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28 February 2024 The spatiotemporal properties of artificial feeding schemes influence the post-fledging movement of Egyptian Vultures
Korin Reznikov, Ron Efrat, Oded Berger-Tal, Nir Sapir
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Many vulture populations have severely declined in the past decades, showing high juvenile mortality. To support these populations, feeding stations are used to increase food availability and to supply food without antibiotics and toxic compounds. Yet, supplying food at feeding stations may affect vulture behavior. We present a large-scale field experiment testing how different food provision schemes affected the movement of Egyptian Vultures (Neophron percnopterus). We used GPS transmitters harnessed to 18 vulture chicks and described their movements post-fledging. We categorized the vultures into 3 groups according to the feeding scheme used at feeding stations near their nests: frequent and spatially dispersed food supply (FD); non-frequent and spatially dispersed food supply (NFD); and frequent food supply, concentrated in one location (FC). We found that birds from all three groups increased their roosting distances from the nest with fledgling age, with the NFD and FC groups showing a greater increase than the FD group. Additionally, all 3 groups increased their daily flight distances, with the NFD group presenting the largest increase and the FD group presenting the smallest increase. Our findings offer new insights into the relevance of spatiotemporal differences in the management of feeding stations and show its effect on movement during birds' early life stages, creating 2 main movement patterns: local and regional. Our findings can help decide upon the preferable feeding scheme in a way that will either encourage or reduce the early dispersal distances of fledglings, according to long- and short-term conservation objectives. For example, local movements during the post fledging period to known and stable food resources may reduce the risk of anthropogenic-induced mortality, while it may negatively affect long-term survival by hindering foraging, flight, and exploring skills and affect dispersion to future breeding sites.

How to Cite

Reznikov, K., R. Efrat, O. Berger-Tal, and N. Sapir (2024). The spatiotemporal properties of artificial feeding schemes influence the post-fledging movement of Egyptian Vultures. Ornithological Applications 126:duae010.

LAY SUMMARY

  • Many vulture populations have severely declined in the past decades, showing high mortality rates among juveniles. Some of the main threats include illegal poisoning and reduction of food availability.

  • To support endangered populations, feeding stations are often used as a conservation tool to increase food availability and to supply food that is clean from antibiotics and toxic compounds.

  • We conducted a large-scale field experiment examining how different food provisioning schemes used in vulture feeding stations affected the development of movement behavior of fledgling Egyptian Vultures (Neophron percnopterus).

  • We found that 3 feeding schemes and their differences in food predictability created 2 main movement patterns, local and regional. Application of an intermediate food predictability scheme resulted in juvenile birds that are more prone to local movement, as opposed to juvenile birds hatching next to high and low food predictability areas, which undertook much longer movements.

  • This information reveals the effect of spatiotemporal differences in the management of feeding stations on movement during the birds' early life stage and can help decide upon the preferable feeding scheme in a way that will either encourage or reduce the early dispersal distances of fledglings, according to long- and short-term conservation objectives.

Muchas poblaciones de buitres han disminuido severamente en las últimas décadas, mostrando una alta mortalidad juvenil. Para apoyar estas poblaciones, se utilizan estaciones de alimentación para aumentar la disponibilidad de alimentos y suministrar alimentos sin antibióticos ni compuestos tóxicos. Sin embargo, suministrar alimentos en las estaciones de alimentación puede afectar el comportamiento de los buitres. Presentamos un experimento de campo a gran escala que prueba cómo diferentes esquemas de provisión de alimentos afectaron el movimiento de Neophron percnopterus. Utilizamos transmisores GPS colocados en 18 crías de buitre y describimos sus movimientos posemplumamiento. Categorizamos a los buitres en tres grupos según el esquema de alimentación utilizado en las estaciones de alimentación cerca de sus nidos: suministro de alimentos frecuente y espacialmente disperso (FD); suministro de alimentos no frecuente y espacialmente disperso (NFD); y suministro frecuente de alimentos, concentrado en un lugar (FC). Encontramos que las aves de los tres grupos aumentaron sus distancias de pernocte desde el nido con la edad de emplumamiento, siendo los grupos NFD y FC los que mostraron un mayor aumento que el grupo FD. Además, los tres grupos aumentaron sus distancias de vuelo diarias, siendo el grupo NFD el que presentó el mayor aumento y el grupo FD el que presentó el menor aumento. Nuestros hallazgos ofrecen nuevas ideas sobre la relevancia de las diferencias espacio-temporales en la gestión de las estaciones de alimentación y muestran su efecto en el movimiento durante las etapas tempranas de la vida de las aves, creando dos patrones principales de movimiento: local y regional. Nuestros hallazgos pueden ayudar a decidir sobre el esquema de alimentación preferible de manera que fomente o reduzca las distancias de dispersión temprana de los volantones, de acuerdo con objetivos de conservación a largo y corto plazo. Por ejemplo, los movimientos locales durante el período posemplumamiento hacia recursos alimenticios conocidos y estables pueden reducir el riesgo de mortalidad inducida por la actividad humana, mientras que pueden afectar negativamente la supervivencia a largo plazo al dificultar la alimentación, el vuelo y las habilidades de exploración y afectar la dispersión hacia futuros sitios de reproducción.

Korin Reznikov, Ron Efrat, Oded Berger-Tal, and Nir Sapir "The spatiotemporal properties of artificial feeding schemes influence the post-fledging movement of Egyptian Vultures," Ornithological Applications 126(3), 1-10, (28 February 2024). https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae010
Received: 3 July 2023; Accepted: 6 February 2024; Published: 28 February 2024
KEYWORDS
biotelemetría
Biotelemetry
ecología del movimiento
Egyptian Vulture
estaciones de alimentación
feeding stations
movement ecology
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