A synonymic survey of Anthemideae genera accepted for the purpose of the Euro Med Project is presented. As a consequence of nomenclatural revision, shifts in generic circumscription or reassessment of accepted specific and subspecific taxa, combinations that are required in the genera Achillea, Anthemis, Artemisia, Cota, Leucanthemum, Mecomischus, Phalacrocarpum, Rhodanthemum and Tanacetum, but do not so far exist, are validated. A North African species hitherto lacking a valid name is described anew as Plagius maghrebinus.

A synonymic survey of Astereae genera accepted for the purpose of the Euro Med Project is presented. As a consequence of shifts in generic circumscription, or reassessment of accepted specific and subspecific taxa, combinations that are required in the genera Erigeron, Eurybia, Galatella, Symphyotrichum and Tripolium, but do not so far exist, are validated. In one case (Erigeron alpinus subsp. intermedius) the validity of a previous combination, even though it was rather irregularly proposed, is confirmed.

A synonymic survey of Cardueae genera accepted for the purpose of the Euro Med Project is presented. As a consequence of shifts in generic circumscription, or reassessment of accepted specific and subspecific taxa, combinations that are required in the genera Amphoricarpos, Carduus, Carlina, Carthamus, Centaurea, Cyanus, Echinops, Jurinea, Klasea, Psephellus, Rhaponticoides, Rhaponticum and Volutaria, but do not so far exist, are validated. Three names in Centaurea, two of them Linnaean, are typified.

Cynara tournefortii, an endemic of Spain and Portugal that had been excluded from Cynara in a recent revision of that genus, is placed in the newly described, unispecific genus Arcyna. A full description, with illustrations, and a distribution map are presented. Within the subtribe Carduinae, the closest relatives of Arcyna appear to be Silybum and Cynara.

Three new combinations and one nomen novum, required as a consequence of shifts in generic circumscription or reassessment of rank, are validated in the genera Cardamine, Arabidopsis and Sedum.

Hypochaeris sardoa, belonging to H. sect. Metabasis, is described as a species new to science and illustrated. It occurs on siliceous rocks in southern Sardinia. Its karyology, ecology, chorology and relationship are examined. A key to the species of H. sect. Metabasis is provided.

Lemnos island and its 10 offshore islets belong to the Prefecture of Lesvos and biogeographically to the N Aegean area. In comparison with other islands of the N Aegean area, Lemnos is characterized by an intense horizontal relief, absence of limestone cliffs, low land formations (highest point 429 m), medium inclination and intense human interference (agriculture, stock farming) almost on the entire island. Including the data from the available literature and the authors’ investigations, the flora of the area consists of about 681 plant taxa. The dominance of the Mediterranean elements and therophytes reflect the Mediterranean character of the Lemnos flora. Although its flora is rather poor, Lemnos conserves a high level ecological value based on the existence of a variety of different vegetation formations and habitat types such as wetlands, sand dunes, remnants of Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis forest and extended phryganic formations all over the island. The natural ecosystems (wetlands, sand dunes, etc.) have been degraded because of the intense human activities (extended agriculture, over-grazing, tourist facilities, etc.) and for this reason the adaptation of management measures is necessary for the conservation of the ecological value of the area.

The nomen novum Pulicaria uniseriata is validated to provide a legitimate binomial in Pulicaria for the N Somalian species originally described as Sclerostephane longifolia.

Cousinia gatchsaranica from the southwestern Zagros Mts is described as a new species and illustrated. It can be assigned to the hitherto dispecific C. sect. Haussknechtianae and shows closer affinities to C. raphiocephala. The taxonomic position of C. raphiocephala is confirmed on the basis of fruiting material, the description of C. sect. Haussknechtianae is emended and a key to the species of the section provided.

A stand of Pterocarya fraxinifolia, hitherto unknown to science, is reported from the central Zagros mountains in the Irano-Turanian part of Iran, at an altitude of 1730 m, far disjunct from the populations at the Caspian Sea and in the Van area in SE Turkey. It has long been protected by the local people, who believe that cutting these trees is inauspicious. Structure, size and phytogeographical importance of the stand is discussed and its protection, along with nearby gigantic Platanus orientalis, as a national natural monument suggested.

Based on own field observations and collections as well as on material from various herbaria, Sino-Himalayan species of Angelica and Ostericum were studied, emphasizing fruit anatomy. A. indica from NW Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh, a species allied to A. glauca, is described as new to science. Three combinations, Ostericum longipedicellatum and O. muliense, for two species here transferred to that genus, and Heracleum oncosepalum, for a species excluded from Angelica, are validated. The known distribution range of the Himalayan A. nubigena is extended to SE Tibet, and, inferred from fruit anatomy, the species is shown to be closely allied to A. cyclocarpa. Reconsideration and comparison of Chinese Angelica species described by European botanists prior to the mid 1930s and by Chinese botanists in the 1960s finally led to the recognition of new synonyms of A. duclouxii, A. laxifoliata, A. nitida and A. wilsonii.

Suaeda tschujensis is described as a species new to science and compared with related species of S. sect. Brezia (= Heterosperma). It is endemic to high-mountain semideserts in the Russian Altai and to the Gobi Altai in Mongolia. The species is of particular interest for the phylogeny of the genus because of its rare diploid chromosome number of 2n = 18.

Forty-four species of vascular plants are reported as new for the phytogeographical region Khentei in northern Mongolia. Five of them, i.e., Carex chordorrhiza, C. praecox, Cinna latifolia, Matteuccia struthiopteris and Milium effusum are new for Mongolia.

The three new species are narrow-range endemics: Selaginella caluffii is restricted to Topes de Collantes and its surroundings (Alturas de Trinidad, central Cuba), S. ivanii is only known from Pico San Juan (same area) and S. achotalensis occurs on the Mogotes de Yambeque and their neighbourhood (Monte Rus, Guantanamo province, eastern Cuba). All are described and illustrated. The two central Cuban species are the second and third known Cuban representatives of the articulate selaginellas, S. subg. Stachygynandrum.

Recently, an endemic insectivorous species new to science, belonging to Pinguicula sect. Agnata, has been detected in the Cajálbana region not far from La Palma, Pinar del Río Province, Cuba occidental, in the immediate neighbourhood of P. albida. The new species is named P. cubensis, described and illustrated.

Three new species are described and illustrated: Ardisia manitzii from the Isla de la Juventud (western Cuba), related with Ardisia mogotensis (another western Cuban endemic), Myrsine pipolyi from Topes de Collantes (central Cuba, prov. Sancti Spíritus) and Myrsine bissei from the Moa area (eastern Cuba, prov. Holguín). The flora of Cuba now includes seven species of Ardisia and six (one previously unrecorded) of Myrsine.

Two new taxa from easternmost Cuba are described and illustrated: Wallenia jacquinioides subsp. montecristensis and W. lepperi.

Ouratea schizostyla from Isla de la Juventud, western Cuba, is described as a species new to science and illustrated. Its most salient feature, unique so far in Ouratea, are its styles that separate during anthesis.

Three new Antillean species of Erythroxylum are described: E. mogotense and E. banaoense from Cuba and E. domingense from Hispaniola. The main diagnostic characters are leaf morphology, stipules and number of flowers per axil. Phenology, ecology and chorology are also relevant criteria. E. williamsii, described from Venezuela, is a new record for Hispaniola.

Two new species of Miconieae (Melastomataceae) from cloud forest refuges of the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela are described as new to science. Clidemia intonsa grows in Cerro Patao in northeastern Venezuela and is most similar to some species from Trinidad. Miconia chapensis grows in Cerro La Chapa at the western extreme of the Coastal Cordillera and resembles one species from French Guiana and Surinam and two species from Central America and the west coast of northern South America.

Based on a recent bryophyte collection from the hitherto botanically neglected Al-Mahra Governorate in Yemen, the rare neotropical Erpodium glaziovii (Erpodiaceae) as well as Cololejeunea minutissima subsp. minutissima and the pantropical Lopholejeunea nigricans (Lejeuneaceae) are reported for the first time from the Arabian Peninsula. They are an important element of the epiphytic bryophyte flora in the monsoon-affected, endemic S Arabian Anogeissus dhofarica woodland and confirm the repeatedly demonstrated xerotropical character of this part of the Arabian Peninsula.