Filatima loowita , n. sp. is described from the Pumice Plain on Mount St. Helens in Washington, United States. An apparent specialist on lupine, early instars feed as leaf-miners, while later instars tie leaflets together into silken tunnels and feed externally, mainly on the leaf tissue. The larvae make webbed tunnels, which extend from the root bundles to the uppermost leaves of the plant. Illustrations are provided of the adult male and female genitalia, and chaetotaxal maps of the last-instar larva, supplemented with scanning electron micrographs and images of the host on the volcano.

Two new species of Compsolechia Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), C. camilotus Adamski and C. vittatiella Adamski, are described from dry-forests in western Mexico. Larvae of both species were collected on leaves of Casearia nitida (L.) Jacq. (Flacourtiaceae), a new host record for the genus. Photographs of larvae and their shelters and adult moths are provided. In addition, illustrations of the male and female genitalia of the adults, larval chaetotaxal maps, and scanning electron micrographs for both species are included. The pupa of only C. camilotus was available for description.

Phryganopsychidae (Trichoptera) is a monotypic family found exclusively in Asia. Phryganopsyche wigginsi, new species is described from Vietnam. This is the fourth species recorded for the genus and the second species reported for Vietnam.

Carabid beetles were collected by pitfall trapping from seven different horticultural and agricultural crops (apple, apricot, olive, peach, and walnut orchards, vineyards, and wheat fields) in Turkey. Data were obtained on the number of carabid species in Turkish agricultural landscapes and the influence of habitat type on carabid activity and distribution. A total of 959 ground beetles representing 57 species were captured. Species diversity of individual sites ranged from five in a walnut plantation to 32 in an apple orchard. Species accretion models in two localities gave estimated overall carabid species richnesses of 22–26 species. Comparison of sites and years suggests that the carabid fauna may be determined more by geographic location and altitude than by crop type.

The Diptera fauna of Ozark caves is fairly typical of that found elsewhere in the United States east of the Great Plains. The sphaerocerid Spelobia tenebrarum is the only troglobitic dipteran found in Ozark caves. Probable troglophiles include the mycetophilid Macrocera nobilis, the psychodids Psychoda spp., and the phorid Megaselia cavernicola. The tipulids commonly found in Ozark caves, such as Dactylolabis montana, Dolichopeza spp. and Limonia spp. are probably all trogloxenes, as are the Trichoceridae and Heleomyzidae. The mycetophilids, Exechiopsis umbratica and Rymosia sp., and the culicids are among the most common cave dipterans in the study area. The culicids overwinter in caves and other protected places; they are properly classified as trogloxenes. The main sources of food for cave Diptera are other insects, carrion, guano, and allochthanous plant debris.

The two counties that encompass coastal Alabama were divided into 25 plots, approximately 18 × 16 kilometers in size and surveyed using a single ethanol supplied Malaise trap in each plot. Traps were operated for 1-week intervals once a month from February 2004 through January 2005. Selection of trapping stations was based on sampling as wide a variety of landscape types as possible. Sites ranged from relatively undisturbed secondary forests to agriculturally active lands. A total of 44 species from eight families of Fulgoroidea (Acanaloniidae, Achilidae, Cixiidae, Derbidae, Delphacidae, Dictyopharidae, Flatidae, and Issidae) were collected. Thirty-four of these species were new state records, indicating that the planthopper fauna of Alabama is poorly known.

Meluchopetalops nigrolineatus n. sp., assigned to the coreid tribe Acanthocephalini is described from Colombia, Suriname, and Venezuela as the second member of the genus. New distributional records for Meluchopetalops banausus Breddin are given, and an illustration of the new species and a key to the known species are provided.

Two new species, Malvanaioides decorata and Malvanaioides galvina, are described from Brazil. A key to the known species of Malvanaioides is included.

Records of the distribution and host associations of Caenocholax fenyesi continue to increase. Crematogaster laeviuscula is reported for the first time as a host of male C. fenyesi, increasing the number of known male hosts to seven species in three subfamilies of Formicidae. Additionally, the distribution of C. fenyesi continues to become better known, with a first record from Colombia and additional records from Panama and Mexico added herein. Noted variation in aedeagus morphology from this study and previous evidence of genetic differences suggests that C. fenyesi, which is currently recognized as a monotypic species, is most likely a species complex.

Falsivalva , new genus is described and illustrated. In addition to the previously named type species, “Tinea” prensoria Meyrick, three new species, F. clavata, F. nephophila, and F. paraprensoria, are described. The most conspicuous synapomorphy of Falsivalva is the highly specialized tergum IX (tegumen) of the male, which is greatly enlarged and almost completely divided to resemble the male gonopods (valvae). It is suggested, but not observed, that these paired structures may function either to guide or clasp the female oviscapt during copulation. The genus occurs in both coastal and Andean Nothofagus forests primarily in southern Chile from approximately 35°S in Maule Province south to about 45° in Chiloe Island and east to Neuquén Province, Argentina. The biology is unknown.

Two previously unknown male treehoppers of Cladonota (Lecythifera) bulbosa Flynn and C. (L.) hoffmanni (Peláez) from Mexico are described, compared, and illustrated.

The poorly known European species Janetiella thymi (Kieffer), type species of Janetiella Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is redescribed. Gall makers on grape that were formerly placed in Janetiella are shown to be distinct from that genus and transferred to Vitisiella Fedotova & Kovalev, a genus recently erected for a species on grape in Siberia. Among the distinguishing traits of Vitisiella, more fully characterized here than previously, are the closed costal vein at its juncture with R₅, the deeply divided male hypoproct, and the conspicuous dorsolateral sclerites of the ovipositor. Janetiella brevicauda Felt, also redescribed, and Cecidomyia oenephila Haimhoffen, both previously placed in Janetiella, are newly combined with Vitisiella.

The following five species of Entomoscelis Chevrolat occur in China, two of which are new to science: Entomoscelis pulla Daccordi and Ge, n. sp., E. nigriventris Daccordi and Yang, n. sp., E. adonidis (Pallas), E. orientalis Motschulsky, and E. deserticola Lopatin. The habitus of the new species, the antenna, pronotum, aedeagus, and spermatheca of all species, and the tibiae and tarsi of E. deserticola and E. nigriventris are illustrated. A key to adults, diagnostic characters, descriptions, distribution, and biological notes are presented. Entomoscelis erythrocnema Jacobson, E. pilula Lopatin, E. sacra Linnaeus, and E. suturalis Weise are included in the key because they possibility occur in China. Chrysomelopsila Strand is considered a valid genus, Chrysomelopsila immaculata (Oliver) new combination is transferred from Chrysomela Linnaeus, and Chrysomelopsila ecoffeti (Achard) is a new synonym of Chrysomelopsila immaculata (Oliver).

Southern yellowjackets, Vespula squamosa (Drury) were collected at sites in Guatemala, in the Departments of Baja Verapaz, El Progresso, and Zacapa. Collection localities ranged in elevation from 500 to 1,880 m. These locations were forested, or partially forested with some pasture land and coffee plantings, Coffea arabica L. Two active colonies of this wasp were collected and analyzed in May of 2006. The two colonies were subterranean, and the nests had 9 and 11 layers, respectively, of paper comb completely surrounded with external paper envelope. The two nests included 10,581 and 20,715 cells, with 2,818 and 6,105 workers, 203 and 313 queens, and 790 and 454 males respectively. Samples of queens from each nest were dissected. These included numerous queens that were mated and possessed mature eggs, as well as numbers of queens that were unmated and had no eggs. Workers from each nest showed no ovarian development. The nest sizes and populations of wasps for these colonies were within ranges of those reported for nests of this species in North America.

Two species of Tituacia Walker are reported from China, Tituacia deviella Walker and Tituacia gracilis Li and Zhen, n. sp. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided, along with a key to species.

Eight native and two exotic species of Cerambycidae emerged from dead trunks or occupied pupal cells in live cupressaceous shrubs and trees sampled in New England, New York, and New Jersey between 1998 and 2007. Atimia confusa confusa (Say) developed in three hosts collected in one or more of seven states; Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky) in nine hosts in five states; Callidium frigidum Casey in five hosts in eight states; Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus (Fabricius) in four hosts in five states; and Semanotus ligneus ligneus (Fabricius) in two hosts in Connecticut. Other species that developed exclusively in Juniperus virginiana Linnaeus were Callidium violaceum Linnaeus collected in Maine and New Jersey; Curius dentatus Newman in New Jersey; Oeme rigida rigida (Say) in Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey; Tilloclytus geminatus (Haldeman) in New Jersey; and Urgleptes querci (Fitch) in Connecticut. Overall 5,806 cerambycids developed to adults in four native and six introduced species of Cupressaceae. New distributional and host records are discussed.

Species of the shore-fly genus Glenanthe Haliday from New Mexico are reviewed, including description of G. buchananorum, new species (New Mexico. Chavas: Roswell (9 km E; 33°23.8′N, 104°24′W; Pecos River)). Other species reported from New Mexico are G. caribea and G. salina. A revised key to the New World species is presented.

A new species of Neopetissius O'Donnell from Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Panama, is described and figured. A habitus illustration, and drawings of male and female genitalia are included.

Two new genera, Burmoptera and Drinosa, one new subgenus, Limnophila (Burmolimnophila), and seven new species, Burmoptera azu, Drinosa prisca, Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) joana, Lebania scomax, Limnophila (Burmolimnophila) bora, ?Antocha (?subgen.) lapra and Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) dzeura (Diptera, Limoniidae), are described from Burmese amber. Fragments of two species belonging to the genera Gonomyia (Gonomyia) and Helius are also characterized.

Munroe (1995) included four genera and nine species from the Western Hemisphere in Cybalomiinae. The species were morphologically compared with Cybalomia pentadalis Lederer, the type species of Cybalomia, and all belong to other subfamilies. Accordingly, the following new and revised combinations and/or subfamilial assignments are proposed: Elusia Schaus is returned to Scopariinae; Cybalomia extorris Warren is transferred to Aethiophysa Munroe, Dichochroma Forbes and Schacontia Dyar are transferred to Glaphyriinae; and Cybalomia lojanalis (Dognin) is transferred to Diptychophora Zeller in Crambinae. A lectotype is designated for Platytes lojanalis Dognin. The adults and genitalia are figured for the first time.

The East Asian psyllid Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama) develops mainly on mimosa or silk tree (Albizia julibrissin Durazz.; Fabaceae). First recorded from Europe in 2001, the psyllid was detected in the Nearctic Region at two locales in Georgia, U.S.A, in 2006. Our surveys of mimosa in the southeastern United States in 2007 and 2008 indicate that A. jamatonica is widespread. It is newly reported from Alabama (9 counties), Florida (6), North Carolina (3), South Carolina (12), and Tennessee (4); 19 additional counties are reported for Georgia. The known U.S. distribution of the psyllid is mapped, a taxonomic diagnosis and description are provided to facilitate its recognition in the Nearctic fauna, and notes are given on its seasonality and habits. Also provided are color photographs of an overwintered (dark) and summer (green) adult, eggs, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs, and injury to mimosa leaflets.

Host-plant relationships within the xylem-feeding leafhopper subfamily Cicadellinae (sharpshooters) are little known except for several economically important, mostly polyphagous species. Our fieldwork in the southwestern United States has demonstrated an association of three species of the cicadelline tribe Proconiini with pinyon pines (Pinus, subsection Cembroides). Cuerna curvata Oman and Beamer and C. obtusa Oman and Beamer are associated, respectively, with Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frém. and P. edulis Engelm. We also have confirmed an early report of Oncometopia alpha Fowler feeding on pines, especially P. edulis. Geographic distributions of these sharpshooters correspond to the distributions of their pine hosts. These data add to the few previously known cases of host-plant specialization in sharpshooters and for the first time document an association between sharpshooters and gymnosperms. The association is particularly remarkable because our data suggest that all three species use different angiosperm hosts for oviposition. A dual use of angiosperms and gymnosperms (excluding use of the latter as overwintering sites) appears unique for Cicadellidae. We argue that pinyons provide a reliable source of xylem sap in the semiarid habitats of these sharpshooters but are unsuitable for oviposition.

Microchrysa flaviventris (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), a species widespread in the Old World, is reported from North America for the first time. Apparently it is established in the eastern United States. Specimens were taken in Alexandria, Virginia in August 2007.

The genus Spilogona Schnabl from China is studied. Four new species are described, S. angustifolia Xue and Zhang, S. appendicilia, Xue and Wang, S. minutiocula, Xue and Zhang, and S. setimacula Xue and Wang. A key to the 42 species of Spilogonia in China is provided.