A liverwort and hornwort checklist is provided for Peru. The list is based on over 800 literature references, including monographs, regional studies, and molecular investigations. We report 702 accepted species (including 75 species here reported as new to Peru), 41 doubtful species and 60 rejected species previously reported for Peru. This is a substantial increase from the 508 species reported in the previous checklist published in 1984. We validate one name and typify 23 taxa and identify over 100 more names in need of typification. Peru, due to its diverse physical geography and climate, harbours remarkable biodiversity. However, the knowledge of its liverwort flora (and bryoflora in general) remains limited compared to vascular plants, birds, mammals and herpetofauna. We predict that further fieldwork, coupled with scrutiny of collections in Peruvian and other herbaria, will enhance the number of new liverwort records for the country, in particular the addition of regionally widespread species recorded in neighbouring country checklists but not yet from Peru.