Four species of coccidia are described which were found in Kobus defassa Rüppel, in the National Park Albert (Zaïre). These coccidia appear to be different from any of the coccidia so far described in African ruminants and seem to represent new species. For three of these the authors propose the names Eimeria kobi, E. congolensis and E. katangensis.

The fourth species is reported as Eimeria sp. because it was not possible to appreciate the morphology of the sporocysts completely.

Three species of coccidia found in forest duikers (Cephalophus) in the forest of Ituri (Zaïre) are described. They do not appear to be identical with any of the coccidia already described in African ruminants and seem to represent new species for which the following names are proposed: Eimcria cephalophi (found in C. monticola), E. iturina (found in C. monticola), and E. turnbulli (found in C. dorsalis, C. monticola and C. nigrifrons). In addition this would be the first report of coccidia in the genus Cephalophus.

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis was diagnosed in rainbow fingerlings (Salmo gairdneri kamloops) during an epizootic at a hatchery in Montana. Microscopic pathology and effects of the causative virus in cell culture are described.

White-tailed and mule deer sera from North Dakota were tested for the presence of neutralizing titers against 15 different arboviruses. Positive reactions in both species were obtained to eight viruses, five of which had not been previously recognized in the state. There was no significant difference (Chi square P.05) in the reactor levels of the two deer species to any of the viruses. Geographically, three of the viruses appeared to be limited to western North Dakota, while the other five were detected statewide.

A study was conducted on elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness and adjoining primitive area of the Clearwater drainage of Idaho over a 3 year period, 1969-1972.

Midwinter examination of cows in this herd indicated the pregnancy rate was high, but game counts showed only 15 to 20 calves per 100 cows indicating that the losses occurred around or after calving.

A serologic survey did not indicate the presence of antibodies to the agents of brucellosis, leptospirosis, vibriosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis or bovine virus diarrhea. Positive complement fixation reactions for anaplasmosis were present in nearly 50% of the animals tested; however, many of the serums were anticomplementary.

Blood chemistry determinations were made on all elk and compared with the values obtained from captive elk. Similar values were noted in the captive and wild elk in calcium phosphorous ratio, glucose and total protein. Dissimilarity occurred with cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, albumen, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and serum oxalacetic transaminase values.

Six drugs were fed continuously to susceptible trout held in known Myxosoma cerebralis contaminated water in an attempt to prevent infection. Drug efficacy was judged by comparing numbers of spores which developed in medicated and non-medicated fish. Fish after having been fed furazolidone in two tests had fewer spores than the other groups.

Following an epizootic of septicemic pasteurellosis in a herd of American bison in 1965, calves have been vaccinated each fall. There have been no further signs of the disease. Results of bacteriological and serological studies on this herd are reported. Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica were not isolated from nasal cavities. Antibodies against P. multocida serotypes 1 (pronghorn strain), 2 (vaccine strain), and 4 (black bear strain) were detected in serum samples from some bison. No antibodies were detected against serotype 3, a bovine strain originally isolated from the lung of a calf. All serum samples contained antibodies against parainfluenza-3 virus.

Fifty-three caribou (Rangifer tarandus) were electrocuted by lightning in the Alaska Range in early June 1972. A giant Lichtenberg pattern, found engraved onto the Arctc tundra terrain at the kill site, is described. It is estimated that an event of this type would be expected to occur in Alaska at a frequency of once every several decades.

Blood and ticks were collected from 31 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) in three bovine anaplasmosis enzootic areas of Oregon. Blood from each deer was inoculated into nonsplenectomized anaplasmosis-free calves to determine whether latent anaplasmosis was present. Each of five calves received blood from five and one received blood from six deer. Anaplasmosis did not occur in any of the calves during a 106 to 111 day post-inoculation observation period. The susceptibility of the calves was subsequently challenged with blood from an infected (Anaplasma marginale) carrier. All proved susceptible based on blood parasitemia, reduced packed cell volume, and reduced hemoglobin values. These observations were subsequently confirmed when the calves became seropositive to the card and complement-fixation tests.

Ticks, most of which were Dermacentor albipictus were collected from the deer and fed on anaplasmosis-free splenectomized calves. None of the calves became infected.

Both the card and complement fixation tests proved unreliable when conducted on mule deer serum.

Lesions in the pelt of a beaver (Castor canadensis) contained organisms which were probably members of the genus Prototheca.

A silver-like substance was observed to stain the buccal surface of all the maxillary and mandibular teeth of 3 of 17 raccoons from southern Florida. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis showed that the silver material was aluminum.

Sera from 71 adult channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), with a history of channel catfish virus (CCV) association, were assayed for CCV neutralization activity. Sixty-seven serum samples had positive CCV neutralization indices. Sera from 10 fish with no known history of CCV exposure, showed no evidence of virus neutralization activity. Viable CCV was not isolated from 232 organs or excretory products of studied fish. Serum from channel catfish experimentally immunized with viable CCV reached peak neutralization indices 60 days after virus injection. Detection of CCV serum neutralization activity can afford a possible method of identifying channel catfish populations with a previous exposure to CCV.

Lymphocystis is described for the first time from Africa. Lymphocystis infected cells formed clusters on the tails of cichlid fishes from East African lakes. Small rounded inclusion bodies and many large vacuoles were observed in the cytoplasm of the hypertrophied cells.

Eighteen white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were immobilized with a single intramuscular injection of etorphine hydrochloride (20 μg/kg of body weight) and xylazine (0.4 mg./kg. of body weight). The deer ranged in age from 6 months to 8 years and some were in poor physical condition. The drugs were administered in syringes projected with a CO₂-powered gun. Time required for immobilization was satisfactory and deer were calm while the drugs took effect. Etorphine and xylazine provided adequate sedation and immobilization of the deer for minor surgical procedures, handling and transporting. Reversal of etorphine with cyprenorphine hydrochloride was prompt and the deer remained calm during early ambulation. Results were satisfactory except when insufficient doses of the combination were given, or when deer were exhausted at time of drug administration.

Comparison is made of values obtained from blood samples collected from six captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns when physically restrained and immobilized with simultaneous intramuscular injection of etorphine HC1 and xylazine. Significant decrease (P < 0.001) was found in erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration of fawns approximately 39 minutes after injection. Slight decrease in serum total protein concentration and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) levels were noted; Wintrobe indexes, leukocyte count, and serum iron and total iron binding capacity were unchanged.

Blood gas analyses of blood collected from 8 deer indicated that PO₂, PCO₂ and HCO₃ values remained constant during the period of immobilization.

A tree boa (Sanzania Madagascariensis) developed a fatal respiratory disease 3 months after importation from Madagascar. Twelve adult pentastomids, Armillifer brumpti Giglioli 1922, and numerous pentastomid ova were found in the lung and air sac. Chronic irritation of the lung by the parasite and a bacterial infection probably caused death. A literature search indicated that this is the first recorded observation of A. brumpti in the Americas, and that Armillifer species have not been found in native American snakes.

Multiple defects consisting of disproportionate dwarfism, internal hydrocephalus, porencephaly, inferior brachygnathia, multiple hepatic cysts and renal dysplasia with cystic tubular dilation, were diagnosed in a fetus from an apparently normal wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Electron microscopic examination of an extract of oral papillomas from a coyote revealed a virus morphologically similar to the papovaviruses, consisting of unenveloped, round capsids of cubic symmetry, 47-57 nm in diameter. An accurate count of capsomeres was not possible.

The life cycle of Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolfi 1819), as it exists in North Park, Colorado, is elucidated. California gulls (Larus californicus), common mergansers (Mergus merganser) and Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) act as definitive hosts. Two species of water snails, Physa gyrina and Lymneae elodes, act as first intermediate hosts with seven species of fish as second intermediate hosts: brassy minnows (Hybognathus hankinsoni), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), mackinaw (Salvelinus namaycush), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), western long nose suckers (Catostomus catostomus) and western white suckers (C. commersoni). Infection of fish by larvae of D. spathaceum results in cataracts of the lens and impaired vision.

The causes of mortality and other post-mortem findings from 31 free-living and 12 captive East African raptors of 20 species are reported. Seventeen (39.5%) died as a result of trauma and only 4 (9.3%) of infectious disease (acid-fast bacterial infection, aspergillosis, nocardiosis, coliform pneumonia and pancreatitis). Other conditions encountered were anaesthetic overdose, predation, starvation, dehydration, cloacal impaction, pulmonary congestion and osteodystrophy. The causes of mortality are compared with those reported in similar surveys from other parts of the world.

Fourteen woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus terraenovae) were released into a game reserve occupied by white-tailed deer (Odocoiles virginianus) with a high prevalence of the meningeal worm (Parelapostrongylus tenius). Within 6 months all of the caribou had succumbed to this parasite. The clinical, pathological, and epizootiological findings associated with this die-off are described.