Rhododendron minus var. chapmanii (Alph. Wood) Gandhi & Zarucchi is validated here as a new combination.

Two new species of Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae) are described and illustrated: Calyptranthes carinata from Peru and C. nervata from Ecuador.

Hispaniolanthus (Capparaceae), a new genus segregated from Capparis, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by short simple hairs, minute stipules, spiral phyllotaxy, juvenile individuals with linear leaf blades, mature individuals with their young leaves conduplicate, flowers axillary and subterminal, solitary and/or rarely paired, without peduncles and on remarkably long-pedicels. The calyx is decussate with closed aestivation, bearing sepals similar in size to that of the petals, four erect to divergent nectary scales, and ca. 30 to 45 stamens on short filaments, 1.5–2.0 cm long. Hispaniolanthus is a monospecific genus known only from dry forests of western Haití, facing the Island of Gonaïves. It is represented by the new combination herewith transferred from Capparis: Hispaniolanthus dolichopodus. Its putative relationships with the morphologically closer genera of Capparaceae are discussed.

Eriophyton sunhangii (Lamiaceae), from eastern Xizang (Tibet), China, is described as new. A key is provided to highlight features distinguishing it from the only other species in the genus, E. wallichii. Eriophyton sunhangii is so far known only from Zhuoga-la, west of the city of Changdu (Qamdo, or Chamdo).

Macaranga tessellata var. glabrescens is described from calcareous habitats in Papua New Guinea's southern region. The new variety is distinguished from the nominate form by its narrowly elliptic leaves, solitary female flowers, and glabrous calyces. Distributional records are also reported for Acronychia cartilaginea, Glochidion beehleri, and Psychotria matambuaii, formerly known only from their type localities.

Aglaia pannelliana is described from limestone habitats in Papua New Guinea's Southern Fold Mts. The extraordinary novelty is easily distinguished by its exceptionally large fruits (to 14.0 × 8.5 cm, dimensions exceeded only by the capsules of A. mackiana), by flowers that are probably the largest in the genus, and by the unique presence of simple hairs on vegetative parts. Distributional notes are also provided for the rarely collected A. puberulanthera, newly documented for the Trans-Fly region.

Draba beltranii and D. werffii (Brassicaceae) are described from the Peruvian departments of Lima and Arequipa, respectively. Draba beltranii differs from the related D. cuzcoensis and D. soratensis by having more ovules per ovary (30–34 vs. 14–26) and longer fruits and pedicels, and from the former by the bracteate raceme and from the latter by the yellow instead of white flowers. Draba werffii differs from all South American species by a combination of small (2.5–3.0 × 0.7–1.0 mm), blue or purple flowers, scapose habit, and ebracteate racemes.

The correct name for plants of Aster albescens (Asteraceae) with glabrous leaves is discussed and a new combination, A. albescens var. glabratus, is proposed. Aster albescens, a highly variable species in China, extends from the western Himalaya to central China.

Croton glandulosus is one of the most common and widespread species of the genus. It is a morphologically variable species for which more than thirty varieties have been described. This work provides a critical evaluation of the varieties of C. glandulosus that have been applied to specimens from North America north of Mexico. Five natively occurring varieties are recognized in this region. Several varieties are reduced to synonymy, and the new combination C. glandulosus var. arenicola is made. Lectotypes are designated for those varieties lacking a designated holotype.

Croton section Crotonopsis is very distinctive within the genus. It is one of the few groups of the genus that are endemic to the United States. Although the precise phylogenetic relationships of section Crotonopsis have not been established in molecular studies, it is clearly nested within Croton. We hypothesize that it may form a clade with some of the other sections found in North America that have lepidote trichomes and multifid styles. The two species that have been recognized in the section are very similar morphologically; we therefore propose that these two taxa should be included as varieties of a single species and formalize the varietal names, which are Croton michauxii var. michauxii and the new combination C. michauxii var. elliptica. A key to distinguish the two varieties is presented.

Kairoa endressiana is described from limestone environments in Papua New Guinea's (PNG) southern region. According to chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences, the novelty is closely allied to Faika and Kairoa, two genera previously regarded as monotypic. In recognition of these molecular findings, Kairoa is redefined by one nomenclatural transfer and by the addition of K. endressiana. A key to the three species is presented, together with updated maps of their geographic distributions. Color photographs are provided for all currently accepted taxa.

The new species Draba heilii from the alpine tundra of northern New Mexico, and D. mulliganii from limestone and serpentine outcrops in Alaska, are described. From the related D. standleyi, D. heilii is distinguished by the smaller leaves undifferentiated (vs. strongly differentiated) into blade and petiole, thickened midvein (vs. not thickened), setose (vs. non-setose) leaf margin, and lanceolate (vs. linear-elliptic to elliptic) fruits. Draba mulliganii differs from the related D. porsildii by the broadly obovate petals 3.2–4.0 mm long (vs. spatulate petals 1.5–2.2 mm long), non-appressed fruits with styles 0.4–1.0 mm long (vs. appressed fruits with styles 0.05–0.10 mm long), and abaxial leaf surface with 8–12-rayed stellate trichomes often without spurred rays (vs. 3–5-rayed trichomes often with some rays 1-spurred).