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The purpose of this application, under Article 75.5 of the Code, is to conserve the current usage of the generic name Halitherium Kaup, 1838 and the specific name of its type species, Pugmeodon schinzii Kaup, 1838 (currently Halitherium schinzii), for a taxon of fossil sirenian from Europe by designating a neotype for this nominal species. This is in response to a recent contention that, as nomina dubia, these two names are inapplicable to the two sympatric species of this genus purported to occur around the type locality of H. schinzii in the Mainz Basin and elsewhere in Europe. The existing holotype is an isolated premolar that is not unambiguously determinable to species, but the name Halitherium schinzii has been used in a substantial body of literature extending over nearly two centuries, to the near exclusion of other names, and without taxonomic ambiguity because of reference to other specimens than the type. The desired ends can be attained without sacrificing stability of nomenclature by designating the most suitable reference specimen as the neotype of Pugmeodon schinzii Kaup, 1838 under the plenary power and continuing to use the name Kaupitherium bronni (Krauss, 1858), with its own, different name-bearing type, for the other species.
This application has two purposes. The first, under Article 23.9.5 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name of the binomen Helix unidentataDraparnaud, 1805, a junior primary homonym of Helix unidentataHolten, 1802, by ruling that the former is not thereby invalid. These names are currently in use for two different species of stylommatophoran snails that have not been treated as congeneric since 1898. Helix unidentataDraparnaud, 1805 has been considered the type species of PetasinaBeck, 1847 (Helicoidea, Hygromiidae,) by a majority of authors, whereas Helix unidentataHolten, 1802 is the valid name of Helix ventricosaDe Cristofori & Jan, 1832, the type species of StylodontaDe Cristofori & Jan, 1832 (Acavidae, Rhytidoidea). The second purpose of this application, under Art. 81.1 of the Code, is to clarify the status of PetasinaBeck, 1847 by (a) fixing Helix unidentataDraparnaud, 1805 as its type species and (b) confirming that PetasinaBeck, 1847 is an available name independent of PetasiaBeck, 1837. This is necessary to maintain current usage of not only PetasinaBeck, 1847 but also another frequently used genus-group name, EuconulusReinhardt, 1883 (Euconulidae, Trochomorphoidea). Finally, lectotypes are designated for Helix unidentataDraparnaud, 1805 and Helix edentulaDraparnaud, 1805.
Hiroshi Kajihara, Mark J. Grygier, Sónia C. S. Andrade, Thomas Bartolomaeus, Irina A. Cherneva, Alexei V. Chernyshev, Jörn von Döhren, Christina I. Ellison, Ray Gibson, Gonzalo Giribet, Terra C. Hiebert, Natsumi Hookabe, Juan Junoy, Sebastian Kvist, Svetlana A. Maslakova, Cecili B. Mendes, Jon L. Norenburg, Neonila E. Polyakova, Christina Sagorny, Megan L. Schwartz, Malin Strand, Shichun Sun, James M. Turbeville, Eduardo E. Zattara
The purpose of this application, under Articles 23.9.3, 41, 65.2, and 70.2 of the Code, is to conserve the current usage and year of priority of the name Emplectonematidae Bürger, 1904 for a family of ribbon worms by reversing its precedence with respect to a senior synonym, EunemertidaeJoubin, 1894, and to conserve the current concept and usage of its type genus, EmplectonemaStimpson, 1857, by designating Emplectonema virideStimpson, 1857 as the type species. In preparation for these rulings, a common type species, Nemertes gracilisJohnston, 1837, is designated herein for the nominal genera NemertesJohnston, 1837 (a largely neglected junior homonym of NemertesCuvier, 1816) and EunemertesJoubin, 1894, thereby rendering the latter an objective junior synonym of the former and of its valid substitute name. The type species of NemertesCuvier, 1816 was excluded from Nemertidae sensu McIntosh, 1874 and sensu Hubrecht, 1879, which, having been recognized as a valid grouping by later authors, required a new name. Of the two available candidates, EunemertidaeJoubin, 1894 has been almost unused since the 1900s, whereas EmplectonematidaeBürger, 1904 has been in universal use since its proposal. The latter name has an uncertain date of priority; 1874, 1894 or 1904, depending on whether and how Art. 40.2 applies to it. Emplectonema virideStimpson, 1857, or its senior synonym Emplectonema gracile (Johnston, 1837), has universally been regarded as the type species of Emplectonema since the 1950s; however, two overlooked fixations in 1892 and 1893 of Borlasia camilleaQuatrefages, 1846 as the type species of this genus now threaten the stability of nemertean genus- and family-level taxonomy.
The purpose of the present application, under Articles 74.1.1 and 81.1 of the Code, is to maintain consistent usage of the commonly used name Emoia nigra (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1853) by setting aside a lectotype designation for Gongylus (Eumeces) freycinetiDuméril & Bibron, 1839 by Wells & Wellington in 1985 in favour of a later lectotype designation by Brown in 1991.
There has been, and to some extent remains, confusion over the valid genus name for a group of slugs in the family Veronicellidae, either Vaginulus Férussac, 1822 or Vaginula auctt., often cited as of Berthold, 1827 or sometimes as of Blainville, 1828. We show that Vaginula was first made available as an emendation of Vaginulus Férussac by Hoffman in 1925 (Article 33.2.1 of the Code) and that all previous usages of the name were therefore incorrect subsequent spellings. However, Hoffman's emendation was unjustified (Art. 33.2.3). Vaginulus Férussac is the valid name and Vaginula Hoffman is a junior objective synonym. Vaginula Hoffman is also a junior homonym of VaginulaRisso, 1826 (Protozoa, Foraminifera) and of VaginulaSowerby, 1833 (Gastropoda, Pteropoda).
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