Phylloporia yuchengii is newly described and illustrated from alpine ecosystem, Western Tien Shan Mountains in the Tashkent Province of Uzbekistan. This species is distinguished from other Phylloporia species in a combination of hard corky consistency of basidiocarps with thick base (up to 3.5 cm) and azonate pileal surface, pores as 6–8 per mm, a monomitic hyphal system with regularly arranged, interwoven and subparallel generative hyphae, respectively, in context, tomentum and trama, and ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid and cyanophilous basidiospores (3.2-4 × 2.3-3 µm). In nLSU-based phylogeny, P. yuchengii nested within the Phylloporia clade and formed a distinct lineage with strong supports. The morphological differences between P. yuchengii and other related Phylloporia species in morphology and geography are discussed.

Dothideomycetes with muriform ascospores, were previously placed in family Pleosporaceae, but they are not a monophyletic group, and can be placed across a range of orders and families. In this study an interesting saprobic ascomycete was isolated from Clematis vitalba which was collected in Italy. The species has unique characters and we introduced the taxon as a new genus and species within Lentitheciaceae, The conclusions are drawn from morphology and, LSU, SSU, EF1-α and RPB2 combined sequence analyses. Maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Mr Bayes phylogenetic analysis all support this being a distinct genus within the Lentitheciaceae. It is distinguished from other genera of this family in having muriform ascospores whose central cells have longitudinal septa and light end cells, and ascomata with a thick peridium and a short neck. The new genus is compared with similar genera in the Lentitheciaceae and a comprehensive description, and micrographs are provided. The cultures were obtained via single ascospore isolation, and the asexual state was also established.

Vamsapriya comprises two species from bamboo and is characterized by erect, rigid, dark brown, synnematous conidiophores, monotretic conidiogenous cells and brown to dark brown, septate, conidia in chains. Vamsapriya indica, the generic type of Vamsapriya, was recollected and isolated from bamboo culms in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand and is described, illustrated and epitypified in this paper. Two new species in the genus were also discovered and are introduced as V. khunkonensis and V. bambusicola. The new species differs from the type and the other known species, V. mahabaleshwarensis, in the shape and size of the conidia. Maximum-parsimony (MP) analysis of combined LSU, SSU and RPB2 sequence data and Bayesian analysis based on multi-gene data set of betatubulin, ITS, LSU, and RPB2 show Vamsapriya belongs in Xylariaceae, Xylariales.

A new taxon of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Arrhenatherum and Dactylis was collected in Italy. Single ascospore isolates were obtained and formed asexual morphs in culture. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis was carried out using ITS, LSU nrDNA and EF1-α sequence data and the resulting phylogenetic tree showed that new species clustered in Botryosphaeriaceae together with Tiarosporella species with high bootstrap support. The new species is introduced as a sexual morph of Tiarosporella and detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided. A discussion of the asexual morphs of Tiarosporella is provided.

Cantharellus rubescens is described and illustrated as new species from the semiarid of Northeastern Brazil. It is recognized by orange-yellow basidiomes, hymenophore and contex with a strong reddening-orange reaction, scaly stipe, basidiospores measuring 6-7.5(-9) × 4-5(-5.5) µm and having thick-walled (1-1.5 µm), terminal elements in the pileipellis. Morphological differences with other, orange-yellow Brazilian Cantharellus species are discussed, such as C. aurantioconspicuus, C. guyanensis and C. protectus.

Dans cette première étude des russules du Burkina Faso, toute première contribution taxinomique s'intéressant aux russules de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, nous présentons ici, par ordre alphabétique, cinq russules de couleur plus ou moins brunâtre, dont quatre sont de nouvelles espèces pour la science: Russula fissurata sp. nov. dans la sous-sect. des Brunneodermatinae, R. oculata sp. nov. dans la sous-sect. Mamillatinae, R. sankarae sp. nov. dans la sous-sect. Aureotactinae, R. turpis sp. nov. dans la sous-sect. Aurantiomarginatinae, tandis que R. oleifera devient l'espèce type de la nouvelle sous-section des Oleiferinae de la sect. Ingratae.

We explored evolutionary relationships within the Lyophyllaceae by combining sequence data from six loci. The most likely phylogram led us to reconsider the Lyophyllaceae classification with the recognition of two new genera (Myochromella and Sagaranella) based on ecological and/or morphological distinctiveness. Lyophyllaceae are ecologically highly diversified and our phylogeny suggests that four to five ecological transitions from free-living to parasitic or mutualistic lifestyles have occurred within the family. Due to moderate phylogenetic support recovered for several relationships within that clade and due to the uncertainty about the ecological strategy adopted by five of the sampled species, three out of these transitions could be unequivocally reconstructed suggesting that saprotrophy is plesiomorphic for Lyophyllaceae. Significant differences in rates of molecular evolution were detected among taxa. These differences are not associated with ecological transitions throughout the Lyophyllaceae, however, within each of the major clades identified in the family, taxa of different ecological strategies show an overall tendency to evolve at different speeds at the molecular level.