As a result of several collecting trips to Madagascar in cooperation with the Parc Botanique de Tsimbazaza (Antananarivo, Madagascar) and the Missouri Botanical Gardens, five species new to science are described: Cheilolejeunea renigastria sp. nov., Cololejeunea translucens sp. nov., Drepanolejeunea tubana sp. nov., Lejeunea mamilliflora sp. nov. and Lejeunea tubulirostris sp. nov. Former Lejeunea alata var. patriciae is given species rank under the name of Lejeunea geisslerae nom. et stat. nov.