The present paper describes one new genus Parvarhynchus gen. nov. with two new species, Parvarhynchus aligarhensis sp. nov. and Parvarhynchus shishodiai sp. nov., and one new combination, Parvarhynchus japonicus comb. nov. of tribe Copiphorini (Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) from India. A key to Indian genera of Copiphorini, illustrations and morphometric ranges of all the described and reported species have been provided. All type specimens have been deposited in the Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

Spiky pygmy grasshoppers (Scelimeninae) are a large subfamily within Tetrigidae that include three tribes (Criotettigini, Scelimenini, Thoradontini). Their systematic relationships within Scelimeninae were not and are still not well understood, nor is their relationship to other Tetrigidae subfamilies. Chen et al. (2018) published a study on the phylogenetic relationships among Scelimeninae genera. Chen et al. (2018) (1) did not question the monophyly of Scelimeninae; (2) included only Chinese representatives into analysis; (3) probably misidentified some material used in analysis, (4) did not make sequences publicly available, and (5) did not highlight certain important findings. Scelimeninae are not monophyletic, but a polyphyletic group composed of genera gathering species with spiky lateral lobes. Spiky lateral lobes are a homoplastic character. Scelimenini are an Oriental group including about 100 species and 15 genera. Criotettigini and Thoradontini should not be assigned to Scelimeninae, but remain without subfamily placement. Numerous Chinese taxa are synonymous based on morphological comparison and Chen et al. (2018) molecular data: Criotettix brevipennis Zheng et Xie, 2002 = C. strictvertex Zheng, Wei et Li, 2009 syn. nov. and = C. yingjiangensisZheng et Ou, 2011syn. nov., Paragavialidium hainanense (Zheng et Liang, 1985) = P. tridentatumZheng, 1994syn. nov. and = P. platynotum Zheng et Xu, 2010 syn. nov., Thoradonta yunnanaZheng, 1983 = T. dianguiensis Deng, Zheng et Wei, 2006 syn. nov., = T. lancangensis Zheng, 1991 syn. nov., = T. longipenna Zheng et Liang, 1991 syn. nov., = T. obtusilobata Zheng, 1996 syn. nov. and = T. transpicula Zheng, 1996 syn. nov. There is no morphological (nor molecular) apomorphy pointing to traditional Scelimeninae monophyly. Furthermore, Criotettix telifera is transferred to the genus Afrocriotettix and the new combination is A. teliferus (Walker, 1871) comb. nov.; a new name, Dengonius Adžić et al. nom. nov. (and Dengonius dinghuensis (Liang, 1995) comb. nov.) is proposed for monotypic genus Cyphotettix Liang, 1995 (nomen nudum BentotettixDeng, 2016), homonym of Cyphotettix Rehn, 1952; and Eufalconoides tridentatusZheng, Li et Shi, 2003syn. nov. is found to be a nymph of Scelimena melli Günther, 1938, resulting in synonymy of the genus EufalconoidesZheng, Li et Shi, 2003syn. nov. with ScelimenaServille, 1838 and a new combination, Scelimena guizhouensis (Zheng et Shi, 2006) comb. nov.

Crabronid wasp Lindenius abditus Kohl, 1898 is recorded for the first time from Turkey. Recorded species are described and taxonomically important morphological characters are photographed.

Seven mayfly species represent new state records, and an additional eight mayfly species represent new county records for Missouri. These 15 species from eight families increased the total Ephemeroptera species richness of the state to 110. Many species reported here include habitat specialists and large-river species collected as either larvae or adults. Homoeoneuria ammophila (Spieth) was collected from the Missouri River, a species having otherwise sparse records in North America, and the predacious, widespread Pseudiron centralis (McDunnough) was collected from the Mississippi River following an absence in Missouri records for over 65 years. Ongoing threats from land-use change and climate alterations make aquatic insect distribution records critically important. Greater sampling efforts should be concentrated in large-river habitats.

A new Lasiocampidae species, Streblote solitariaZolotuhin, 1991, is reported for Turkey. A figure of the adult male and its new distributional data are presented. All known Lasiocampidae moths in Turkey are listed.

Pygmy grasshoppers (family: Tetrigidae) of New Caledonia are a diverse group composed of seven known species (including the new one), of which six are endemic to New Caledonia. However, numerous taxa are to be discovered and described in the future. Here we describe a new monotypic genus from the archipelago—Caledonian Pygmy Hunchback (Notredamia Skejo, Deranja et Adžić gen. n.) including a single species—N. dora Skejo, Deranja et Adžić sp. n. inhabiting Mt. Koghi. The genus is compared to morphologically similar SE Asian and New Guinean Cladonotinae—Cladonotella Hancock, 1909, Gestroana Berg, 1898, and PotuaBolívar, 1887, to whom it is probably related. Genus is named in memory of Notre-Dame de Paris, Medieval Catholic cathedral, that recently suffered great damage, but also in memory of Victor Hugo's novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, whose hunchback is a metaphor for the hump on the grasshopper's pronotal discus (fused PM, MM1 and MML1s projections). A new species is described after female holotype deposited in MNHN Paris. An additional photograph from iNaturalist (2019) was used to describe the species and its habitat. A brief overview of New Caledonian Tetrigidae is presented with the genus Hyperyboella being assigned to Batrachideinae.

Pseudoprotapion coeleste (Faust, 1886) is first recorded from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan, the northernmost locality for this species. Distribution map for this species is given.

Modifications in the Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus during the insect's feeding cycle and under hyperosmotic conditions were analyzed. From the time of one hour after feeding, the proximal region presents a gradual reduction in epithelium volume, with intense vacuolization in the basal region and partial disorganization of the microvilli. Twenty-four hours after feeding many vacuoles without electron-dense content are observed. At 72 hours the volume is large and the mitochondria are found spread throughout the epithelium. The distal region presents concretions of amorphous minerals with an appearance of concentric lamellae. When the tubules are submitted to hyperosmotic shock they present partial disorganization of the microvilli in the proximal region, without alteration of the basal vacuolization. In the distal region, the concretions are expelled into the lumen, together with pieces of membrane, without breaking the integrity of the epithelium, thus maintaining the parallel pattern of the basal interdigitations and suggesting that the ions present are utilized in volume regulation. These data reinforce the importance of feeding in relation to morphological modifications and regulation of cell volume in the luminal and basolateral membrane of the cells of the Malpighian tubules of R. prolixus. In this way, these observations demonstrate that in the physiology of the insect the blood supply is not only related to the nutrient acquisition but to the regulation of the cellular volume and the intense ion exchange due to the osmotic shock that this feeding triggers.

Adults of Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae were surveyed from Chiapas and Guerrero, Mexico, and were collected using black light traps and entomological nets. Two new species are described: Protoptila danielae sp. nov., from Chiapas state and Protoptila thomi sp. nov., from Guerrero, state route 130, 80 km NW of Zihuatanejo, and the male genitalia are illustrated. The species Protoptila mayana Flint is registered as a new record for Mexico; additionally, we provide an updated checklist of the genus Protoptila species from Mexico.