During a floristic survey of Araceae species in the Atlantic Forest, Espírito Santo State, southeastern Brazil, we found an unknown species of Anthurium Schott with cordate leaf bases. Here, we describe and illustrate this new species, A. marcusianum Theófilo, L. Kollmann & Sakur., and also provide comments on its ecology, distribution, and conservation status.

A new species of Anthurium Schott sect. Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engl., emend. Croat & Carlsen, A. petiolicarinatum Nadruz, Mantovani & Carlsen, from the Mata Atlântica region of southeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. A distribution map, an updated key to closely related species in the section, and a discussion of conservation threats in the area are provided.

This paper addresses typification of species and infraspecific taxa in the genus Urospatha Schott. Thirteen lectotypifications, one neotypification, and corrections for two type localities are presented and discussed. Additionally, U. friedrichsthaliana Schott (a probable synonym of Sagittaria latifolia Willd.) is lectotypified.

This paper presents and discusses nomenclatural novelties concerning names of Atlantic Forest species of Anthurium Schott sect. Urospadix Engl. in subsection Obscureviridia Engl. Nine lectotypifications, four neotypifications, one correction of authorship, and one clarification of a type are presented and discussed, and four designations are noted not to have been validly published.

This study describes and illustrates three new species of Anthurium Schott sect. Urospadix Engl. subsect. Obscureviridia Engl. from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil: A. temponiae Nadruz & Theófilo, A. martinellii Nadruz & Theófilo, and A. erythrospathaceum Nadruz & Theófilo. Information about their conservation status within priority areas of the Atlantic Forest is included, together with distribution maps and an updated key to the species of subsection Obscureviridia.

A new species, Philodendron montemariense Croat, J. J. Percy & Carrascal, is described from the Reserva Forestal Protectora Serranía de Coraza, in the department of Sucre, Colombia. The species is a member of subgenus Philodendron, section Philodendron, series Fibrosa Croat. It is most similar to P. asplundii Croat & M. L. Soares, but has stems with fewer persisting cataphyll fibers and more broadly ovate leaf blades, which typically dry gray above and grayish yellow-green below, and which have fewer primary lateral veins that are undulated on the upper surface when dried.

A review of the aroid tribe Caladieae is presented, and three new species of Caladium Vent. and seven new species of Syngonium Schott are described and illustrated. Two species, C. picturatum K. Koch & C. D. Bouché and C. steudnerifolium Engl., previously considered to be synonymous with C. bicolor (Aiton) Vent., are fully redescribed. New species of Caladium are C. cortesae Croat & E. G. Gonç., C. palaciosii Croat & L. P. Hannon, and C. stevensonii Croat & Delannay. New species of Syngonium are S. adsettiorum Croat, O. Ortiz & J. S. Harrison, S. bastimentoense O. Ortiz & Croat, S. brewsterense Croat & Delannay, S. churchillii Croat & O. Ortiz, S. litense Croat, S. purpureospathum Croat & Raz, and S. tacotalpense Díaz-Jiménez & Croat. Syngonium yurimaguense Engl. is also reported for the first time outside the Amazon Basin.

Nomenclatural changes are presented here to bring generic circumscriptions in line with recent advances in the understanding of phylogenetic relationships within Samydaceae and with the conservation of the name Casearia Jacq. over Samyda Jacq. and Laetia Loefl. ex L. Names of species formerly recognized in Hecatostemon S. F. Blake, Laetia sect. Laetia, Laetia sect. Casinga (Griseb.) Warburg, Samyda, and Zuelania A. Rich. are provided combinations or new names in Casearia, and the appropriate names for species of Casearia sect. Piparea (Aubl.) Benth., when recognized as the separate genus Piparea Aubl., are clarified. One new combination is also provided for Piparea.