Cytospora palm sp. nov. is described on Cotinus coggygria (Anacardiaceae) in China, on the basis of both morphological and DNA sequence data (ITS and tef1-α). The species is involved in canker disease of C. coggygria. Its key diagnostic characters are gregarious, circular, erumpent conidiomata, locules of a rosette cytosporoid type, with invaginations and 7–10 irregularly disposed chambers sharing common walls, emerging beaks, and conidia 4-4.7 × 1-1.5 µm. The optimum temperature for growth and sporulation is approximately 32°C.

Climacocystis was a monotypic genus typified by C. borealis. During a continuous survey of poroid basidiomycetes over China, several specimens of a Climacocystis species were collected at high elevations in southwestern China. They deviated from the type species, C. borealis in several microscopic features, including larger and ellipsoid to subcilindrical basidiospores (6-8.8 × 3-4.2 µm versus 5-6.8 × 3.2-4 µm), smooth cystidia (incrusted in C. borealis) and regularly arranged contextual hyphae (interwoven in the type species). Furthermore, phylogenetic inferences based on a combined dataset of ITS, nLSU-rDNA and EF1α regions revealed that our specimens and specimens of C. borealis formed two distinct lineages. We therefore concluded that our chinese collections represent a new species, described below as Climacocystis montana sp. nov. Illustrated descriptions of the two Climacocystis species are provided.

The new lichen species Graphis obtectostriata is described from Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. It is characterized by lirellae that are almost totally covered by thallus, but are striate underneath, and long, transversely septate ascospores. All species so far known with similar ascomata, the so-called consanguinea-morph, have muriform ascospores.

More than 1,000 species of bambusicolous fungi have been reported worldwide, although most lack modern morphological description and phylogenetic investigation. Two species of bambusicolous fungi were collected in northern Thailand. Based on morphological characters, and on a comparison with type specimens, they were determined to be Pteridiospora javanica and Roussoellopsis macrospora. In a multigene phylogenetic analysis Pteridiospora javanica formed a sister clade with Astrosphaeriella stellata, while Roussoellopsis macrospora clustered with R. tosaensis in Roussoellaceae. Because the current placement of Astrosphaeriella in Dothideomycetes cannot presently be resolved, the family placement of Pteridiospora javanica is also unresolved. Based on morphology and phylogeny we epitypify our strains under the names Pteridiospora javanica and Roussoellopsis macrospora. Asexual states are also described for both species.

Species of Dothiorella are common plant pathogens or saprobes found mainly on a variety of woody hosts, with a cosmopolitan distribution. Strains of Dothiorella were isolated from the stems of Symphoricarpos sp. and Cornus sanguinea in Italy. Morphological characters, as well as phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS4, ITS5) and partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-α genes were used to characterize and distinguish the two isolates. One is conspecific to D. sarmentorum previously from Menispermum canadense collected in Sweden, and a description for this species is provided. The second species could not be assigned to any known species of Dothiorella. Dothiorella symphoricarposicola sp. nov. from Symphoricarpos is described and illustrated herein, and compared with similar Dothiorella taxa.

Three polypore specimens were collected from Hainan, southern China. They are described and illustrated here as a new species, Amylosporus succulentus, based on a combination of morphological characters and phylogenetic (ITS and nLSU sequences) data. It is characterized by poroid basidiocarps, both simple septate and clamped generative hyphae, hymenial hyphae without clamp connections, and finely asperulate and amyloid basidiospores. These characters are typical for Amylosporus. In the phylogenetic perspective, A. succulentus is closely related to A. campbellii, the generic type, and nested within the Wrightoporiaceae clade. A key to accepted species of Amylosporus worldwide is provided.

Cantharellus hygrophorus is described and illustrated from tropical Yunnan, China. It is characterized by its medium to large, fleshy fruitbodies, the deep orange-red color of pileus and part of the stipe, the yellow-orange hymenophore composed of well-developed gill folds, a pileipellis of suberect hyphal extremities and absence of clamps. These characters place it in Cantharellus subg. Afrocantharellus sect. Cutirellus as a look-alike of the tropical African C. splendens. Both morphological features as well as a phylogenetic analysis of nLSU sequences argue strongly against the recognition of Afrocantharellus as a separate genus, which is here considered a later synonym of Cantharellus.

After a short historical summary of the species in Russula subgenus Compacta subsection Nigricantes in the United States, the microscopic features of the type specimens of four taxa from North America are described and discussed: Russula decora, R. densifolia var. paxilloides, R. sordida and R. subsordida. Previous suggestions of possible synonymies with European taxa are rejected.