Taxonomy of the Ceriporia purpurea group is revised based on morphological and DNA data. Neotype is selected to settle current species concept of C. purpurea s.str. Ceriporia bresadolae is reinstated as a good species, and four new species from subtropical and temperate forests of Europe (C. torpida, C. triumphalis) and North America (C. manzanitae, C. occidentalis) are described. In addition, diagnostic features of other redcolored Ceriporia species are discussed, including C. punicans, spec. nov.

A monotypic genus Donkioporiella is newly introduced for a new species D. mellea. Donkioporiella is characterized by perennial, resupinate and woody basidiocarps, trimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and broadly ellipsoid, pale yellowish to yellow, thick-walled, smooth, cyanophilous basidiospores. Morphologically, Donkioporia resembles Donkioporiella, but differs in its thin-walled and acyanophilous basidiospores. Donkioporia is composed of two rare species, viz. D. albidofusca and D. expansa; both species differ from Donkioporiella mellea in their larger pores and narrower basidiospores. The phylogenies inferred from nLSU and ITS datasets support that Donkioporiella mellea fell into the core clade of Polyporales and represented a distinct lineage. This lineage was most related with Donkioporia, but the weak statistical supports suggested it as a separate genus from Donkioporia.

Five new dematiaceous hyphomycetes isolated from decaying wood submerged in freshwater in northern Thailand are described. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU and RPB2 sequence data place these hitherto unidentified taxa close to Ascotaiwania and Bactrodesmiastrum. A robust clade containing a new combination Pseudoascotaiwania persoonii, Bactrodesmiastrum species, Plagiascoma frondosum and three new species, are introduced in the new order Fuscosporellales (Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes). A sister relationship for Fuscosporellales with Conioscyphales, Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales is strongly supported by sequence data. Taxonomic novelties introduced in Fuscosporellales are four monotypic genera, viz. Fuscosporella, Mucispora, Parafuscosporella and Pseudoascotaiwania. A new taxon in its asexual morph is proposed in Ascotaiwania based on molecular data and cultural characters.

Herpotrichiellaceae is an interesting, but confused family in Chaetothyriales; the latter has been considered to represent a natural and well-defined group. A new genus Melanoctona was collected on decaying wood of Tectona grandis in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand and is introduced in Herpotrichiellaceae. It has a unique combination of morphological and phylogenetic characters. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU and SSU sequence data place Melanoctona in a distinct lineage in Herpotrichiellaceae. Melanoctona is distinguished from other genera in Herpotrichiellaceae by its hyphomycetous formation and muriform, ellipsoidal to ovoid, brown to dark brown conidia. Minimelanolocus yunnanensis sp. nov. is also introduced. This species inhabits decaying wood in freshwater streams and rivers in Yunnan Province, China. Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of combined ITS, LSU and SSU sequence data, as well as a distinct morphology provide evidence for this new species. Comprehensive descriptions and illustrations of Melanoctona tectonae gen. et sp. nov. and Minimelanolocus yunnanensis sp. nov. are provided with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny. Minimelanolocus yunnanensis is compared with morphologically similar taxa.

Three new species of Lactarius sect. Deliciosi are described from montane central and southwestern China. Lactarius abieticola is associated with Abies trees. The pure orange basidiomata with only faint greenish discoloration resemble L. laeticolor, L. salmonicolor and L. thyinos, but the smaller size and whitish tomentum at the pileus margin make it different. Lactarius hengduanensis is similar to and closely related with L. deterrimus due to the orange latex and association with Picea trees. The contrast between the vivid orange stipe and paler lamellae and the spores with more reticulate ornamentation can be used to separate it from L. deterrimus. Lactarius pseudohatsudake has vinaceous red latex, similar to Asian L. hatsudake. The symbiotic relationship with Picea trees and crowded lamellae are differences from L. hatsudake. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis on the ITS sequences supported the three species to be distinct. The three new species are representative ectomycorrhizal fungi in the subalpine-alpine coniferous forests and putative choice edible mushrooms for the local people.

The genus Anthostomella is heterogeneous and recent DNA based studies have shown that species are polyphyletic across Xylariaceae. In this study, we present a morphology based, taxonomic treatment, coupled with a molecular phylogenetic reassessment of relationships within Anthostomella. This has resulted in the establishment of two new genera, eight new combinations and three new species among anthostomella-like taxa. Seventeen strains from 16 anthostomella-like species have been revisited. A re-description of morphological characters among these taxa suggests that Anthostomella can be circumscribed based on immersed ascomata, cylindrical asci with short pedicels and pigmented, equilateral ascospores with germ slits, while Anthostomelloides is characterized by oblong-ellipsoidal ascospores lacking germ slits. Anthostomella brabeji, A. forlícesenica, A. leucospermi and A. proteae are transferred to Anthostomelloides. Pseudoanthostomella gen. nov., possesses solitary ascomata, as well as asci with apical rings and is closely related to Neoanthostomella, but can be distinguished based on a combination of characters, such as multiple ascomata and asci completely lacking apical rings. Anthostomella conorum, A. delitescens and A. sepelibilis are reallocated to Pseudoanthostomella with two new species, P. pini-nigrae and P. senecionicola. Neoanthostomella viticola sp. nov. is added to the previously monotypic genus Neoanthostomella. Alloanthostomella gen. nov is introduced to accommodate Anthostomella rubicola. The only anthostomella-like genus diagnosed with hyaline ascospores so far, is Alloanthostomella gen. nov. This study represents a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study based on four independent molecular markers (ITS, 28S rDNA, RPB2 and β-tubulin) with a broad taxon sampling across Anthostomella.