Hippoboscidae (Samouelle 1819) is a family of blood feeding Diptera, which can be phoretic vectors for parasitic feather lice (Philopteridae Burmeister 1838). Hippoboscid flies are understood to provide opportunities for increased instances of dispersal and host-switching for feather lice. This intimate relationship between hippoboscid fly and feather louse may have hypothetically existed since the origin of avian-specialized Hippoboscidae. Thus, phoretic dispersal may have affected patterns of diversification in feather lice over millions of years. To test this, a dating analysis of a previously published Hippoboscoidea data set was performed using known fossil calibrations. The results of the dating analysis suggest Hippoboscoidea diversified shortly after the K-Pg boundary, similar to their modern vertebrate hosts. A maximum age of the avian feeding Ornithomyini is estimated to have occurred around the origin of parasitic feather lice. This maximum divergence date suggest this phoretic relationship could have existed for much of the diversification of avian feather lice and had the potential to influence patterns of diversification due to dispersal and host-switching among avian hosts.

Enigmatic and rarely collected, ambush bugs of the tribe Macrocephalini (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae) encompass a diverse group of predatory bugs armed with subchelate raptorial forelegs, a greatly enlarged scutellum, and elongate head. Macrocephalini is the most specious of the four tribes of ambush bugs, consisting of 20 genera and 154 species. They are represented in the Caribbean by several remarkable taxa that bear foretarsi, a trait unassociated with macrocephalines found elsewhere in the world. I here describe a new genus and species of Macrocephalini, Capricephala chiaroscuro gen. et sp. nov., native to the island of Hispaniola and one that bears striking differences to other phymatines known from that region.