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A new dictynid species of the genus ThallumetusSimon, 1893 with a highly modified male palpal patella and tibia, combined with a unique shape to the epigyne, is described from Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean: Thallumetus ascensionensissp. nov. The new species represents the first report of of the family Dictynidae from Ascension and also the first Old World record of Thallumetus. The northernmost and southernmost limits of the family are briefly discussed.
Two new species of ZodariellumAndreeva & Tyshchenko, 1968 (Araneae: Zodariidae) are described on the basis of male holotypes collected in Central Asia: Z. doroshkinisp. n. from Gorno-Badakhshan in eastern Tajikistan, and Z. kattakumsp. n. from Surxondaryo in southeastern Uzbekistan. Additionally, Z. turanicum Zamani & Marusik, 2022 is recorded from Uzbekistan for the first time, and new distribution records are provided for Z. bactrianum (Kroneberg, 1875) and Z. mongolicumMarusik & Koponen, 2001. Detailed descriptions, figures, diagnoses, distribution maps and photographs of habitats of the studied species are provided.
A new Brazilian genus of curtain-web spiders, family Dipluridae Simon, 1889, Harpathelegen. nov., is described, with Harpathele gymnognathacomb. nov. (Bertkau, 1880) (Rio de Janeiro state) as its type species. The new genus is a lyrate Diplurinae and it is known only from southeast Brazil. It may be recognized by the relatively small body, maxilla with dorsal transverse suture showing distinct curve at its basal third, a field of numerous long and thin setae above that suture, and a field of small rigid bristles below it, among other characters. Harpathele gymnognathacomb. nov. (Bertkau, 1880) is revalidated and redescribed, with the designation of a neotype and the first description of a male, based on specimens collected in its type locality that match the original description and illustrations, and is pointed as senior synonym of Diplura annectens (Bertkau, 1880). Additionally, two species of the new genus are described: Harpathele cariacicasp. nov., based on females from Espírito Santo state, and Harpathele salinassp. nov., based on males from Rio de Janeiro state.
A survey of 21 species of Salticidae newly collected from the Bidoup–Nui Ba National Park (Da Lat Plateau, south-eastern Vietnam) is presented. Eleven species are described as new: Bindax dalatsp. n. (♀), Eupoa parvasp. n. (♂♀), Hasarius dalatensissp. n. (♂♀), Indopadilla abramovisp. n. (♂), Maileus obscurussp. n. (♀), Orcevia bidoupsp. n. (♂♀), Pancorius inexpectatussp. n. (♂♀), Phintelloides rarussp. n. (♂), Synagelides nuibasp. n. (♂♀), Thiania subtilissp. n. (♂♀), and Toxeus pseudohainansp. n. (♂). Three species—Irura pengiGuo, Zhang & Zhu, 2011, Ptocasius paraweyersiCao & Li, 2016 and Toxeus hainan Wang & Li, 2022—are recorded from Vietnam for the first time. Three new synonyms are established: Plexippus pocockii Thorell, 1895 syn. n. and Burmattus sinicus Prószyński, 1992 syn. n. with Plexippus albo-punctatus Thorell, 1895; and Pellenes gerensisHu, 2001syn. n. with Burmattus nitidus (Hu, 2001).
Five new species of the genus Heteropoda from Southeast Asia are described: H. asaspec. nov. (Indonesia: Kalimantan; male), H. dedespec. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah; female), H. josephkohispec. nov. (Brunei: Temburong; male, female), H. saracenoispec. nov. (Indonesia: Flores; male, female), and H. singaporensisspec. nov. (Singapore; male, female). Most of them exhibit special palpal features like embolic apophyses or outgrowths, conductor apophyses, additional RTA branches or, in one case, a unique opisthosomal shape.
Prosoponoides shaanxisp. n. is described, based on a single male from high altitude in the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China. The species is similar to both Oriental Prosoponoides hamatumMillidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 and P. sinense (Chen, 1991), but it can easily be distinguished by structural details of the palp. Prosoponoides shaanxisp. n. is the first species of the genus reported from the Palaearctic Region.
The unknown male of Echemus escaleraiSimon, 1909 from Morocco is described for the first time, and the epigyne and vulva are illustrated for the first time. The position of the species in the genus EchemusSimon, 1878 is discussed. Cryptodrassus helvolus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), previously known from Cyprus, Russia (Northern Ciscaspia), and Israel, is reported for the first time in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.
Inbreeding avoidance via polyandry is a common response to combat inbreeding depression across multiple taxa, but has never been investigated in the Halonoproctidae. With a member of this family, the trapdoor spider Bothriocyrtum californicum (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874), Ramirez et al. (2013) found no evidence for inbreeding in several southern California populations, but did not examine polyandry. Hence, in this study, we determined the extent of multiple paternity in broods of B. californicum. To do so, we gathered broods and mothers from two sites in Los Angeles, CA, and then genotyped each mother and up to 50 spiderlings for variation at the phosphoglucomutase locus. Among nine sets of broods, six showed significant deviations from the Mendelian genotype ratios expected under the hypothesis of single paternity. This indicates that B. californicum females sometimes mate with multiple male partners. This is certainly an adaptive feature for a low-dispersal trapdoor spider residing in island-like units where inbreeding may be more likely.
We present new records and species of running crab spiders (family Philodromidae) from Colombia representing four genera: Apollophanes O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898, GephyrellulaStrand, 1932, PetrichusSimon, 1886, and Tibelloides Mello-Leitão, 1939. The genus Gephyrellula is recorded based on the newly described G. lavidabonitasp. nov., known from females from the department of Magdalena, constituting the northernmost known locality for the genus, at Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. This new species can be differentiated from the (previously monotypic) type species G. violacea (Mello-Leitão, 1918), known from southeastern region of Brazil, by the longer than wide epiginal plates (wider than long in G. violacea), with narrower and shorter ducts of the glandular heads (thicker and longer in G. violacea), and by their more posteriorly placed fertilization ducts. The genus Apollophanes is here firstly recorded from males and females of A. punctipes (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891) from the Atlántico, Magdalena, Cesar, Cundinamarca, and Boyacá departments. Tibelloides is recorded from males and females of T. bryantae (Gertsch, 1933), from the departments of Magdalena and Meta, also representing northernmost known localities for the genus. Finally, new faunistic and taxonomic data is presented for Petrichus. Our examination of the holotype of Thanatus granadensisKeyserling, 1880 demonstrates this species is conspecific with more recently collected and better-preserved specimens of Petrichus griseusBerland, 1913, from the department of Santander. Therefore, we propose the new combination Petrichus granadensiscomb. nov., regard P. griseus as its junior synonym syn. nov., and update knowledge of its distribution.
A new species of the genus HibanaBrescovit, 1991, previously known only from the Americas, is described from Ascension Island, based on both sexes: Hibana ascensionensissp. nov. complemented with colour photographs of specimen habitus, male chelicera, and the copulatory organs of both sexes. Hitherto, the family Anyphaenidae Bertkau, 1878 had not been recorded from Ascension Island, nor any other mid-Atlantic island. The new species is related to, but distinct from, H. tenuis (L. Koch, 1866) and H. talminaBrescovit, 1991. The unusual indentation of male chelicerae in Hibana is documented and figured in detail for the first time.
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