Leiodontium geminoserratum S. He & Chantanaorr. (Hypnaceae), a new species from Thailand, is described herein based on distinctive morphological features. The new species resembles L. gracile Broth. from China and Nepal, but differs most notably in having moderately complanate leafy stems and branches, prorate laminal cells, doubly serrate basal leaf margin, and axillary hairs with a globose distal cell. A full description and photographs of the new species are provided.

The name Allium kermesinum Rchb. is typified, and the correct place of publication of the name is discussed. A specimen issued in 1842 of Reichenbach's “Flora Germanica Exsiccata, Centuria XXII: No. 2141,” preserved at HAL, is designated here as the lectotype.

Se describe Dioscorea sinaloensis O. Téllez (Dioscoreaceae) como especie nueva y se ilustra con la fotografía del espécimen tipo. Se conoce de la localidad tipo, en el municipio de Concordia, Sinaloa, México. De acuerdo con la clasificación de Knuth en 1924, pertenece a la sección Apodostemon Uline. Sin embargo, en un estudio filogenético reciente, esta sección se resuelve como grupo polifilético, relacionada con especies de otras “secciones” como Heterostemon Uline, Macrogynodium Uline o Strutantha Uline, o con especies muy distintas morfológicamente. Dioscorea sinaloensis puede ser confundida con D. gallegosi Matuda, D. gomez-pompae O. Téllez, D. megaphylla Ram.-Amezcua, O. Téllez & V. W. Steinm., D. mexicana Scheidw., y D. subtomentosa Miranda, pero se diferencia de ellas claramente.

Passiflora calicicalyx T. Boza & J. M. MacDougal, a new species of Passiflora L. known only from near Cochabamba, Bolivia, is described and illustrated from photographs and dry material. The new species is similar to P. tatei Killip & Rusby but differs by being glabrescent, with glabrous ovary, and entire bracts only toward the base of the peduncle. It is placed in Passiflora subg. Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. sect. Decaloba DC.

Philodendron Schott subg. Philodendron is the largest of three subgenera, with 457 described species, which are mainly distributed in the Andes, Amazonia, Central America, and the Chocó ecoregion. Through the exhaustive revision of herbarium specimens and recent explorations in remote areas of Panama, seven species are described as new to science, P. cerrojefense M. M. Mora & Croat, P. chepiganense O. Ortiz, Croat & Rodr.-Reyes, P. coibense Croat & O. Ortiz, P. darienense O. Ortiz, Croat & Rodr.-Reyes, P. longilobum M. M. Mora & Croat, P. martinezii Croat & O. Ortiz, and P. samudioense Croat & O. Ortiz, and two new records of Philodendron have been identified for Panama, P. anisotomum Schott and P. auriculatum Standl. & L. O. Williams, all belonging to the subgenus Philodendron. For each taxonomic novelty, illustrations, taxonomic information, and notes on its distribution and conservation status are provided.

Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Hippeastrum Herb. (Amaryllidaceae), H. lara-ricoi L. Moya, D. Villalba & Zent.-Ruiz, una hierba geófita, perenne-bulbosa, con umbela biflora, de color rojo oscuro, que crece en las laderas rocosas del bosque yungueño seco basimontano de Bolivia. Aparentemente está restringida al valle de Chamaca provincia sud Yungas, en el departamento de La Paz (Bolivia). La nueva especie se diferencia de las especies más afines H. escobaruriae (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen e H. yungacense (Cárdenas & I. S. Nelson) Meerow, por su patrón de color y morfología floral.

Three new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Andean Ecuador are here described based upon their morphological characters: Z. complexum Reynel, Z. kallunkiae Reynel, and Z. pluvimontanum Reynel & D. Tarazona. They all belong to the most speciose section of the genus, Macqueria Comm. ex Triana & Planch, and within it, they can be distinguished by several characters; each one belongs to a different species group of the mentioned section.

A new species, Impatiens katjae Nob. Tanaka & J. J. Verm. (Balsaminaceae), from Mandalay Region, central Myanmar, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to I. oblongata Ruchis. & Niet in floral morphology, but differs in having distinctly smaller flowers, 2-flowered axillary inflorescences, much paler pinkish-white flowers, two lateral sepals, and a spurless lower sepal. This new species is assigned to Impatiens L. subg. Impatiens sect. Uniflorae Hook. f. & Thomson.

Sloanea pilosa J. E. Guevara is described from material collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon and distinguished by stamen, ovary, foliage, and fruit characters. The new species is also illustrated, and its morphological similarities with other species of Sloanea L. are discussed.

We describe and illustrate Selaginella rachipterygia Valdespino, Cornejo & C. López as a new species found on the inter-Andean eastern slopes of the Central Cordillera of Colombia and on the slopes on both sides of the Andes of Ecuador and compare it to S. flagellata Spring. Selaginella rachipterygia is notable for its often flagelliform branch, stem, and strobilus tips, which are often gemmiferous, and by its lateral leaves perpendicular to the main stems below the first branches, which give the stems the appearance of having wings. In addition, we document the expanded distribution range of S. simplex Baker to include Panama and Ecuador. Finally, we contrast S. simplex with the similarly small-sized species S. correae Valdespino and S. minima Spring, which overlap either in part of or throughout their distribution ranges.

Describimos e ilustramos Selaginella rachipterygia Valdespino, Cornejo & C. López como una nueva especie presente en las laderas orientales interandinas de la Cordillera Central de Colombia y en ambos lados de los Andes de Ecuador, y la comparamos con S. flagellata Spring. Selaginella rachipterygia destaca por sus ápices de las ramas, tallos y estróbilos a menudo flageliformes, los que son gemíferos y por sus hojas laterales perpendiculares a los tallos principales por debajo de las primeras ramas, lo que les da a los tallos la apariencia de tener alas. Además, documentamos la extensión del rango de distribución de S. simplex Baker para incluir Panamá y Ecuador. Finalmente, contrastamos S. simplex con S. correae Valdespino y S. minima Spring, las cuales también se caracterizan por su tamaño pequeño y compartir, en parte o casi totalmente, rangos de distribución similares.

A new combination, Encalypta robbinsii (Sainsbury) Brinda, Ignatov & Fedosov, is established as the correct name for the taxon long known as Bryobartramia novae-valesiae (Broth. ex G. Roth) I. G. Stone & G. A. M. Scott.

Cotoneaster gonggashanensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö (Rosaceae), originally described from Liuba (Sichuan), China, was not validly published in 2009 because two collections were simultaneously indicated as type in the protologue. The name is validated here, by designating one collection kept in K as the holotype.

In Flora Uruguaya, José Arechavaleta described two Uruguayan species of Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae) that I. M. Johnston later placed within Antiphytum DC. ex Meisn. Johnston considered M. uruguayensis Arechav. to be a doubtful species that was probably in Antiphytum, apparently nearest to A. cruciatum (Cham.) DC., whereas he treated M. berroi Arechav. as a synonym of A. stoechadifolium (Cham.) DC. We studied the type specimens and protologues of these two names in Myosotis. We conclude that M. berroi belongs to Antiphytum but is not conspecific with A. stoechadifolium based on eremocarp features, such as pericarp ornamentation and size, together with shorter leaves. We provide an updated circumscription and distribution, publish the new combination A. berroi (Arechav.) N. Mend. & Flores Olv., and clarify the type. A taxonomic key for the South American species of Antiphytum is provided. Myosotis uruguayensis does not belong to Antiphytum due to its shallowly divided calyx entirely covering the immature eremocarps; it retains its uncertain taxonomic status due to the scanty and immature original material and inadequate protologue.

Se describe e ilustra Laplacea plicata G. Moya, N. Miranda, Oleas & C. Ulloa, una especie nueva para la ciencia, restringida a las mesetas de arenisca de la Cordillera del Cóndor en el sureste del Ecuador y se compara con otras dos especies afines morfológicamente: L. tomentosa (Mart.) G. Don y L. spathulata Kobuski. Adicionalmente, se presenta una evaluación preliminar del estado de conservación de L. plicata.

Laplacea plicata G. Moya, N. Miranda, Oleas & C. Ulloa, restricted to the sandstone plateaus of the Cordillera del Cóndor in southeastern Ecuador, is described as a species new to science, illustrated, and compared with other two morphologically similar species: L. tomentosa (Mart.) G. Don and L. spathulata Kobuski. Additionally, a preliminary conservation status assessment of L. plicata is presented.

Two new species of Aspidostemon Rohwer & H. G. Richt. (Lauraceae), A. dorrii van der Werff and A. glaber van der Werff, are described. Aspidostemon dorrii differs from related species in its long pedicels and few-flowered inflorescences. Aspidostemon glaber is distinct by virtue of its glabrous condition and profusely branched, many-flowered inflorescences.

The recent reinstatement of Kalanchoe decumbens Compton as well as the description of K. waterbergensis van Jaarsv. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) necessitate a reassessment of the circumscription of K. rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw., thus far the morphologically most diverse kalanchoe indigenous to southern Africa. Material with bright green, generally orbicular to slightly obovate leaves that hitherto has been included in K. rotundifolia is here split off from the latter. The name K. klopperae Gideon F. Sm. & Figueiredo is published for this material.

Cyperus zikae G. C. Tucker is described as a new species of Cyperus sect. Incurvi Kük. It is known from a single collection from the lowlands of southern Venezuela. Based on morphology, it is most closely related to C. grandi-simplex C. B. Clarke (eastern Brazil), from which it differs in scabrid culms, papillate involucral bracts, lanceolate-deltate floral scales with scabrid apex, one stamen per flower, longer stigmas, and papillate achenes.

Cyperus zikae G. C. Tucker se describe como una nueva especie de la sección Incurvi Kük. Se conoce de una sola muestra de las tierras bajas del sur de Venezuela. Utilizando la morfología, está más estrechamente relacionado con C. grandi-simplex C. B. Clarke (nativa del este de Brasil), del cual difiere en tallos escabridos, brácteas involucrales papiladas, escamas florales lanceoladas-deltadas, con ápice escamoso, estambre uno por flor, estigmas más largos y nueces papilares.

The lectotype of Gnaphalium viravira Feuillée ex Molina [≡ Pseudognaphalium viravira (Feuillée ex Molina) Anderb.] is designated here based on the original illustration of the species, which has gone unnoticed for 240 years. In addition, an epitype for this name is proposed.

Se designa aquí el lectotipo de Gnaphalium viravira Feuillée ex Molina [≡ Pseudognaphalium viravira (Feuillée ex Molina) Anderb.] con base en la ilustración original de la especie que ha pasado inadvertida durante 240 años. Además, se propone un epitipo para este nombre.

Passiflora ornithoura Mast. var. chiapasensis J. M. MacDougal from northern Mesoamerica is recognized as a distinct species in section Decaloba DC. and elevated to specific rank as P. ilamo J. M. MacDougal & MacVean. An updated description of the species is given, illustrated by photographs from the field and accompanied by a geographic range map and citation of specimens.

Passiflora ornithoura Mast. var. chiapasensis J. M. MacDougal nativa del norte de Mesoamérica es reconocida como una especie distinta en la sección Decaloba DC. y elevada al rango de especie como P. ilamo J. M. MacDougal & MacVean. Se proporciona una descripción actualizada de la especie, ilustrada con fotografías de campo y acompañada de un mapa de distribución geográfica con citas de especímenes.

We describe and illustrate the new species Impatiens butu Gavin-Sm. (Balsaminaceae) from the South Pare Mountains and I. ndovu Gavin-Sm. from the Nguru Mountains of Tanzania and compare them with morphologically similar and sympatric species of Impatiens L. Both localities are within the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania, a well-known center of plant species richness and high endemism.

Resulting from the synopsis of Mandevilla Lindl. (Apocynaceae) in the states of Goiás and Brasília, Brazil, lectotypes are designated for 33 names: Amblyanthera versicolor (Stadelm.) Müll. Arg. var. stenosolen Müll. Arg., Angadenia reticulata Miers, Dipladenia acicularis K. Schum., D. gentianoides A. DC., D. gentianoides var. glabra Müll. Arg., D. gentianoides [var. velutina (Mart. ex Stadelm.) Müll. Arg.] subvar. longiloba Müll. Arg., D. illustris (Vell.) Müll. Arg. subf. hirsuta Müll. Arg., D. linariifolia A. DC., D. myriophyllum Taub. ex Ule, D. polymorpha Müll. Arg. subvar. glabra Müll. Arg., D. polymorpha var. intermedia Müll. Arg., D. tenuifolia (J. C. Mikan) A. DC. var. puberula A. DC., D. tenuifolia var. volubilis A. DC., D. tetradenia Rusby, D. vincaeflora Lem., Echites alexicacus Mart. ex Stadelm., E. illustris Vell., E. longiflorus Desf., E. maranhamensis G. Don, E. pastorum Mart. ex Stadelm., E. pohlianus Stadelm., E. pohlianus var. latifolius Stadelm., E. pubiflorus G. Don, E. pulchellus Gardner ex Hook., E. rosa-campestris Endl., E. rugosus Benth., E. spigeliiflorus Stadelm., E. tenuifolius J. C. Mikan, E. versicolor Stadelm., E. virescens A. St.-Hil., Macrosiphonia martii Müll. Arg., Macrosiphonia velame (A. St.-Hil.) Müll. Arg. var. goyazensis Müll. Arg., and Mandevilla barretoi Markgr. Eight second-step lectotypifications are completed for Echites coccineus Hook. & Arn., E. petreus A. St.-Hil., E. pinifolius A. St.-Hil., E. velame A. St.-Hil., Laseguea erecta (Vell.) Müll. Arg. subf. griseo-olivacea Müll. Arg., L. erecta var. glabrescens Müll. Arg., Macrosiphonia verticillata Müll. Arg. var. intermedia Müll. Arg., and Macrosiphonia verticillata var. peduncularis Müll. Arg. A neotype is designated for Amblyanthera versicolor (Stadelm.) Müll. Arg. var. olivacea Müll. Arg. Two new synonymies are proposed: Mandevilla barretoi Markgr. under M. tenuifolia (J. C. Mikan) Woodson, and M. bradei Markgr. under M. spigeliiflora (Stadelm.) Woodson.

A synopsis of Tridactyle Schltr. (Orchidaceae) in São Tomé and Príncipe is presented. We recognize nine species in São Tomé and Príncipe, including four new species. We describe here T. amadorii D'haijère, T. cocophila D'haijère, T. levelevis D'haijère & Stévart, and T. oboensis D'haijère & Stévart. Tridactyle armeniaca (Lindl.) Schltr., recorded by previous studies, is native to West Africa and is not found in São Tomé and Príncipe. Tridactyle exhibits an important diversification in São Tomé and Príncipe, with seven species being endemic (endemism rate > 75%). Here, new records are registered; the natural distribution ranges, habitat, ecology, and conservation status based on IUCN guidelines are detailed for all species; two names are lectotypified; and an identification key is provided.