A new dictynid species of the genus Thallumetus Simon, 1893 with a highly modified male palpal patella and tibia, combined with a unique shape to the epigyne, is described from Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean: Thallumetus ascensionensis sp. nov. The new species represents the first report of of the family Dictynidae from Ascension and also the first Old World record of Thallumetus. The northernmost and southernmost limits of the family are briefly discussed.

Two new species of Zodariellum Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1968 (Araneae: Zodariidae) are described on the basis of male holotypes collected in Central Asia: Z. doroshkini sp. n. from Gorno-Badakhshan in eastern Tajikistan, and Z. kattakum sp. n. from Surxondaryo in southeastern Uzbekistan. Additionally, Z. turanicum Zamani & Marusik, 2022 is recorded from Uzbekistan for the first time, and new distribution records are provided for Z. bactrianum (Kroneberg, 1875) and Z. mongolicum Marusik & Koponen, 2001. Detailed descriptions, figures, diagnoses, distribution maps and photographs of habitats of the studied species are provided.

A new Brazilian genus of curtain-web spiders, family Dipluridae Simon, 1889, Harpathele gen. nov., is described, with Harpathele gymnognatha comb. nov. (Bertkau, 1880) (Rio de Janeiro state) as its type species. The new genus is a lyrate Diplurinae and it is known only from southeast Brazil. It may be recognized by the relatively small body, maxilla with dorsal transverse suture showing distinct curve at its basal third, a field of numerous long and thin setae above that suture, and a field of small rigid bristles below it, among other characters. Harpathele gymnognatha comb. nov. (Bertkau, 1880) is revalidated and redescribed, with the designation of a neotype and the first description of a male, based on specimens collected in its type locality that match the original description and illustrations, and is pointed as senior synonym of Diplura annectens (Bertkau, 1880). Additionally, two species of the new genus are described: Harpathele cariacica sp. nov., based on females from Espírito Santo state, and Harpathele salinas sp. nov., based on males from Rio de Janeiro state.

A survey of 21 species of Salticidae newly collected from the Bidoup–Nui Ba National Park (Da Lat Plateau, south-eastern Vietnam) is presented. Eleven species are described as new: Bindax dalat sp. n. (♀), Eupoa parva sp. n. (♂♀), Hasarius dalatensis sp. n. (♂♀), Indopadilla abramovi sp. n. (♂), Maileus obscurus sp. n. (♀), Orcevia bidoup sp. n. (♂♀), Pancorius inexpectatus sp. n. (♂♀), Phintelloides rarus sp. n. (♂), Synagelides nuiba sp. n. (♂♀), Thiania subtilis sp. n. (♂♀), and Toxeus pseudohainan sp. n. (♂). Three species—Irura pengi Guo, Zhang & Zhu, 2011, Ptocasius paraweyersi Cao & Li, 2016 and Toxeus hainan Wang & Li, 2022—are recorded from Vietnam for the first time. Three new synonyms are established: Plexippus pocockii Thorell, 1895 syn. n. and Burmattus sinicus Prószyński, 1992 syn. n. with Plexippus albo-punctatus Thorell, 1895; and Pellenes gerensis Hu, 2001 syn. n. with Burmattus nitidus (Hu, 2001).

Five new species of the genus Heteropoda from Southeast Asia are described: H. asa spec. nov. (Indonesia: Kalimantan; male), H. dede spec. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah; female), H. josephkohi spec. nov. (Brunei: Temburong; male, female), H. saracenoi spec. nov. (Indonesia: Flores; male, female), and H. singaporensis spec. nov. (Singapore; male, female). Most of them exhibit special palpal features like embolic apophyses or outgrowths, conductor apophyses, additional RTA branches or, in one case, a unique opisthosomal shape.

Prosoponoides shaanxi sp. n. is described, based on a single male from high altitude in the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China. The species is similar to both Oriental Prosoponoides hamatum Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 and P. sinense (Chen, 1991), but it can easily be distinguished by structural details of the palp. Prosoponoides shaanxi sp. n. is the first species of the genus reported from the Palaearctic Region.

The unknown male of Echemus escalerai Simon, 1909 from Morocco is described for the first time, and the epigyne and vulva are illustrated for the first time. The position of the species in the genus Echemus Simon, 1878 is discussed. Cryptodrassus helvolus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), previously known from Cyprus, Russia (Northern Ciscaspia), and Israel, is reported for the first time in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.

Inbreeding avoidance via polyandry is a common response to combat inbreeding depression across multiple taxa, but has never been investigated in the Halonoproctidae. With a member of this family, the trapdoor spider Bothriocyrtum californicum (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874), Ramirez et al. (2013) found no evidence for inbreeding in several southern California populations, but did not examine polyandry. Hence, in this study, we determined the extent of multiple paternity in broods of B. californicum. To do so, we gathered broods and mothers from two sites in Los Angeles, CA, and then genotyped each mother and up to 50 spiderlings for variation at the phosphoglucomutase locus. Among nine sets of broods, six showed significant deviations from the Mendelian genotype ratios expected under the hypothesis of single paternity. This indicates that B. californicum females sometimes mate with multiple male partners. This is certainly an adaptive feature for a low-dispersal trapdoor spider residing in island-like units where inbreeding may be more likely.

We present new records and species of running crab spiders (family Philodromidae) from Colombia representing four genera: Apollophanes O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898, Gephyrellula Strand, 1932, Petrichus Simon, 1886, and Tibelloides Mello-Leitão, 1939. The genus Gephyrellula is recorded based on the newly described G. lavidabonita sp. nov., known from females from the department of Magdalena, constituting the northernmost known locality for the genus, at Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. This new species can be differentiated from the (previously monotypic) type species G. violacea (Mello-Leitão, 1918), known from southeastern region of Brazil, by the longer than wide epiginal plates (wider than long in G. violacea), with narrower and shorter ducts of the glandular heads (thicker and longer in G. violacea), and by their more posteriorly placed fertilization ducts. The genus Apollophanes is here firstly recorded from males and females of A. punctipes (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891) from the Atlántico, Magdalena, Cesar, Cundinamarca, and Boyacá departments. Tibelloides is recorded from males and females of T. bryantae (Gertsch, 1933), from the departments of Magdalena and Meta, also representing northernmost known localities for the genus. Finally, new faunistic and taxonomic data is presented for Petrichus. Our examination of the holotype of Thanatus granadensis Keyserling, 1880 demonstrates this species is conspecific with more recently collected and better-preserved specimens of Petrichus griseus Berland, 1913, from the department of Santander. Therefore, we propose the new combination Petrichus granadensis comb. nov., regard P. griseus as its junior synonym syn. nov., and update knowledge of its distribution.

A new species of the genus Hibana Brescovit, 1991, previously known only from the Americas, is described from Ascension Island, based on both sexes: Hibana ascensionensis sp. nov. complemented with colour photographs of specimen habitus, male chelicera, and the copulatory organs of both sexes. Hitherto, the family Anyphaenidae Bertkau, 1878 had not been recorded from Ascension Island, nor any other mid-Atlantic island. The new species is related to, but distinct from, H. tenuis (L. Koch, 1866) and H. talmina Brescovit, 1991. The unusual indentation of male chelicerae in Hibana is documented and figured in detail for the first time.