Coprophilous fungus, Panaeolus antillarum rarely recorded in Europe, is reported here for the first time from the Augustów Plane, north-eastern Poland. This thermophilic species was found outdoors in August on horse dung mixed with straw. A chemical analysis did not confirm the presence of the psychoactive alkaloids in collected material. A complete description and illustration of the species based on Polish specimens are presented and notes on its taxonomy, ecology, world distribution and comparison with similar taxa — P. semiovatus var. semiovatus, P. semiovatus var. phalaenarum, and others are also provided.

This paper explores the interesting diversity within the group of “smooth chanterelles” and introduces several new taxa from the tropics: C. sublaevis Buyck & Eyssart. and C. cibarioides (Heinem.) Buyck comb. nov. from Africa, C. eccentricus Buyck & V. Hofstetter and C. neocaledonicus Buyck, V. Hofstetter, Eyssart. & Ducousso from New Caledonia and C. incrassatus Buyck & V. Hofstetter from Malaysia.

A new species of Eriosporella, E. bambusicola, is described from bamboo in Northern Thailand. Eriosporella is monotypic genus of coelomycetous fungi known from palms and bamboo and characterized by hyaline conidia which have a short basal cell and three slender divergent apical arms. Maximum-likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses of combined LSU and SSU rDNA sequence data set show E. bambusicola to belong to the Capnodiales where it forms a cluster with Pseudoramichloridium. Its relationships with other genera are unresolved and therefore considered as Capnodiales incertae sedis. The tree needs to be better populated with sequence data from more related species to clarify the familial placement of this genus.

Two hundred and seven lichen species are newly reported from Sri Lanka, eight of which were previously thought to be endemic in India; 91 species are new to the Indian subcontinent, and four to Asia, and three are described here as new to science: Astrothelium nitidulum which has 7-septate ascospores with diamond-shaped lumina, mostly simple ascomata in shiny olive pseudostromata and an inspersed hamathecium; Heterodermia queensberryi which is similar to Heterodermia propagulifera but with a corona of lobules around the apothecia; and Malmidea papillosa, which is similar to Malmidea granifera but has regular warts and lacks medulla in the excipulum.

A new coelomycetous genus, Pustulomyces, inhabiting decaying bamboo, is introduced based on morpho-molecular studies. Pustulomyces is characterized by immersed, pustule-like, acervular conidiomata, with dark ostiolar necks, enteroblastic, phialidic conidiogenous cells with a small collarette and fusiform, sigmoid, aseptate, guttulate conidia. In morphology it is similar with Bambusicola (Bambusicolaceae), but maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the combined LSU and TEF-1 alpha sequence data set shows Pustulomyces belongs in Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales. The new fungus is compared with other morphologically and phylogenetically similar genera.

During the revision of the Neotropical Fomitiporia species, a collection from French Guiana was found to represent an undescribed species, on the basis of both morphological and molecular (DNA sequence) data. This taxon is described and illustrated as Fomitiporia expansa sp. nov. It is characterized by widely effused basidiomata, extending over 1 m long, with a variable greyish to light brownish grey pore surface, and microscopically in having basidiospores averaging 6.0 × 5.5 µm. It is known for the time being from a single specimen originating in the western edge of French Guiana, in rainforest. The species belongs to the Fomitiporia langloisii lineage. This lineage contains for the time being species with resupinate basidiomata spanning over the Neotropics.

Two new Hyphodontia species, H. pseudotropica and H. rhizomorpha spp. nov., are described based on morphological and molecular characters. Hyphodontia pseudotropica is characterized by poroid hymenophore with buff to buff-yellow pore surface, a monomitic hyphal system with thick-walled, frequently branched generative hyphae and oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores, and plenty of bladder-like cystidia. Hyphodontia rhizomorpha is distinguished by poroid hymenophores when juvenile, cracked with age; white pore surface, larger pores (1–2 per mm), bearing white rhizomorphs, a monomitic hyphal system with encrusted generative hyphae, and ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (4.3–5.5 × 3.7–4.1 µm). Both morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis inferred from ITS sequences confirmed the placement of the two new species in Hyphodontia s.l. and showed its relationships with similar species in the genus.