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Jean Gaudant (* 31 December 1939 — † 6 December 2015) — In Memoriam
It was with great sadness that we learned of the passing of Dr. Jean Gaudant, lecturer in geology and palaeontology at the University Paris 7 (1970–2006), research associate at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (2007–2015) and eminent specialist in the field of the Cenozoic teleosts of Europe. It is a great honour for me to present this extended obituary, which provides a brief outline of his scientific career, an overview of his favourite research topics, and some personal reminiscences of our work together. A bibliography of his 286 scientific publications is given at the end of this tribute to Jean Gaudant and his work.
A new set of Paleocene and Eocene decapod crustaceans is described from the Kirthar Range of Pakistan. Two new ghost shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Callianassidae) are described: Neocallichirus khadroensis Hyžný & Charbonnier, n. sp. from the Paleocene (Danian, Khadro Formation) of Gawar Band, Ranikot District, and Neocallichirus lakhraensis Hyžný & Charbonnier, n. sp. from the Early Eocene (Ypresian, Lakhra Formation) of Rbod Nala, Jhirak District. Both new species exhibit chelipeds which are morphologically surprisingly close to extant Neocallichirus karumba (Poore & Griffin, 1979) from the Indo-West Pacific. A group of species sharing this same cheliped morphology is provisionally called the “karumba group” based on Neocallichirus karumba, best documented species. The “karumba group” encompasses seven fossil species: the two new Pakistani species, Neocallichirus tuberculatus (Lőrenthey inLőrenthey & Beurlen, 1929) n. comb. from the Eocene of Hungary, Neocallichirus borensisBeschin, De Angeli, Checchi & Mietto, 2006 from the Eocene of Italy, Neocallichirus birmanicus (Noetling, 1901) n. comb. from the Miocene of Myanmar, Neocallichirus dijki (Martin, 1883) from the Miocene of Java and Philippines, and the subfossil Neocallichirus maximus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1870) from Thailand. Based upon the extant and fossil occurrences, it is difficult to reconstruct migration pattern of the “karumba group”. For now, it can be concluded, that at the genus level, a relative homogeneity of the ghost shrimps is observed between the Eastern and the Western Tethyan regions, as already suggested by Merle et al. (2014) for the assemblage of volutid gastropods from the Lakhra Formation.
KEYWORDS: Chiroptera, radiation, Éocène, Afrique du Nord, cladistique, paléobiogéographie, genres nouveaux, espèces nouvelles, Eocene, NORTH AFRICA, cladistics, Paleobiogeography, new genera, new species
Cette étude intègre des faunes inédites de chiroptères fossiles découvertes lors de plusieurs campagnes de terrain réalisées en Afrique du Nord. Il s'agit de localités fossilifères datées de l'Éocène inférieur à moyen de Tunisie (Chambi) et d'Algérie (Glib Zegdou). Les différentes analyses systématiques et cladistiques réalisées sur ce matériel fossile, essentiellement constitué de dents isolées, ont permis d'apporter de nombreux éclaircissements sur les modalités évolutives de la radiation des premiers microchiroptères modernes. Ces nouvelles faunes ont livré pas moins de huit nouveaux taxons répartis dans cinq familles modernes bien identifiées : un Necromantidae (?Necromantis fragmentum Ravel, n. sp.), deux Hipposideridae Miller, 1907 (?Palaeophyllophora tunisiensis Ravel, n. sp. et Hipposideros (Pseudorhinolophus) africanum Ravel, n. sp.), trois Emballonuridae Gervais in de Castelnau, 1855 (Vespertiliavus kasserinensis Ravel, n. sp., ?Vespertiliavus aenigma Ravel, n. sp., et Pseudovespertiliavus parva Ravel n. gen., n. sp.), un Nycteridae (Khoufechia gunnelli Ravel n. gen., n. sp.) ainsi qu'un Vespertilionidae indéterminé. Deux autres taxons sont également répertoriés (Chambinycteris pusilli Ravel n. gen., n. sp. et Drakonycteris glibzegdouensis Ravel n. gen., n. sp.), mais leur morphologie dentaire originale ne permet pas de les attribuer de manière formelle à des familles connues. Deux analyses cladistiques permettent de clarifier les positions phylogénétiques des taxons les mieux documentés. Par ailleurs, elles mettent en évidence l'existence d'un axe majeur de dispersion des chiroptères Hipposideridae et Emballonuridae depuis l'Afrique du Nord vers le Sud de l'Europe durant l'Éocène moyen.
KEYWORDS: Cyprinodontiformes, Valenciidae, Umbridae, Oligocene, Puy-de-Dôme, paléoécologie, espèce nouvelle, cyprinodontiforms, Central France, palaeoecology, new species
L'étude anatomique de nouveaux matériaux récoltés dans les sapropels oligocènes de Chadrat (Saint-Saturnin, Puy de Dôme, France) permet de préciser les caractères de ces poissons cyprinodontiformes. La comparaison avec la description originale de poissons du sapropel de Chadrat publiée par Piton (1935) conduit à mettre en évidence des différences significatives entre cette description et nos propres observations. En raison de l'absence de figuration originale de l'espèce Haplochilus piacentini aggravée par la perte de son holotype, le nom Haplochilus piacentini doit être considéré comme un nomen nudum. La présente étude montre que les poissons fossiles de Chadrat appartiennent à une nouvelle espèce du genre FrancolebiasCosta, 2012 : F. arvernensis n. sp. On signale également la présence dans ce gisement d'un squelette d'un Umbridae primitif : Palaeoesox cf. weileri (Martini, 1965).
KEYWORDS: marginella, shape analysis, Early Pleistocene, Messina Strait, Mediterranean, paleoceanography, new species, analyse de contours, Pléistocène inférieur, Détroit de Messine, Méditerranée, paléoceanographie, espèce nouvelle
A new species of Marginella Lamarck, 1799 is described from the Early Pleistocene of the Messina Strait area, M. seguenzai n. sp. The remarkable variability in shell size and shape required a preliminary morphometric analysis, which provided evidence of a single species. This is the last known representative of the genus Marginella in the Mediterranean, today highly diverse in the tropical and subtropical shallow waters of West Africa, up to about 28°N. The genus Marginella was thought to have disappeared from the Mediterranean and the adjacent Atlantic after the Early Pliocene, due to early cooling phases. Anyway, Marginella seguenzai n. sp. was a deep water species, and its extinction was most probably due to the loss of psychrosphere, in the Early Pleistocene, rather than to climatic deterioration. The remarkable closeness between the new species and a deep water living species, endemic to three seamounts in the NE Atlantic, suggests a common origin for both species. High productivity seems to have been a key factor in the Mediterranean distribution of Marginella, either in shallow and deep waters.
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