synonyms are proposed, and 12 names are lectotypified and one is neotypified.

This work presents the first comprehensive revision of Iranian Rorida J. F. Gmel. based on extensive field surveys, herbarium visits, literature review, and micromorphological investigations. Our taxonomic assessment shows that these taxa can be delimited from each other by a combination of habit, leaf size and morphology, indumentum type, details of floral structure, fruit shape and size, and seed color. We recognize five species of Rorida for the flora of Iran and propose two new combinations: R. dolichostyla (Jafri) Khorasani & Naqinezhad and R. fimbriata (Vicary) Khorasani & Naqinezhad. Moreover, two new records of Rorida for the flora are reported, R. tomentella (Popov) Thulin & Roalson and R. droserifolia (Forssk.) Thulin & Roalson. An identification key to all Iranian Rorida, nomenclature, and comprehensive descriptions are provided for each species, along with notes on taxonomy and ecology (phytogeography, habitat, and conservation status), illustrations, and distribution maps.

The genus Bidens L. is the largest genus of the Coreopsideae that comprises about 280 species with a global distribution in tropical and temperate climates. An account of the 12 species and three varieties of Bidens occurring in Bolivia is provided, i.e., B. andicola Kunth var. andicola, B. andicola var. heterophylla Kuntze, B. aurea (Aiton) Sherff, B. cynapiifolia Kunth, B. exigua Sherff, B. gardneri Baker, B. herzogii (Sherff) D. J. N. Hind, B. mandonii (Sherff) Cabrera, B. pilosa L., B. pseudocosmos Sherff, B. squarrosa Kunth, B. subalternans DC. var. subalternans, B. subalternans var. simulans Sherff, B. tenera O. E. Schulz, and B. triplinervia Kunth var. macrantha (Wedd.) Sherff. The following three taxa are placed in synonymy: B. buchtienii Sherff is synonymized under B. andicola var. heterophylla; and B. andicola var. tarijensis Sherff and B. andicola f. dissecta Sherff under B. triplinervia var. macrantha. Diodonta coronata (L.) Nutt. is selected as the generitype of Diodonta Nutt. (= Bidens), and 23 lectotypes are designated: one for B. andicola, one for B. andicola var. heterophylla, one for B. gardneri, nine for names applicable to B. pilosa, one for B. pseudocosmos, five for names applicable to B. squarrosa, one for a name applicable to B. tenera, five for names applicable to B. triplinervia var. macrantha; and an epitype is proposed for the name B. odorata Cav. Four taxa are excluded from Bolivia, i.e., B. bipinnata L., B. reptans (L.) G. Don, B. rubifolia Kunth, and B. grandiflora Balb. var. longiloba Kuntze for which specimens have not been traced that confirmed their occurrence in Bolivia. Bidens subalternans var. simulans and B. aurea are reported for the first time from Bolivia. Descriptions, distribution maps, identification key, illustrations, and local vernacular names of all taxa are provided.

This paper provides a monograph of the petiolatum clade of Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm. sect. Lepidoglossa Christ (Dryopteridaceae). This group has been recovered as monophyletic in several molecular phylogenetic analyses. Morphologically, the petiolatum clade is recognized by laminae with resinous dots and flat and/or stellate scales, rhizome scales with acute to filiform-tortuous apices, scales on the proximal portion of the petiole with dark apices, and perines broadly folded, sparsely echinulate with spines less than 1 µm high, or (in E. petiolatum (Sw.) Urb.) with sparse irregular microstructures. Eight species are recognized as a part of the clade, all of them distributed in the American tropics from Mexico to Panama, and one species in the Greater Antilles. Most of the species occur between 1000 and 2500 m elevation in tropical, temperate, and pine-oak forests. Presented here are an identification key, a full synonymy, detailed descriptions, a list of specimens examined, an index to collectors' names and collection numbers, images of the plants and their main structures, spore microphotographs, and distribution maps for all species. A new combination is made for E. schmitzii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Martínez-Bec. & A. Vasco, and lectotypes are designated for Acrostichum intermedium Fée, E. muelleri (E. Fourn.) C. Chr., E. potosianum Christ, E. pringlei (Davenp.) C. Chr., and E. schmitzii.

Este artículo proporciona una monografía del clado petiolatum de Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm. secc. Lepidoglossa Christ (Dryopteridaceae). Este grupo ha sido recuperado como monofilético en diferentes análisis filogenéticos moleculares. El clado petiolatum se reconoce morfológicamente por la presencia de puntos resinosos y escamas planas y/o estrelladas en las láminas foliares, escamas del rizoma con ápices agudos a filiforme-tortuosos, escamas de la porción proximal del pecíolo con ápices oscuros, y perinas con pliegues amplios y superficies escasamente equinuladas con espinas de menos de 1 µm de alto, o (en E. petiolatum (Sw.) Urb.) con microestructuras irregulares escasas. Dentro de este clado se reconocen ocho especies, todas distribuidas en los trópicos americanos desde México hasta Panamá, y una especie en las Antillas Mayores. La mayoría de las especies del clado se encuentra entre 1000 y 2500 m de elevación en bosques tropicales, templados, y de pino-encino. Se presenta una clave de identificación, una sinonimia completa, descripciones detalladas, una lista de especímenes examinados, un índice de los apellidos de los colectores y los números de colección, imágenes de las plantas y sus principales estructuras, microfotografías de esporas, y mapas de distribución para todas las especies. Se lleva a cabo una nueva combinación para E. schmitzii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Martínez-Bec. & A. Vasco y se designan lectotipos para Acrostichum intermedium Fée, E. muelleri (E. Fourn.) C. Chr., E. potosianum Christ, E. pringlei (Davenp.) C. Chr., y E. schmitzii.

Gamochaeta Wedd. (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) is a New World genus with a center of diversity in South America. The genus is characterized by capitula usually arranged in spikes or headlike clusters; pistillate florets outnumbering the bisexual florets; truncate style branches with apical sweeping trichomes; pappus bristles connate at the base into a ring that falls as a unit; and achenes with usually globose twin trichomes. We present here the first morphometric analysis of this genus. Based upon these results, 53 species are recognized, and two are newly synonymized: G. neuquensis Cabrera under the name G. chamissonis (DC.) Cabrera, and G. impatiens G. L. Nesom under the name G. americana (Mill.) Wedd. A lectotype is newly designated for Gnaphalium spiciforme Sch. Bip. The occurrence in southern Argentina of Gamochaeta procumbens (Phil.) Cabrera is reported for the first time, and G. standleyi (Steyerm.) G. L. Nesom is new for Colombia. One species, Gamochaeta thouarsii (Spreng.) Anderb., is treated as dubious. A key to the species is provided, as well as morphological descriptions, synonymy, distribution and habitat information, distinguishing characters, taxonomic affinities, distribution maps, illustrations of the species, and additional material examined.