Alsobia baroniae L. E. Skog & Barrie, a new species of Alsobia Hanst. (Gesneriaceae: Episcieae), is described from the karst region of central Belize. The new species is endemic to Belize, known from but a few collections, and is distinguished from the other three known species of Alsobia mainly by its larger leaves, 10–26 cm long, and its densely pilose corolla. The genus is now expanded to four species. A synopsis of the genus is given, including descriptions of the genus and known species and a key to species.

Phantomia vadimii S. He & W. R. Buck, a new moss genus and species, is described from Lào Cai Province, northern Vietnam. The new taxon is characterized by its abruptly convolute leaf shoulders; the presence of a median row of stereid cells in the upper lateral costal cross sections; a weakly differentiated marginal border at the leaf base; and the absence of a central strand in the stem. The new genus shares some characteristics with Chorisodontium (Mitt.) Broth. in having a narrow basal costa that flares outward at the midleaf and persistent, inflated alar cells. It also has an anatomical similarity to the leaf costal cross sections (especially the upper leaf costa) of Dicranodontium Bruch & Schimp. The similarities and differences of the new genus in comparison with the genera of Campylopodioideae and Dicranoideae are discussed.

Mediusella bernieri (Baill.) Hutch. [≡ Leptolaena bernieri Baill.] has long been recognized as a distinct species, but its typification has remained inadequate up until now. To address this issue, a lectotype is designated here from among the most suitable original material.

Valeriana vilcabambensis Sylvester & Barrie (Valerianaceae), here described and illustrated, is found as a common constituent of the herbaceous layer in humid, high-elevation montane forests of the Cordilleras Urubamba and Vilcabamba, Peru, which are inaccessible to grazing livestock and the spread of human-induced ground fires. The species is unique in its combination of erect, simple, woody stems to 80 cm tall; pinnate-pinnatisect leaves with elliptic to obovate entire leaflets and usually with a gradually pinnatipartite apex; cymose inflorescence with purpletinged white flowers and purple anthers; and glabrous pappose fruits. A key is provided to help distinguish it from other Peruvian species with cymose or cymosepaniculate inflorescences and pinnate, pinnatisect, or deeply pinnatifid leaves.

Streptocarpus peltatus Randrian., Phillipson, Lowry & Mich. Möller (Gesneriaceae) is described as a new species from southeastern Madagascar. It differs from other Malagasy members of the genus by its distinctly peltate leaves that are glabrous on both surfaces and by the absence of staminodes. It is only known from a small area of mid-elevation humid forest on the eastern slopes of the Vohimena Range in southeastern Madagascar. An illustration and color images are provided along with a distribution map and a risk of extinction assessment following the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, which indicates a status of Critically Endangered.

Se describe una nueva especie de Limonium Mill.: L. albarracinense Pau ex P. P. Ferrer & R. Roselló. (Plumbaginaceae) para los substratos yesososalinos de las localidades de Royuela (Sierra de Albarracín) y Villarquemado (Comunidad de Teruel) en la provincia de Teruel (España). Se aporta una lámina y una tabla donde se compara con otros taxones muy próximos morfológicamente.

En el marco de una revisión de Chorizanthe R. Br. ex Benth. (Polygonaceae—Eriogonoideae) para el proyecto Nueva Flora de Chile, se describen cinco especies nuevas para la ciencia: C. gajardoi Teillier & Macaya, C. mieresii Teillier & Macaya, C. navasiae Teillier & Macaya, C. novoana Teillier & Macaya y C. rosasii Teillier & Macaya, se trata de hierbas perennes o subarbustos, caméfitos. Las cinco especies son endémicas del norte de Chile y crecen entre las regiones administrativas de Coquimbo y Valparaíso. Como todas las especies leñosas o herbáceas perennes del género en el país, ellas pertenecen al subgénero Chorizanthe.

Amorphophallus ravenii V. D. Nguyen & Hett., a new species of Araceae, is described from material collected in Vang Vieng District, Vientiane Province, Laos. This species is similar to A. khammouanensis A. Galloway and A. croatii Hett. & A. Galloway, but differs by having an appendix about half the length of the male zone, stigmas about 1.5 times as broad, unwinged rachises of the decompound leaf blade, and a subglobose tuber.

Cybianthus condorensis Pipoly & Ricketson, a new species from the Cordillera del Condor of Ecuador and Peru, is described herewith. Because of its alternate, coriaceous, and revolute leaves; scattered to densely appressed lepidote branchlets, inflorescence rachises, and calyces; subsessile pistillate flowers; and sandy habitat, this species is easily recognized.

Three species of Manihot Mill. from Brazil, M. decurrens M. Mend. & M. Martins, M. pandurata M. Mend. & M. Martins, and M. sagittata M. Mend. & M. Martins, are described and illustrated as new based on qualitative morphological characters observed from herbarium material, complemented with in situ observations of M. sagittata. Morphological characteristics of the new taxa, as well as morphological comparisons with closely related species and comments on natural distribution and ecological aspects, are provided.

Psychotria L. subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm. (Rubiaceae) has been shown by morphological and molecular analyses to be polyphyletic. Most of its species, including its type, belong to Palicourea Aubl. Some of its species have previously been transferred to Palicourea, and several more are studied and transferred here. The species studied here are classified in a newly circumscribed group that includes the type of Palicourea sect. Bracteiflorae Borhidi and so takes that name but differs in circumscription from it. This new circumscription of Palicourea sect Bracteiflorae includes 51 species of shrubs and small trees found in wet vegetation from southern Mexico and the Antilles to Brazil and Bolivia, and is diagnosed by a combination of stipule, inflorescence, and fruit characters. Its center of diversity is now in the Andean region. Twelve previously described species are newly transferred to Palicourea here, and analysis here clarifies the identity and circumscription of several of these. The 23 species newly described here are documented from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The replacement name Palicourea palenquensis C. M. Taylor is published for the species originally described as Cephaelis gentryi Dwyer. The newly described section Palicourea sect. Egenses C. M. Taylor includes the species of Palicourea sect. Bracteiflorae sensu Borhidi that are excluded from the present circumscription of that section.