New World members of the genera Toya Distant and Metadelphax Wagner are here revised and the genus Hadropygos n. g. described from South America. Generic limits are discussed, with particular comparison to Syndelphax Fennah. A key to treated genera and species is provided. The type species of Toya, T. attenuata Distant from Sri Lanka, is illustrated and discussed. Among the New World Toya, T. boxi (Muir) and T. venilia (Fennah) are retained in the genus; two species are transferred to Toya from Delphacodes Fieber, Toya idonea (Beamer) new comb. and T. nigra (Crawford) new comb., with Delphacodes axonopi Fennah placed as a new junior synonym of T. nigra. Three new species of New World Toya are described (T. goliai n. sp., T. dietrichi n. sp., and T. recurva n. sp.). Toya iaxartes (Fennah), described from a single specimen from St. Lucia, is here considered nomen dubium as it appears to have been described from a malformed or parasitized specimen. Metadelphax, restored as a genus by Ding (2006), consists of five species: M. propinqua (Fieber) (type species), M. argentinensis new comb., here transferred from Toya, M. pero, here transferred from Syndelphax, M. wetmorei (Muir and Giffard) new comb., here transferred from Delphacodes, plus M. dentata n. sp. Metadelphax bridwelli (Muir), transferred from Toya by Ding (2006), is returned to Toya. Hadropygos n. g., with the single species, H. rhombos n. sp., from the Neotropics bears comparable features to Toya and Metadelphax. Lectotype designations are made for Toya attenuata Distant and Delphax propinqua Fieber. Collectively, 3 genera are treated: Hadropygos n. g., with a single new species, Metadelphax with 5 species (1 new), and Toya with 7 New World species (3 new), excluding T. iaxartes as a nomen dubium.

A new genus, Alinjarria, Rentz et al. is proposed to accommodate two species, one on each side of the Australian continent in the far north. A species originally described in Hemisaga de Saussure, but considered aberrant, is transferred to the new genus. The other is a new species described from Eucalyptus woodland adjacent to rainforests north of Mareeba, Queensland. The placement of the species in the Listroscelidinae, rather than the Austrosaginae, was indicated by the morphology of the eggs of the two species.

One new species of Lomachaeta Mickel and 15 new species of Sphaeropthalma Blake are described from Central America and northern South America: L. garm sp. nov. from Colombia, S. alsvid sp. nov. from Costa Rica, Mexico, Honduras and Nicaragua, S. arvak sp. nov. from Mexico and Guatemala, S. chupacabra sp. nov. from Mexico, S. freki sp. nov. from French Guiana, S. geri sp. nov. from Colombia, S. gullinbursti sp. nov. from Mexico, S. gulltopp sp. nov. from Colombia, Trinidad, and Venezuela, S. hati sp. nov. from Mexico and Guatemala, S. hrimfaxi sp. nov. from Costa Rica, S. hugin sp. nov. from Colombia, S. munin sp. nov. from Colombia, S. nosferatu sp. nov. from Venezuela, S. ratatosk sp. nov. from Guatemala, S. skinfaxi sp. nov. from Mexico, and S. skoll sp. nov. from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. A preliminary key to the male Sphaeropthalma of this region is provided. Two new species-groups are proposed for Neotropical Sphaeropthalma. A new distribution record is given for L. hyphantria Pitts & Manley. Male genitalia are illustrated for all male species.

The female postabdomen of three Dolichopodinae species, Ahypophyllus sinensis (Yang), Aphalacrosoma sichuanense (Yang et Saigusa) and Setihercostomus zonalis (Yang, Yang et Li), are reported. It is the first time that the female genitalia of the genera Ahypophyllus, Aphalacrosoma and Setihercostomus are described and illusterated.

Two new species of Poecilosomella Duda from China are described: Poecilosomella longichaeta sp. n. and P. tridens sp. n.

The Hercostomus fatuus-group is established. A species Hercostomus dayaoshanensis n. sp. is described as new to science.

Two new species of Euhybus are described: Eubybus nanlingensis n. sp. and E. xui n. sp. A key to the species from the Oriental Region is given.

Psilephydra Hendel is recorded from continental China for the first time. Two new species, Psilephydra guangxiensis sp. nov. and P. sichuanensis sp. nov., are described.

Two species of Condylostylus, C. yunnanensis n. sp. and C. xizangensis n. sp., are described as new to science.

We present new records of Tibicen chloromera (Walker) in Connecticut. Monitoring population size differences by song suggests that several population densities are common in Tibicen chloromera: (1) sizable calling populations (2) small populations numbering no more than 5 calling individuals (3) single calling individuals that often do not remain in the same location for more than a few days. We discuss the distribution of this species in the state and the implications of differing densities.

A nomenclatural and bibliographic catalog of the genus-group names of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) from the New World is presented. The catalog includes 206 available genus-group names with type species with New World localities, full bibliographic citations, and other associated nomenclatural and taxonomic information. Two nomenclatural discrepancies are resolved: Siphonophora acerifoliae Thomas is designated the type species of Phymatosiphum Davis, and Strenaphis Quednau nomen novum is proposed as a replacement name for the homonymic Stenaphis Quednau.

This study on the Harpalinae (Coleoptera : Carabidae) species collected from different altitudes and climatic conditions and from localties of different vegetation was conducted between 2004 and 2005 in Kahramanmaras, towns and villages belonging to Kahramanmaras, and sometimes in the interiors of the bordering cities which have got suitable habitat for the species, and at the borders of the nearby cities (Malatya, Gaziantep, Sivas, Adiyaman, Adana, Kayseri, Osmaniye), which cannot be completely separated from Kahramanmaras by rivers and mountains. In the researches 38 species and subspecies belonging to subfamily Harpalinae were examined. The measurements of these samples, an identification key of genus and the species, the localities, coordinates, and altitudes where each species was collected, their distibution in Turkey and chorotypes were also given.

The flea beetle Systena silvestrii Bechyné 1957 was studied in context with the evaluation of natural enemies of the alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae). The female is described and the holotype male is redescribed adding new diagnostic characters: mouthparts, hind wings, metendosternite, male and female genitalia. Differences in color patterns between S. silvestrii, S. marcapatensis Bechyné, S. scurra scurra Scherer and S. scurra ajonjoli Bechyné Bechyné are considered. This flea beetle was collected mostly on alligator weed but also on Phyla canescens (Vebenaceae), in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil. Therefore, further evaluation is strongly recommended prior to its consideration for biocontrol of A. philoxeroides.

Observations on a mating swarm of Acropyga arnoldi are reported for the first time. Aspects of the trophophoretic nature of the queens are discussed. The mealybugs carried by the queens were all females. For specimens examined further, each mealybug was found to possess a single, very large egg, an unusual observation for mealybugs.

A new nemobiine cricket from Anak Krakatau in the Sunda Strait (Pteronemobius krakatau n. sp.) and a new grylline from Clarion Island in the eastern Pacific (Gryllus alexanderi n. sp.) are illustrated and described.

Ommatius tractus, n. sp., from Santo Amaro, Brazil, is described, illustrated, and diagnosed. A modified key is presented to aid in its identification. Ommatius spatulatus Curran is placed in the species group and is reported from Argentina for the first time. Ommatius riali Vieira, Castro & Bravo is established as a New Synonym of O. spatulatus Curran. A check list of the costatus species group is also included.

Pygommatius gruwelli, n. sp., from Cameroun is described, illustrated, and compared with congeners. The illustrated wing of P. brevicornis (Curran) is included for comparison. The Afrotropical key is modified to include the new species.