Geranium sect. Gracilia (Geraniaceae) comprises nine species in the Andes of Venezuela and Colombia. Geranium lindenianum and G. gracilipes are synonymized with G. holosericeum. The identity of G. multiceps is clarified. Its differences from the two Colombian species, G. santanderiense and G. lainzii, are discussed. Geranium lignosum, G. sebosum, G. stoloniferum, G. subnudicaule, and G. velutinum are now considered to be members of sect. Gracilia. The identity of G. pilgerianum could not be clarified because the type was destroyed and other collections have not been found. Micromorphological leaf and seed characters are discussed. Six lectotypes and one neotype are designated.

Species of the anomalous-stemmed complex of Heteropterys are revised after intensive fieldwork in eastern Brazil. Heteropterys patens (=H. anomala) is redefined, and three new species are described (H. admirabilis, H. imperata, and H. nordestina). In addition, this treatment provides brief synonymy, lectotypifications, illustrations, and comments for those four species, and a key to all taxa of the complex.

Grindelia coronensis, a new species from the Meseta del Somuncura, Prov. Río Negro, Argentina, is described and illustrated. It is similar to G. chiloensis (Cornel.) Cabrera but it is readily distinguished by its leaves which are conspicuosly differentiated into a obovate blade and a long petiole.

Juncus effusus s. str. has two native representatives on the coast of western North America. A new combination is provided for Juncus effusus subsp. pacificus, ranging from California to British Columbia. Juncus effusus subsp. austrocalifornicus is newly described from southernmost California, Arizona, and Baja California, México. It differs from subsp. pacificus by its pale sheaths, with less thickened and less overlapping margins, and its disjunct distribution. A key is provided for the subspecies of J. effusus in North America.

A revision of the neotropical genus Paragynoxys of the Asteraceae (tribe Senecioneae) is presented. This group is a distinct entity characterized by a pachycaulous arborescent habit, homogamous discoid capitula, the presence of white corollas with limbs divided to the base, sagittate anthers, and style branches with enlarged conical tips. In the present treatment, 12 species are accepted. Descriptions of the genus and species, a key to species, synonyms, a new combination (Paracalia lopezii, based on Paragynoxys lopezii), and distribution data are presented.

A new species of Oryctina (Loranthaceae) from Guyana, O. atrolineata Kuijt is described and illustrated. It possesses one-flowered inflorescences, the flowers being hexamerous and each subtended by a bract and two minute bracteoles. A peculiarity of the style is a distinctive fusiform, subterminal swelling. Oryctina atrolineata is closely related, and similar to, O. myrsinites (Eichler) Kuijt.

Paullinia fournieri, a new species from Costa Rica is described, illustrated, and its relationships to other species are discussed.

Agouticarpa, a new genus of the informal Alibertia group (Rubiaceae), is described and illustrated. It comprises six species, and occurs from Costa Rica to Bolivia. Three species are here described as new: Agouticarpa grandistipula, A. hirsuta, and A. velutina. Additionally, three new combinations are made: A. curvifolia and A. williamsii (previously in Genipa) and A. isernii (previously in Alibertia). Agouticarpa is characterized by being dioecious, having elliptic to obovate, membranaceous stipules, male flowers in a branched dichasial or thyrse-like inflorescence, a poorly developed cup-shaped calyx, pollen grains with 3–7 apertures, and large globose fruits.