Early stages of narrow-winged saltbush grasshopper, Aeoloplides tenuipennis, have not been figured in the literature, hindering their separation from economically harmful or benign species of grasshoppers and hampering ecological or taxonomic investigations. During June and July 2015, five instars of A. tenuipennis were collected or photographed at two sites in Cochise County, Arizona, U.S.A. These are illustrated alongside a brief morphometric table. Notes on habitat, identification and polychromatism, and a comparison with 4^th and 5^th instars of the widespread snakeweed grasshopper, Hesperotettix viridis viridis, are included.

In the woods around the famous Iguazú Waterfalls were discovered numerous individuals of a little walking leaf identified as Typophyllum inflatum, a species long ago described from Bolivia, and apparently never reported again. So far this population represents the southernmost known record of katydids comprising the leaf-mimicking family group Pterochrozinae or Pterochrozini. Males of T. inflatum produce a continuous low-ultrasound pure-tone song, which could reveal the presence of this species in other areas with suitable habitat. This song is astonishingly similar to that of T. erosifolium, an allopatric species distributed in northwestern South America. Typophyllum inflatum shares with other Typophyllum species the pre-copulatory riding of the tiny male on the much bigger female, but this occupies only a few hours compared to up to several days in a species from Ecuador. This could be related to a possibly lower predation pressure in the subtropical region. The same may be true of the lower variability of body color, unless this only reflects adaptation to a drier environment. In contrast to tropical species, T. inflatum in northeastern Argentina most likely is seasonal, with adults probably appearing during the south-hemispherical summer.

We present a list of grasshoppers from the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, a preservation area in the outskirts of Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil. The Ducke Reserve has been an indispensable tool for scientific development due to its considerable floristic richness. It has provided ample material for studies and research, promoting the conservation of Amazonian rainforest flora and fauna and the protection of endangered species. This checklist is intended to provide basic information on the regional grasshopper fauna, expand the current knowledge of species occurrences, and serve as a basis for systematists interested in revisionary and biogeographic work with a focus on Amazonian endemic areas. We sampled the Ducke Reserve for fifteen days using active and visual searching methods. We collected 38 species of terrestrial and semi-aquatic grasshoppers, 23 which belonged to the Acrididae and 15 to Romaleidae. Twenty four species and subspecies of grasshopper were registered for the first time for the locality and three new species and one new subspecies were recorded for Brazil.

Dichroplus maculipennis is one of the most damaging grasshopper species of Argentina. Individuals of this species at high density are historically known to show aggregation behavior and dispersal flights, attributes that might suggest that it does exhibit to some extent phase polyphenism in relation to population density. Phase polyphenism is a complex phenomenon and the amplitude of phase change is usually species-dependent. Morphological differences between gregarious and solitarious locusts can be measured and analyzed in order to characterize the phase status. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphometric differences between individuals of a D. maculipennis field population in the southern Pampas region of Argentina during non-outbreak and outbreak conditions including the magnitude of sexual size dimorphism related to variation in density. Collected individuals in the outbreak condition totaled 804 (422 females, 382 males) and those in non-outbreak condition were 325 (141 females, 184 males). Six morphometric characters were measured and two ratios (F/C and E/F) usually used to discriminate between solitarious and gregarious individuals in true locust species were calculated. Results show that size traits of D. maculipennis change over time at the population level, and that these changes correlate with outbreak vs non-outbreak populations. Females and males of D. maculipennis in outbreak conditions are significantly larger than in non-outbreak conditions. Furthermore, significant change over time was recorded in values of the two ratios calculated. D. maculipennis showed female biased sexual size dimorphism in both outbreak and non-outbreak conditions. There is a smaller difference in body size among females and males in outbreak conditions than in females and males in non-outbreak conditions. These results may be an indication of the presence of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity in this species, but additional experiments are required in order to establish a causal relationship between population density and changes in size traits.

The effect of diflubenzuron (DFB), a benzoylphenyl urea insecticide, on the cuticle in newly molted fifth-instar nymphs of Schistocerca gregaria was examined. While there was an increase in dry weight of the cuticle in untreated nymphs, DFB treated nymphs had a reduced cuticle dry weight, with significant reductions in chitin levels. In a second series of experiments, DFB significantly reduced (p < 0.05) ecdysteroid titers in the hemolymph during nymphal development, leading to disruption of molting.

Two new species of the euryphymine genus Phymeurus are described, one from Moroto Mountain, eastern Uganda (morotoensis n.sp.), and the other from West Central Tanzania, near Lake Tanganyika (kisuluensis n.sp.). The genus now contains 20 species, the majority in southern Africa.