Impatiens shangjiangensis Y.Y. Cong & J.Z. Gu, a new species of Balsaminaceae from Lushui County, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to I. bahanensis, but differs from it in having bigger flowers, a curved-saccate lower sepal, and a reniform dorsal petal. Pollen grains are also different in the two species.

Nomenclatural notes on seven species with a connection to William Roxburgh are presented. The following new combinations are made: Lasiobema roxburghii (Voigt) I.M. Turner (Fabaceae) and Ruellia sibua (Nees) I.M. Turner (Acanthaceae). These are to replace Phanera retusa Benth. and Ruellia suffrutiosa Roxb., respectively. Additionally, Crinum defixum Ker Gawl. (Amaryllidaceae) replaces C. viviparum (Lam.) R. Ansari & V.J. Nair and Ixora roxburghii Kuntze (Rubiaceae) replaces I. balakrishnanii Deb & Rout. Revised authorship and type are required for Rubus hexagynus (Rosaceae). Mentha quadrifolia Rottler ex Sm. is a new synonym of Pogostemon quadrifolius (Benth.) F. Muell. (Lamiaceae). Ten new lectotypifications are proposed.

Silene porphyrantha, established by Boris K. Schischkin on the basis of specimens collected during his expedition to Turkey in 1916, is the earlier and correct name for S. konuralpiae (“konuralpii”), which was recently described from the same area. A new description and a distribution map are provided for this species. Two more species of S. sect. Auriculatae described by Schischkin from Turkey are assessed and synonymised with broadly distributed species: S. muradica with S. argentea, and S. pachyneura with S. arguta. A revised identification key to the species traditionally included in S. sect. Spergulifoliae in Turkey is provided, with the exclusion of taxonomically misplaced or misidentified species. Nomenclature and typifications are established or verified for all accepted names and synonyms. Lectotypes of four species names are designated.

Two new wood-inhabiting species of fungi, Lyomyces fissuratus C.L. Zhao and L. fumosus C.L. Zhao (Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales) are proposed based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. Lyomyces fissuratus has resupinate basidiomes with a tuberculate, cracking hymenial surface and slightly thick-walled basidiospores, and L. fumosus has farinaceous to pruinose basidiomes with a smoky grey hymenial surface and slightly thick-walled basidiospores. ITS sequences and LSU gene regions were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. According to a phylogenetic reconstruction of Schizoporaceae based on a concatenated ITS + LSU data set, the two new species were nested in Lyomyces. In a second phylogenetic analysis of the genus Lyomyces, multiple isolates of L. fissuratus formed a monophyletic lineage in a clade comprising L. mascarensis, L. cremeus, L. microfasciculatus and L. wuliangshanensis. Lyomyces fumosus was retrieved as a sister species of L. fimbriatus.

In the framework of taxonomic studies on Ardisia (Primulaceae), we lectotypified the name Ardisia serratifolia Bedd. based on the original materials housed at A, K, and MH. The name Ardisia oxyantha Wall. ex A.DC. was epitypified based on Wallich specimens at CAL, G-DC, K, and K-W.

Torenia siliguriensis A. Pal & M. Chowdhury sp. nova is described from Darjeeling Himalayan foothills in West Bengal, India. It closely resembles T. crustacea, but is clearly distinguishable by its overall smaller size, much smaller, white to purplish-white flowers without a purple spot on central lower lobe, obtuse lower lobes, absence of glandular hairs on lower lobes, and a disc slightly protruding above the ovary base.

A new name, Copaifera copaibo Doweld, is proposed to replace the homonym Copaifera reticulata Ducke (1915) non fossil Copaifera reticulata Engelhardt (1891).

Seven new synonyms are proposed in the orchid genus Fernandezia: F. breviconnata (Schltr.) M.W. Chase (syn. F. luerorum Ormerod), F. gracillima (C. Schweinf.) M.W. Chase (syn. F. unduaviae Ormerod), F. parvifolia (Lindl.) M.W. Chase (syn. F. parvifolia var. cajamarcae Ormerod, F. nunezii Ormerod, F. pastinaca Ormerod), F. tenuis (Schltr.) M.W. Chase (syn. F. vanderwerfiii Ormerod). The diagnostic features, distribution, habitat, morphological variation as well as taxonomic notes based on the analysis of herbarium specimens, live material and protologues are presented for each species. Color photographs of the species are also provided.

Here, we describe an unusual new species, Lysimachia brevianthera X.W. Li, in Lysimachia subgen. Idiophyton from China. It has the filaments longer than the basifixed anthers, at the base fused into a narrow ring connate with the corolla; leaves congested at the upper part of the stem; and grayish black capsules. Lysimachia brevianthera is similar to L. laxa in having a winged stem and the free part of filaments longer than 2 mm, but differs from it by the unbranched stems (vs. many branched stems), larger flowers and grayish black capsules (vs. light brown capsules). A phylogenetic analysis supports the placement of L. brevianthera in subgen. Idiophyton.

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Fasciodontia yunnanensis C.L. Zhao sp. nova (Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales) is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidence. Fasciodontia yunnanensis is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with minutely odontioid hymenial surface and presence of submoniliform cystidia, and ellipsoid thick-walled basidiospores (3.1–5.7 × 2.1–4.1 µm). Sequences of ITS and 28S rDNA gene regions were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. In the phylogenetic reconstruction of Hyphodontia s. lato based on a concatenated ITS + 28S data set, the new species nested in Fasciodontia where it formed a monophyletic lineage and grouped with F. brasiliensis and F. bugellensis.

Aristolochia quangnamensis T.V. Do (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from central Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It has a U-shaped perianth, a 3-lobed limb, and a 3-lobed gynostemium. Based on these characters it is placed in Aristolochia subgenus Siphisia. Morphologically, A. quangnamensis resembles A. annamensis, A. balansae, and A. tadungensis, but differs from them by having cream to yellowish-white, straight, narrowly funnel to cylindrically shaped upper tube, 2.2–2.8 cm long, densely pubescent outer surface, without striations or dots; a trumpet-shaped limb, with somewhat recurved margins of three limb lobes, a bright yellow inner surface, lacking verrucae and bristles, absence of annulus, and a bright yellow throat, without dots or striations.

A synopsis of the genus Erythrina (Fabaceae) in India is presented based on herbarium records, literature, and material available online. Lectotypes are designated for the names E. arborescens Roxb., E. fusca Lour., E. indica Lam. (synonym of E. variegata L.), E. resupinata Roxb. and E. stricta Roxb., and a neotype is designated for E. lithosperma Blume ex Miq. Historical information on the typification of the name E. mysorensis Gamble is given.

Humboldtia brunonis Wall. (Fabaceae) is lectotypified. This Indian endemic has consistently been described to have 3-petaled flowers. We collected H. brunonis with 3–5-petaled flowers, and this variation is here briefly explained.

In Scandinavia, three gradients (poor–rich, water table, margin–expanse) are considered in vegetation classification of mires. We re-analysed the data of Paavo Havas from 1961 on sloping fens in eastern Finland using NMDS ordination analysis, which also revealed a three-dimensional structure of the classic gradients, with the poor–rich gradient associated with pH. Water table level, and the unstable–stable water regime gradient were also of importance. Our analysis confirmed the interpretation by Havas but further stressed the role of the poor–rich gradient as the main direction of variation in sloping fens. Species richness increased with pH, and from mire expanse to margin vegetation, but decreased towards too wet or seasonally too dry conditions. Eastern Finnish sloping-fen plant communities resemble those in sloping fens elsewhere in Scandinavia, but also those in montane-subalpine-alpine fens in central and southeastern Europe.

Carlina acaulis (Asteraceae) is a herb native to central and southern Europe. We determined its complete plastome using genome skimming. The plastome is 153 206 bp long, with a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (25 147 bp), one large single-copy region (84 343 bp), and one small single-copy region (18 569 bp). It contains 132 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 36 transfer RNA genes, 19 of which are duplicated within the IRs. Phylogenetic analyses based on 25 plastomes of the tribe Cardueae indicate that C. acaulis is closely related to the genus Atractylodes. A subtribal classification proposed in 2019 is well supported, except that Synurus (subtribe Onopordinae) is nested within the subtribe Saussureinae, which might be due to misidentification. Our work contributes to the study of the evolutionary history of the tribe Cardueae and the genetic resources of C. acaulis.

Plagioloba Rchb. is considered the correct name for Zuvanda (F. Dvořák) Askerova of the tribe Conringieae (Brassicaceae) rather than a synonym of Hesperis (Hesperideae). Plagioloba is here revised to include two species, and Z. exacoides, uniformly accepted as a distinct species for 200 years, is downgraded to a yellow-flowered variety of the usually purple- to less often white-flowered P. crenulata. Plagioloba is lectotypified and all necessary combinations (two species and additional variety) are validated. Notes on the nomenclature and distribution of the treated taxa are also provided.

Recently described Corynandra telanganensis J. Swamy & Rasingam is treated as a synonym of C. aspera (J. Koenig ex DC.) Roalson. We studied the morphological variation in other species of Cleomaceae from the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana (southern India), and propose the new combination Arivela viscosa subsp. nagarjunakondensis (Sundararagh.) Arigela & R.Kr. Singh.

Allium mardinense Balos, H. Akan & Yıldırım, a new species of Allium sect. Allium, is described from Mardin Province, southeastern Turkey. It resembles A. aybukeae and A. enginii but differs from them by several morphological characters, such as its filament length, inner tepal shape and surface, and anther colour. Diagnostic characters, a comprehensive description, photographs, and a distribution map of A. mardinense are provided.

Chiloschista confusa M.J. Mathew, J. Mathew, P.M. Salim & Szlach. (Orchidaceae), a new species from the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India, is described and illustrated based on morphological data. It has long been misidentified as C. fasciata, an Indo-Sri Lankan species. However, C. confusa differs from C. fasciata by its denser inflorescence with comparatively smaller flowers, glabrous inflorescence, pedicel and ovary, flattened callus disc with eglandular hairs, and protuberance of the spur. A key to the three species of Chiloschista known from south India (C. confusa, C. fasciata, C. glandulosa) is also provided.

Tarenna arborea, a Philippine endemic, is herein described and illustrated. This tree species is allocated to Tarenna subgenus Pacifica. The species name is lectotypified, and the chromosome number (2n = 22) is provided for the first time.

We treat Garcinia sumbawaensis (Kosterm.) Medellín-Zab. & L. Marinho as a later homonym of G. sumbawensis Lauterb. A replacement name, Garcinia septogarcinia I.M. Turner & L.V.S. Jenn., is proposed here for this Sumbawa endemic with dehiscent fruit. A lectotype is designated for Garcinia sumbawensis Lauterb.

A new species, Bergera unifolia C.L. Deng & F.J. Mou (Rutaceae, Aurantioideae, Clauseneae) is described and illustrated from Dahua County, Guangxi Province, China, based on morphological characters as well as on nrDNA (ITS) and cpDNA (trnL-F, atpB-rbcL, rbcL, matK, psbH-petB and psbA-trnH) sequences. It is characterised by unifoliate leaves similar to those of Murraya stenocarpa (Murraya sect. Bergera, or Chalcas sect. Bergera) but differs from it by having smaller and thinner subcoriaceous leaflets with irregularly toothed margins. The leaflets resemble those of M. kwangsiensis (Murraya sect. Bergera) in having hairs under the leaflets, oil glands and similar odour. Based on molecular data, B. unifolia is closely related to M. stenocarpa and M. kwangsiensis and thus it is important for resolving the classification of those species within Murraya sect. Bergera that should be formally transferred to Bergera.

Cryptocarya muthuvariana R. Jagad., Sureshkumar, Gangapr. & S.P. Mathew sp. nova (Lauraceae), a new species from the Edamalakkudy forests in Idukki District, Kerala, India, is described and illustrated. An identification key to species of Cryptocarya known from India is provided. Cryptocarya muthuvariana resembles C. ferrarsi, a taxon known from India (northeast and Andaman Islands) and Bangladesh, but differs from it by having 7–8 (vs. 9–15) pairs of lateral nerves in the leaves and ellipsoid–oblongoid (vs. ovoid-conoid) fruits.

Based on molecular phylogenetic studies, the generic name Lasiobema (Korth.) Miq. (Fabaceae) is a synonym of Phanera Lour. Therefore, Lasiobema roxburghianum (Voigt) I.M. Turner is here recognized as Phanera roxburghiana (Voigt) Bandyop., Anand Kumar & Chakrab., comb. nova.