Lophostachys guatemalensis Donnell Smith is recorded for the first time from Mexico. The species was collected in several localities of tropical semi-evergreen forest from the coast of the state of Oaxaca. The specimens found here have flower characters and capsules somewhat longer than those previously described for the species. Because they show a noteworthy disjunction, a new variety, L. guatemalensis var. chontalensis S. Acosta Castellanos & A. Saynes V., is proposed for the Oaxacan populations.

The new species Brachystelma nutans Bruyns (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) is described from the botanically relatively little-known Mount Namuli complex in the northern part of Zambézia Province of northern Moçambique.

Three new species, Euphorbia namuliensis Bruyns, E. marrupana Bruyns, and E. stenocaulis Bruyns (Euphorbiaceae), are described from the botanically poorly known northern parts of Moçambique.

Agave vazquezgarciae Cházaro & J. A. Lomelí, a new species from the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve, Sierra de Cacoma, and Sierra de Cuale in southern Jalisco, Mexico, is described and illustrated. It belongs to subgenus Littaea (Tagliabue) Baker, group Amolae, and appears to be closely related to A. pedunculifera Trelease, which also occurs in western Mexico, including Jalisco. It differs from the latter in having a taller spike, much larger flowers, and firm, fibrous leaves that are narrower and have a larger, stouter terminal spine.

Morphometric analysis of the Guarea glabra Vahl complex (Meliaceae) from Central America has distinguished 12 species, and two of these species are new to the complex: G. arcuata Coronado and G. petenensis Coronado. In addition, three species discovered to be superficially similar to the members of the G. glabra complex are found to be undescribed: G. gentryi Coronado, G. mexicana Coronado, and G. zarceroensis Coronado. The five new species are described below.

The Australian species of the bottlebrush genus Callistemon R. Brown are not sufficiently distinct from Melaleuca L. for Callistemon to be maintained as a separate genus. The primary character states used to justify maintenance of Callistemon are that its staminal filaments are free and not grouped. This breaks down as fused filaments in five groups, the defining features of Melaleuca, occur in some Callistemon species. Therefore, it is concluded that the two genera should be combined. The following new names are proposed for species being treated in a forthcoming account of Melaleuca for Flora of Australia: M. faucicola Craven, M. flammea Craven, M. orophila Craven, M. paludicola Craven, M. salicina Craven, M. virens Craven, and M. williamsii Craven. The following new combinations are established as transferred from Callistemon: M. brachyandra (Lindley) Craven, M. chisholmii (Cheel) Craven, M. comboynensis (Cheel) Craven, M. flavovirens (Cheel) Craven, M. formosa (S. T. Blake) Craven, M. montana (S. T. Blake) Craven, M. pachyphylla (Cheel) Craven, M. pearsonii (R. D. Spencer & Lumley) Craven, M. phoenicea (Lindley) Craven, M. pityoides (F. Mueller) Craven, M. polandii (F. M. Bailey) Craven, M. recurva (R. D. Spencer & Lumley) Craven, M. shiressii (Blakely) Craven, and M. subulata (Cheel) Craven. The following new combinations are also established from Metrosideros: Melaleuca linearifolia (Link) Craven, M. linearis var. pinifolia (Wendland) Craven, M. pallida (Bonpland) Craven, and M. rugulosa (Schlechtendal ex Link) Craven. Issues concerning a name in Melaleuca for the accepted species presently known as Callistemon glaucus (Bonpland) Sweet are mentioned.

The new species Senecio glandulifer Dematteis & Cristóbal (Asteraceae) from the open forest of northeastern Argentina is described and illustrated. The new entity belongs to the S. pinnatus complex, and it is distinguished from related species by the glandular hairs and somewhat fleshy leaves. In addition, S. glandulifer presents a chromosome number of 2n  =  40, which distinguishes it from the closely related S. pinnatus Poiret with 2n  =  80.

Dendropanax caudatus Fiaschi, a new species from the rain forests of Espírito Santo, Brazil, is here described and illustrated. It resembles D. bahiensis Fiaschi, from which it can be distinguished by its smaller fruits and by the leaf blades, which have caudate to long-acuminate apices.

Three new species of Elvasia DC. (E. gigantifolia Fraga & Saavedra, E. kollmannii Fraga & Saavedra, and E. capixaba Fraga & Saavedra) from the Brazilian Atlantic forests of Espírito Santo are described and illustrated. The diagnostic characters of each species and their similarities with other species are discussed. In addition, this paper provides an emended key for species of subgenus Hostmannia (Planchon) Planchon.

A new species, Baccharis coronata Giuliano, from Santa Catarina, Brazil, is described and illustrated. This species, belonging to section Oblongifoliae, is distinguished by its axillary compound corymbs crowned by the upper leaves.

Since the 19th century, the taxonomic identity of Musa rosea Baker has been uncertain to most botanists. Review of the history and descriptions of M. rosea based on the work of different scientists from 1893 to the present was done to establish its true identity. Musa angcorenis Gagnepain has been even more obscure since the early 20th century. The aim of this study was to clarify the taxonomic history, identity, and the synonymy of M. angcorensis and M. rosea, with M. angcorensis determined to be a synonym of M. rosea. A lectotype of M. rosea is designated here, and M. angcorensis is synonymized to M. rosea.

Bulbophyllum dulongjiangense X. H. Jin, a new species from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is related to B. gyrochilum Seidenfaden but differs from it by having larger flowers, longer lateral sepals to 2.3 cm with the dorsal sepal to 1.4 cm, falcate column stelids to 1.5 mm, and lip with two dorsal ridges.

The new species Combretum wilksii Jongkind from Gabon is described. The species belongs to Combretum Loefling sect. Combretum. The combination of the almost flat upper receptacle, the subcircular, glabrous petals ca. 2 mm long, and the glabrous disk distinguishes this species from all other Combretum species in Africa and, more particularly, from related Gabonese species such as C. scandens Liben, C. polyanthum Jongkind, and C. demeusii De Wildeman.

Myrcia inconspicua L. Kollmann & Sobral, a new species from montane forests of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, is described and illustrated. The species is characterized by solitary, axillary flowers, an uncommon feature in the genus, and by its shrubby habit and dense red-brown indument of branches and leaves. It is tentatively related to Myrcia anomala Cambessèdes, a subshrub from southern and central Brazil that occasionally bears solitary flowers.

A new species belonging to Croton L. sect. Eluteria Grisebach (Euphorbiaceae) is described from, and endemic to, the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. The species is named C. mayanus B. L. León & Vester after the Mayan zone where it is mainly found. It is distinguished from C. niveus Jacquin, C. reflexifolius Kunth, and C. pseudoniveus Lundell, the species that it most closely resembles, by its combination of lepidote hairs on the fruit, smooth fruit surface, leaves glabrescent abaxially, and fruiting pedicels 8–13 mm long.

Solanum scabrum Miller has been reported almost exclusively from cultivation as a vegetable for human consumption. However, molecular and morphological data indicate that a wild taxon exists in Uganda. This wild taxon was previously identified as the poisonous S. nigrum L., but local people use its leaves as food. This taxon is here described as a new subspecies, S. scabrum Miller subsp. laevis Olet. Morphological descriptions and a key to separate the two subspecies of S. scabrum are given.

Cyperus vandervekenii Reynders, Dhooge & Goetghebeur, from Rwanda, is fully described and illustrated. It can easily be distinguished from the related Cyperus graciliculmis Lye by its slender subquadrangular culms, single pseudolateral spikelets, and by the associated bract shorter than the spikelet.

Kyllinga beninensis Samain, Reynders & Goetghebeur, a new species of Cyperaceae from the Borgou-Sud region of Bénin, is fully described and illustrated. This species can be recognized by the slender habit with swollen stem base, the tiny white head consisting of a single spike, and the spikelets with two glumes and one flower. Morphological differences with the species K. microbulbosa Lye from East Africa, to which K. beninensis bears a superficial resemblance, are discussed.

Myrcia clavija Sobral, Myrciaria pilosa Sobral & Couto, Plinia longiacuminata Sobral, and Plinia subavenia Sobral are newly described and illustrated. Myrcia clavija, from montane forests of Minas Gerais, is related to M. hexasticha Kiaerskou, from which it differs by its 6-verticillate leaves, persistent bracteoles, and aristate calyx lobes. Myrciaria pilosa, from rocky fields of Bahia and forests of Minas Gerais, is close to M. floribunda (H. West ex Willdenow) O. Berg, differing by the pubescence of its leaves and flowers. Plinia longiacuminata and P. subavenia were collected from rainforests in coastal Bahia and Espírito Santo; the former is close to P. edulis (Vellozo) Sobral, differing from it by glabrous twigs and smaller leaves, and the latter is close to P. involucrata (O. Berg) McVaugh, from which it is distinguished by the glabrescence of leaves and fruits and by blades with the midvein adaxially sulcate. Comments on the conservation status of the species are also provided.

Siphoneugena delicata Sobral & Proença (Myrtaceae), from the montane Atlantic forests of the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais, is described and illustrated. The new species is related to S. guilfoyleiana Proença, known until now only from the restinga vegetation in the state of São Paulo, and S. reitzii D. Legrand, from montane habitats from southern Brazil. It is distinguished from both by the shrubby habit, smaller leaves to 12 mm long with the midvein plane or sulcate adaxially, and clearly apiculate flower buds. Additionally, it is set apart from S. guilfoyleiana by the puberulous branches and deciduous bracteoles and from S. reitzii by the markedly rugose bark.

Two new species of Bauhinia L. (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) are described and illustrated: B. miriamae R. Torres endemic to Oaxaca, and B. wunderlinii R. Torres from México, Belize, and Honduras. Similarities to and differences from B. divaricata L. are discussed for both species; all three belong to section Bauhinia. With these novelties, Bauhinia sect. Bauhinia comprises approximately 20 species and is most diverse in Mexico, where there are 19 native and 14 endemic species.