Parammoplanus (Pate) is reviewed and redescribed. Relationships between Parammoplanus, Ammoplanus and Ammoplanellus are discussed. Sixteen new species are described: brooksi, cavifrons, flavidus, foveatus, griswoldi, heydoni, hiatus, irwini, montanus, parkeri, succinacius, texanus, verrucosus, woolleyi, yanegai and zolnerowichi using male genitalia to help designate species limits. The subspecies lenape lenape (Pate) and lenape olamentke (Pate) are raised to the specific level. Two species groups, Irwini and Olamentke are defined. A key to the species is included.

The effect of soil relative water content (SRWC) and air relative humidity (RH) on pupal development, survival, and water-loss dynamics in Bactrocera tau (Walker) were evaluated under experimental conditions. In soils with SRWC of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%, most of the mature larvae (75.83%) selected soil sites with a SRWC of 20–60% to pupate. When SRWC was 40 and 60%, pupae had the shortest pupal duration (7.54 and 7.65 d) and the highest eclosion rate (83.58 and 90.53%), whereas when it reached 100%, all pupae failed to survive. In air of RH 0, 52, 76 and 100%, pupal cumulative water loss increased with increase of the treatment time, and reached up to 63.52% for RH 0%, 45.42% for RH 52%, 34.23% for RH 76% and 10.99 for RH 100% at the last day before eclosion. Cuticular permeability attained to 9.95, 5.90, 3.67 and 0.72 μg/(cm² · h · mmHg) in the first day of pupal life, respectively, and then declined by 36.01, 21.30, 13.26 and 2.63% in the second day. In air at RH 100%, the shortest duration (8.07 d) and the highest survival rate (90.55%) of pupae were attained, while only a few (3.03%) could survive at RH 0%. These results imply that high SRWC and low air RH were unfit for the development and survival of B. tau pupae.