A new monobasic leafhopper genus and species of the tribe Agalliini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae), Multinervis guangxiensis Li and Li, new genus and new species, is described and illustrated from Guangxi in Southern China. Multinervis appears to be closely related to three Southeast Asian genera, Dryodurgades Zakhvatkin 1946, Paulagallia Viraktamath, 2011 in reticular venation on forewings and Sangeeta Viraktamath, 2011 in upper striations at face, but can be distinguished mainly by the unique characters of the male genitalia and the structure of external morphology.

The first Oriental species of the water scavenger beetle genus Hemisphaera Pandellé, 1876, H. orientalis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini), is described and illustrated from Guangxi, China. It is the seventh known species of Hemisphaera and the first record of the genus in the Oriental Region.

Twig girdlers are beetles that girdle branches and trunks of living trees so that they can deposit their eggs in incisions made by their mandibles. There are few studies about the biology and ecology of the girdler Oncideres ocularis Thomson, which is considered a potential pest of forest plantations that can cause injuries to tree species of the family Fabaceae. The objective of this study was to increase knowledge related to the biological phases and the ecological patterns of girdling and oviposition of O. ocularis. Field studies were conducted at four plantations of Acacia mangium Willd located in the cities of Coimbra and Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The incubation period of eggs was 12.1 ± 0.2 (SE) days and viability was 61% (n  =  70). The number of egg incisions per girdled branch was 17.27 ± 1.0. The great number of eggs was laid in the mid-basal and middle sections of branch with a mean of 5.80 ± 0.38 and 4.97 ± 0.3 eggs on these portions. The base diameter of the girdled branches was 9.88 mm ± 0.18 and the mean length was 99.21 cm ± 2.23. A girdled branch by O. ocularis led to an average loss of leaf area of 4233.05 cm² per tree that corresponds to 0.46% of total leaf area. Other beetles that emerged from the girdled branches were Engyum quadrinotatum (Thomson), Orthostema abdominale (Gyllenhal), Nesozineus bucki (Breuning) and Lepturges sp.

Dilacreon (Eluzalmon) lobatus sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Eucarpiini), a new bamboo-feeding species, is described and illustrated from Guizhou and Guangxi of China. This represents the first record of the genus Dilacreon from China. The new taxon extends the distribution range of the genus Dilacreon, previously known only from Australia, Indonesia, Micronesia and New Guinea. A checklist of the known species of this genus in the world is provided.

Ecological studies on native bees in urban tropical environments are rare, however, ever-increasing urban areas world-wide necessitate study on how many of these bees can and have adjusted to human constructs. Predictable ecological patterns that emerge from these studies can provide guidance on how future urban constructs can be designed to provide habitat for conserving and protecting native bees. These patterns can also be used for bee habitat restoration in natural and agricultural environments. An extensive survey of native bees and honey bees and their relationships to a community of 102 plant types in urban residential environments of Bagaces and Liberia in northwestern Costa Rica was conducted from 2003–2012. Bees were attracted and recorded at measurable frequencies to 82 plant genera in 41 families, the most common of which was Fabaceae. Forty-two plant types were native ornamentals; 39 were non-natives; and 21 were native weed species. Standardized bee visitation (frequency) counts, 17,000 , were used to record relationships between bees and flowers. The following data were recorded for each plant type: flowering phenology in months, type of floral reward(s) (pollen, nectar, and/or oil), main daily attraction period, and most frequently visiting bee taxa. Plant life forms included trees, shrubs, lianas/vines, herbs, and palms. Each plant group had a different seasonal flowering phenology with native ornamentals and native weeds having patterns that closely resembled the general patterns for wild plants in the dry forest. Predictable associations of certain bee taxa with each plant type emerged from the count data, which allowed for categorizing relationships into four types: small bee, diverse bee, specialized bee, and nocturnal pollination systems. Intraspecific variations in bee attraction to several plant types were also noted. Honey bees (Africanized) did not figure prominently in most pollination relationships, especially with regard to native plants. Most native bee species were generalized foragers. Beyond the urban environment, it is suggested that knowledge of predictable bee-flower relationships can also be used to restore bee habitat in disturbed environments such as deforested areas. With some imagination and outreach education, bee habitats could also be installed for some agricultural crops. Outreaching information on native bee-flower relationships at local, regional, and state levels is important for short and long-term propagation of urban (and agricultural) plants. Yet, very few outlets for transferring this knowledge currently exist in Costa Rica. A few limited options for sharing this information are discussed, including collaborative partnerships with local NGOs.

This research considered native Mayan stingless bees, Melipona beecheii, with special attention to decrease in their managed colonies. From a total of 155 beekeepers located in 60 communities, 58 were randomly selected to survey in 2011. Their experience ranged from less than one to 50 years, and initial colonies from one to 100. Both structured and open interviews were conducted. Participants generally reported they believed bees were obtaining less food, which could produce colony loss. The present and a previous survey in the Zona Maya show colony loss averages 4–5% each year. In this study, during an average of 10 years, 27 beekeepers lost none, 9 lost all, and the remainder lost 44% of their colonies. Further analysis revealed colony loss had no association with relative habitat disturbance, presumed Africanized honey bee abundance, or beekeeping experience. However, those initially with more colonies in a meliponary lost them at a greater rate, indicating competition for food. Initial colony number was near 11, but currently is near 4 per meliponary. Little colony propagation (husbandry) was the norm until recently, when initiatives including meliponiculture workshops stimulated more husbandry. Twenty-six percent of beekeepers had less than one year experience and they began meliponaries using wild colonies. Because established meliponicultors were found to very seldom rely on new wild colonies, increased husbandry efforts are necessary to offset natural mortality of managed colonies. Five meliponicultors increased their colonies over 300% in two years (40 to 123 colonies), whereas a 34% loss in nine years (480 to 206 colonies) was found among the individuals randomly surveyed.

Four new species of the genus Olidiana are described and illustrated from the southern part of China (Oriental Region): Olidiana clavispinata Fan and Dai, new species, O. dendritica Fan and Dai, new species, O.longa Fan and Dai, new species, O. longiforma Fan and Dai, new species.