The south-eastern Brazil comprises the Atlantic forest (a region mainly characterized by tropical evergreen forest), subtropical forest, mangroves, and scrub sandbanks. Sandy areas are found at sea level, and high altitude grassland spots and rocky outcrops occur above 2000 m. This region is important because the richness, diversity, and endemism of species, including bryophytes. The similarity of bryophytes occurring on these different areas has not been evaluated yet. This study aimed to analyse the bryofloristic similarity between 12 different areas in south-eastern Brazil, assessing the environmental factors that influence their distribution. Floristic similarity was analysed under cluster and Detrended Correspondence Analysis; multi-response permutation procedures were employed to test the groups' significance. In order to test whether the geographical distance between the areas is a relevant factor to test the similarity of the species, Spearman correlation analysis was performed, and to determine the relationship between the floristic composition and the environmental variables (altitude, temperature, annual rainfall and distance from the ocean), canonical correspondence analysis was applied. A low similarity between the 12 studied areas was observed, but two groups were revealed, the so-called inland areas and coastal areas. The annual precipitation and annual temperature influenced floristic similarity in the coastal areas and, the distance from the ocean and altitude were the variables that most influenced inland areas.

Current knowledge on the bryophyte flora of Peninsular and Balearic Spain has been highly improved in the past decades, yielding to a still evolving list of 1143 taxa (862 mosses, 5 hornworts, 276 liverworts). Despite its low endemicity (a scarce 0.5% of the bryophyte flora), the Spanish enrolment, both by researchers and by administration, is key in bryophyte conservation science and protection, since it hosts over 40 species that are exclusive or extremely rare both at a European scale and worldwide. The state of bryophyte conservation in Peninsular and Balearic Spain is discussed through comparison of the three national Red Lists already published (1994, 1996, 2014) with the legal protection lists at different scales (European, national and regional). There are 271 threatened species according the current Peninsular and Balearic Spanish Red List. They represent the 24% of the Bryophyte flora, while in the first Red List published in 1994 they were only the 10%. Only 79 taxa are listed in all existing national and regional catalogues. In other words, only 29% of all 271 threatened bryophyte taxa are under certain level of protection in Balearic and Peninsular Spain.

Cephaloziella hampeana (Nees) Schiffn. ex Loeske is recorded for the first time in South America. This record considerably extends the distributional range of C. hampeana and raises the question on the role that high mountain environments play in dispersing species along the continent. The morphological differences of C. hampeana with its purportedly allied species are discussed. Additionally, its disjunct distributional pattern is briefly compared with those of other liverworts. Photomicrographs and a distributional map are provided.

The genus Fossombronia Raddi in the Russian Far East is reviewed based on herbarium specimens mostly of recent collections. Three species are recognized (F. alaskana Steere & Inoue, F. pusilla (L.) Nees and F. japonica Schiffn.). The descriptions and illustrations based on studied specimens are provided along with the identification key of Fossombronia in the Russian Far East. F. japonica is recorded for the first time in Russia and F. pusilla is the only recent confirmed record of the species in Russia.

This paper presents new distributional records of five Chinese species of Neckera Hedw.: N. bhutanensis Nog. (new to Sichuan and Yunnan), N. borealis Nog. (new to Xinjiang), N. himalayana Mitt. (Yunnan, new to China), N. setschwanica Broth. (new to Bhutan), and N. xizangensis Enroth (new to Sichuan and Yunnan, the first reports of the species since type material from Xizang). Maps showing the distributions of the treated species in China and an updated key to the Chinese species of Neckera sensu lato are provided.

Astomum japonicum G. Roth is a cleistocarpous moss species but its taxonomic placement remains uncertain because the type material has not been re-examined since being described in 1911. We have examined type specimens and selected the specimen in PC as the lectotype. Based on a morphological study of the type material, we also propose the transfer of the species to the genus Weissia Hedw.: W. japonica (G. Roth) Y. Inoue & H. Tsubota comb. nov. Taxonomic notes on W. japonica and a key to the cleistocarpous species of Weissia in Japan are also provided.

Stephaniellaceae (R.M. Schust.) R.M. Schust. is a small family that occurs in the high elevations of the Americas, from Mexico to northern South America and South Africa. This taxonomic revision is based on the examination of herbarium specimens from various parts of its range, and field work in Mexican localities. The taxonomic treatment provides a re-description and illustration of the family, its genera and species, and a taxonomic key based on gametophytic characters. Five species in two genera (Stephaniella and Stephaniellidium) are recognized. Stephaniella is characterized by hyaline leaves, abundant paraphyllia, and sporophyte developed within the perianth. Stephaniellidium is characterized by chlorophyllose leaves, scarce paraphyllia, and sporophyte developed within a marsupium.