In preparation for the publication of a monograph of Nolana L.f. (Nolaneae–Solanaceae), two new species, Nolana hoxeyi and Nolana samaensis, are described from the southern Peruvian Department of Tacna. These two share relationships and occur in the same geographic area, although not strictly sympatrically. Series of diagnostic morphological characteristics allow for discrimination of these two from all other species of Nolana with narrow leaves recorded from the Department of Tacna. Descriptions, illustrations, and a distribution map are provided for the new species. Typifications are provided for several taxa of Nolana.

En preparación de la monografía de Nolana L.f. (Nolaneae–Solanaceae) para su publicación, se describen dos nuevas especies del departamento de Tacna en el Sur de Perú, Nolana hoxeyi y Nolana samaensis. Estas dos especies están relacionadas y se distribuyen en la misma área geográfica, aunque no son estrictamente simpátricas. Muchos caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos permiten diferenciar a estas dos, de las demás especies de Nolana con hojas angostas registradas en el departamento de Tacna. Se describen, ilustran y se proporciona un mapa de distribución para las dos nuevas especies. Se dan a conocer además, tipificaciones para varios taxones de Nolana.

A new checklist and key to the species of Monnina in the flora of Venezuela, which currently includes 16 species, are presented. M. salicifolia and M. smithii, the former previously known along the Andes from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, and the latter from Colombia, are reported here as new country records. Through the revision of the nomenclature and typification of Venezuelan Monnina species, six leptotypifications (M. aestuans, M. cladostachya, M. densa, M. elongata, M. mollis and M. solandrifolia) and one neotypification (M. meridensis) are designated. In a geographical and taxonomical context, Monnina coriacea is considered a synonym of M. meridensis, whereas M. densa and M. duidae are regarded here as distinct from M. aestuans and M. cacumina, respectively.

Se presenta una nueva lista y clave de las especies de Monnina para la Flora de Venezuela, las cuales incluyen 16 especies. Se registran para la flora de Venezuela a M. salicifolia y M. smithii, dos especies previamente conocidas de los Andes de Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia la primera, y Colombia la segunda. A traves de la revisión de la nomenclatura de las especies venezolanas de Monnina, se proponen seis leptotipificaciones (M. aestuans, M. cladostachya, M. densa, M. elongata, M. mollis and M. solandrifolia) y una neotipificación (M. meridensis). En un contexto geográfico y taxonómico, Monnina coriacea es considerada sinonimo de M. meridensis, mientras que M. densa y M. duidae son consideradas diferentes de M. aestuans y M. cacumina, respectivamente.

We examined the floristic composition and similarity of the Ponta do Tubarão Reserve of Sustainable Development, Diogo Lopes District, Macau, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. During the Field Course of Ecology I and II of the Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Conservation of the State University of Paraíba (PPGEC-UEPB), herbarium collections of fertile specimens were made in the four recognized phytophysiognomies of the area; Caatinga, Dunes, Islands, and Mangrove. Our results were complemented by data from the speciesLink network. A total of 140 species, belonging to 102 genera and 47 families, were collected and identified. Four of the species are new records for the state of Rio Grande do Norte: Calliandra depauperata Benth., Calliandra spinosa Ducke and Bauhinia dubia G. Don (Fabaceae), which is also a new record for the Caatinga vegetation area, and Schultesia doniana Progel (Gentianaceae). Fabaceae was the most represented family with 23 species. Similarity analyses indicated three distinct vegetation groups, composed of the combined Dunes and Mangrove areas, the Island area, and the Caatinga area.

Aphanandrium, a genus of herbs and shrubs in the Acanthaceae from the Neotropics, is reinstated based on a previous phylogenetic study, and the following new combinations are herein presented: Aphanandrium grandifolius, A. harlingii var. harlingii, A. harlingii var. longifolius, and A. nitidus. Also, Aphanandrium narupayacuensis, a distinctive new species from the lowlands of northeastern Ecuador, is formally described and illustrated, and its relationship to morphologically closely related species is discussed.

Aphanandrium Lindau, un género de pequeños arbustos of Acanthaceae del Neotrópico es validado con base en un estudio filogenético previo y se presentan las siguientes nuevas combinaciones: Aphanandrium grandifolius, A. harlingii var. harlingii, A. harlingii var. longifolius, y A. nitidus. Además, se presenta formalmente a Aphanandrium narupayacuensis, una distintiva nueva especie de las tierras bajas del noreste de Ecuador, se discute sus relaciones con las especies morfológicamente cercanas.

Calycacanthus is treated as comprising two species, C. magusianus and a newly described species, C. insularis. The genus is endemic to New Guinea and several adjacent islands. Calycacanthus magnusianus is widespread in Papua New Guinea, whereas C. insularis is only known from several islands of that country in the southern Solomon Sea. The two species are similar in corolla size, shape, and coloration, but differ in calyx coloration, anther size, and pollen morphology. Both species are described (macromorphology and pollen), their distributions are mapped, habitats and phenological data are summarized, and preliminary conservation assessments are discussed.

We describe and illustrate a new species of Columnea from the Central Pacific region of Costa Rica. Columnea blancoi sp. nov. is morphologically similar to Columnea canarina, from Panama which it can be distinguished by having stems that are flaky and sericeous distally, ovate bracts, entire, green and shorter calyx lobes, yellow corolla that is glandular-pilose externally, with a marginal purple-red line 1–2 mm wide on all lobes internal and externally, and a shorter ventral corolla lobe and style. A taxonomic description, illustrations, a distribution map, conservation status, and comments on how C. blancoi differs from other morphologically related species are provided.

Describimos e ilustramos una nueva especie de Columnea de la región del Pacífico Central de Costa Rica. Columnea blancoi sp. nov. es morfológicamente similar a Columnea canarina, de Panamá la que se distingue por tener tallos escamosos y seríceos distalmente, brácteas ovadas, los lóbulos del cáliz enteros, verdes y más cortos, la corola amarilla, glandular-pilosa externamente y con una línea rojo-púrpura marginal de 1–2 mm de ancho en todos los lóbulos interna y externamente, y el lóbulo ventral de la corola y el estilo más cortos. Además, se proporciona su descripción taxonómica, ilustración, mapa de distribución, estado de conservación y comentarios de cómo difiere C. blancoi de especies morfológicamente relacionadas.

The new generic name Karma (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) is proposed to substitute the concept of Tubella (Luer) Archila [2009], which is illegitimate on account of the prior homonym Tubella Archila [2006], a genus in the Gentianaceae. The latter was proposed together with the illegitimate genus Xenia Archila in the Asclepiadaceae, and the invalid Pseudolepanthes Archila in the Orchidaceae. All three names were “hidden” at the end of an unrelated paper in Revista Guatemalensis volume 2 number 2 and had been forgotten or ignored until now. Taxonomic proposals published in this inconsistent, self-published, cryptic journal are good candidates for suppression, especially given the existence of alternative contents and pre-dated covers, among other issues.

A new species of Vochysia, V. wilsonii (section Ciliantha, subsection Ferruginea), is described, and its morphological relationships with other similar Vochysia species are discussed. Vochysia wilsonii is found in wet forests over sandstone tabletop outcrops (“Mesetas”) and white sand soils in the Araracuara (“medio río Caquetá”) and Chiribiquete areas, a megadiverse region in the Colombian Guayana Shield, Caquetá department. This new species is a tree up to 25 m tall, and shares features with four species (Vochysia biloba, V. casiquiarensis, V. sabatieri, and V. vismiifolia). However, it differs in the size and shape of the leaves, stipules, inflorescence, cincinni, spur, spurred sepal, flower, central petal and stamen, as well as in its pubescence size and shape. An updated key of 45 Colombian species of Vochysia is provided.

Una nueva especie de Vochysia, V. wilsonii (section Ciliantha, subsection Ferruginea) es descrita y sus relaciones morfológicas con sus especies afines son discutidas. Vochysia wilsonii se encuentra en los bosques sobre mesetas en los afloramientos de arenisca y en suelos de arenas blancas de Araracuara (medio río Caquetá) y Chiribiquete, una región megadiversa del escudo guayanés colombiano, en el departamento del Caquetá. Esta nueva especie es un arbol de hasta 25 m de altura, que presenta similitudes morfológicas con cuatro especies (Vochysia biloba, V. casiquiarensis, V. sabatieri and V. vismiifolia). Sin embargo, esta difiere en la pubescencia, tamaño y forma de sus hojas, estípulas, inflorescencias, cincinos, espolón, cáliz espolonado, flores, el pétalo central y el estambre. Se incluye una clave actualizada de las 45 especies de Vochysia presentes en Colombia.

This work presents two new records of Dyschoriste (Acanthaceae) for northeastern Brazil, D. erythrorhiza and D. maranhonis. Both species are endemic to Brazil. Additionally, lectotypes are proposed for D. maranhonis and D. pulegium. Geographic distribution and flowering and fruiting data are also presented.

A new species of Lepanthes from the southwestern Andes of Colombia is described, illustrated and compared with morphologically similar species. The new species was found in two localities in the municipality of San José del Salado, in the department of Valle del Cauca, where several new species have been found and described in the past several years.

Se describe, ilustra y compara una nueva especie de Lepanthes del suroeste de los Andes occidentales de Colombia con especies morfológicamente similares. La especie nueva fue encontrada en el municipio de San José del Salado en el departamento del Valle del Cauca donde se han encontrado y descrito varias especies nuevas en los últimos años.

Continuing herbarium and literature research on the Malesian orchid flora reveals the need to propose 12 new synonyms in the genera Calanthe, Coelogyne, Dendrobium, Didymoplexis, and Pinalia. Two new combinations are also proposed, Crepidium auriculatum, and Pinalia puberula.

The increased availability of phylogenetic, morphological, and geographic information from different biological groups has allowed for the testing of several scenarios on the origin and assembly of the biota around the world. The biogeographical approaches used to understand the origin of the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP) flora were previously based on floristic comparisons and do not consider the phylogenetic relationships among taxa, complicating the understanding of their biogeographical history. In order to improve the understanding of biogeographical and evolutionary processes implied in the occurrence of the endemic flora of the YPBP, we constructed a geobiotic scenario, which integrates lineage divergence events obtained from previous phylogenetic and biogeographical studies, along with geological/tectonic and climatic events occurring in the area. To strengthen the biogeographical hypotheses, we constructed a phylogenetic tree as a framework for an approximation of the periods of history with the greatest influence on the evolution of the flora. Additionally, we searched for morphological traits of relevance for dispersal, establishment, and adaptation to the current environmental conditions of the YPBP. The evidence gathered in the present work strongly suggests that the origin of the endemic flora of the YPBP has been driven by various factors and processes that occurred at different times in the history of the Earth (mainly in the Pliocene and early Pleistocene). These include hybridization, isolation after long-distance dispersal from the Antilles, as well as the influence of environmental changes during the Pleistocene. Those climatic fluctuations reduced the geographic range of some ancestral lineages, leading to geographic isolation of populations in the northern part of the YPBP, where the climate has been more stable over time.

Lepidium graminifolium is reported for the first time for South America. New first records are given for L. argentinum, L. brevicaule, and L. santacruzense from the Argentinean provinces San Juan, Mendoza, and Chubut, respectively. Coronopus leptocarpus is lectotypified and the status of the types of C. leptocarpus var. microcarpus, L. abrotanifolium var. steinmannii, L. boelckeanum, and L. inclusum are briefly discussed.

A new species of Bulbophyllum, section Xiphyzusa, found in the Andean region of Colombia, in the department of Huila, is described and illustrated. The species is discussed in relation to its morphologically similar and closest relatives. Information on its distribution, ecology, and habitat is provided.

Se describe e ilustran una nueva especie para el género Bulbophyllum sección Xiphyzusa encontrada en la región andina de Colombia, en el departamento del Huila. La especie se discute con las especies morfológicamente más cercanas y se proporciona información sobre su distribución, ecología y hábitat.

The reinstatement of the generic name Petrogenia is proposed, from synonymy under Bonamia, as an accepted genus of Convolvulaceae.