Triozocera lobulus new species is described from a male collected in Mojave County Arizona. This species is remarkable in the shape and orientation of its epicranial plates as well as having two lobes projecting posteriorly from its prescutum. A key is provided for all species of Triozocera in North America.

Disease-free layings of Bombyx mori L. silkworm breed DUN₂₂ were reared up to 3^rd instar using standard methods. Following the 3rd moult an experiment was conducted with four treatments (T₁–T₄) and five replications of 100 larvae per treatment. In T₁, 1ml of 1x10⁶ POB/ml of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) was inoculated through mulberry leaves immediately after the 3^rd moult whereas in T₂, the same inoculum was sprayed on 100 larvae and rearing seat paper; in T₃ BmNPV infected silkworms (carriers) were introduced into a healthy population of silkworms at the ratio of 8:92, and T₄ served as the untreated control. The data regarding various economic traits viz., larval weight, 5^th instar larval duration, total larval duration, cocoon yield by number, cocoon yield by weight, single shell weight, single cocoon weight, shell ratio and pupation, raw silk percentage, silk filament length, renditta, filament size, and disease incidence were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results revealed that significant differences were observed in larval duration, larval weight, cocoon yield, pupation, disease incidence, and shell ratio across treatments. However, silk filament length, renditta, and filament size showed no significant differences but were marginally lower in treated groups compared to the control. Results indicated that BmNPV spreads through ingestion (T₁), surface contamination (T₂), and contact with infected larvae (T₃), with varying degrees of infection. Infection rates were highest in T₁, followed by T₃ and T₂, likely due to the ingestion of higher doses of polyhedral bodies, leading to rapid dissolution and tissue invasion. The study concludes that all three modes effectively transmit BmNPV, with ingestion being the most severe.

Little is known about the formation, persistence, or dissolution of sleeping clusters of male bees at night roosts. We report multi-year fidelity of male Melissodes bimaculatus (Lepeletier 1825) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) sleeping clusters to a single backyard patch of irises (Iridaceae: Iris) in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. In addition, during two consecutive years, individuals (at least one male and one female) of Triepeolus lunatus (Say 1824) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) co-roosted with the male M. bimaculatus. Individual bees settled near other bees for their nocturnal rest or nighttime inactivity periods. They also appeared to sometimes bias their specific choices for roosting positions toward plant parts against which or near which their bodies were somewhat camouflaged. Thermoregulation is an unlikely ultimate evolutionary explanation for aggregated sleeping behavior in these particular bees, but protection from predators through safety in numbers and opportunities to glean information from roost mates remain as plausible adaptive explanations. We propose an extension of the Information Center Hypothesis for co-roosting by parasitic bees with their host species.