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4 December 2019 Inter- and intraspecific vigilance patterns of two sympatric Tibetan ungulates
Yunchao Luo, Lin Wang, Le Yang, Xinxin Wang, Ming Tan, Zhongqiu Li
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Abstract

Vigilance is an important antipredation technique that can be affected by many factors, such as body size and group size. Small animals are more vulnerable than large ones, so the former are expected to behave more vigilantly than the latter. This effect of body size on vigilance may occur inter- or intraspecifically. We studied the vigilance behavior of two sympatric wild ungulates, Tibetan antelopes (Pantholops hodgsonii) and Tibetan gazelles (Procapra picticaudata). Tibetan antelopes, with a body size of 33 kg are much larger than Tibetan gazelles, with a body size of approximately 14 kg. Tibetan antelopes are sexually and body-size dimorphic; that is, males are much heavier than females. Alternately, Tibetan gazelles are sexually dimorphic but the sexes do not differ in weight. Tibetan gazelles scanned their environment more frequently than Tibetan antelopes did. Small female Tibetan antelopes scanned their environment more frequently than males did, whereas male Tibetan gazelles scanned their environment more frequently than females did. Group size did not affect the vigilance of Tibetan gazelle, but its negative effect on the vigilance of male Tibetan antelopes was marginally significant. In female Tibetan antelopes, vigilance in large groups was high probably because of scramble competition and social monitoring. Our results suggested that body mass and group size play an important role in shaping the vigilance of these two rare Tibetan ungulates.

© 2019 American Society of Mammalogists, www.mammalogy.org
Yunchao Luo, Lin Wang, Le Yang, Xinxin Wang, Ming Tan, and Zhongqiu Li "Inter- and intraspecific vigilance patterns of two sympatric Tibetan ungulates," Journal of Mammalogy 101(2), 498-506, (4 December 2019). https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz175
Received: 11 August 2019; Accepted: 22 October 2019; Published: 4 December 2019
KEYWORDS
body-size principle
group-size effect
Tibetan antelope
Tibetan gazelle
vigilance
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