This is the second in a series of accounts providing descriptions of all the spider species found on the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Here, seven species of non-erigonine Linyphiidae are reported from the Falkland Islands. Six species are recorded from the islands for the first time, four are new species: Falklandoglenes hadassa sp. nov., Falklandoglenes iasonum sp. nov., Falklandoglenes weddelli sp. nov., and Stictonanus lafonia sp. nov. Falklandoglenes is an endemic genus and Stictonanus lafonia is known only from the Falkland Islands. The introduced species Tenuiphantes tenuis (Blackwall, 1852) and Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865) are recorded from the islands for the first time. Two erigonine species, Erigone palustris Millidge, 1991 and Sphecozone rubescens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 are recorded from the islands for the first time; both are introductions. The taxonomic position of the endemic Falkland Island species is discussed. Falklandoglenes is considered to be close to a characteristically southern Neotropical group of species. The position of Stictonanus remains ambiguous. The relationships of both genera within the Linyphiidae remains unclear. The conservation status of the new species is discussed, with Falklandoglenes spinosa noted as of great concern because it is known from only one small island and has not be refound since its discovery in 1980.

A new euophryine species, Thiania indica sp. n. (♂♀), is diagnosed and described from the Western Ghats of southern India. Detailed descriptions, diagnostic features, and illustrations for the new species are provided.

New World tarantulas present a unique and conspicuous defensive mechanism: the release of urticating setae. The morphological differentiation of the types of setae suggests their distinct use, with two defensive mechanisms proposed: active defence against potential predators and passive defence against other arthropods, through the incorporation of setae into the moulting mat and/or ootheca. Tarantulas from Uruguay present three types of urticating setae with different morphologies (types I, III, and IV). It has been proposed that type I is used in passive defence and that type III in active defence; however, the use of type IV remains enigmatic. This study aims to elucidate the use of the type IV urticating setae. For this, we analysed oothecae of Grammostola anthracina, a species that presents type III and IV setae, quantifying them, and comparing the proportions between each type. Differences were found in the number of setae incorporated into the ootheca: type IV urticating setae are present in a higher proportion compared to type III, which suggests their use mainly in passive defence. We also tested the effects of type IV urticating setae incorporated on oothecae on phorid larvae and ants.

Nhandu sylviae sp. nov. is described from Guyana, representing the first record of the genus Nhandu Lucas, 1983 from Guyana and the first record in northern South America.

We describe a new species of Linothele Karsch, 1879 from the south-eastern slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners by the presence of abundant bright whitish-golden curly setae on the carapace; a patternless grey abdomen in adults, with short whitish-golden setae, short black setae and long and erected black setae, and lacking maculae; the elongate and apically tapered spermatheca with 3–5 elongated vesicles placed medially; the prominent metatarsal tubercle and tibial megaspine in leg I in the male, and the male palpal bulb longer than wide, with flattened apical part of the embolus. We comment on the bulb morphology and ontogenetic colour variation of Linothele and discuss the distribution of some Linothele from the eastern Andes and Amazonian lowlands.

The web placement and web structure of the nine most common species of orb-web spiders (Araneae: Araneidae, Tetragnathidae) coexisting in the park-like campus of the University of Ghana in Legon, Ghana, were investigated to analyse differences between their ecological niches. Various web parameters, such as: relation to habitat, height, light exposure, web size, mesh size, and web inclination, were measured. When comparing these parameters in all species pairs, the webs of each species were found to differ in at least two parameters from the web of every other species. Since the analysed web parameters are all likely to influence the number and kind of prey caught, this suggests a niche differentiation between all analysed species. Some observations were also made on the prey caught. While the prey analysis was not detailed enough to find differences between all species, there was a positive correlation between the web's mesh size and the size of the prey.

The paper presents new taxonomic and faunistic data on the Salticidae from Iran collected by Antoine Senglet (1927–2015) and deposited in the Museum d'historie naturelle, Gèneve, Switzerland. A total of 61 Iranian species are reported. Seven species are descrbed as new: Attulus croceus sp. n. (♂♀, Tehran, Mazandaran), Heliophanus kavar sp. n. (♂♀, Fars, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad), Menemerus sengleti sp. n. (♂♀, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad), Mogrus sivand sp. n. (♂♀, Fars, Kurdistan), Pellenes ignotus sp. n. (♂♀, Hamedan), Plexippus scleroepigynalis sp. n. (♀, Fars), and Synageles khorasanicus sp. n. (♀, Razavi Khorasan). One species and one subspecies are synonymized: Plexippus strandi dushanbinus Andreeva, 1969, syn. n. from Tajikistan and Plexippus gershomi Prószyński, 2017, syn. n. from Israel with Plexippus strandi Spassky, 1939. The male lectotype is designated for Attus vilis Kulczyński, 1895, and its synonymy with Attulus ammophilus (Thorell, 1895) is confirmed and reinstated, syn. reinst. Six species are recorded for the Iranian spider fauna for the first time: Attulus inexpectus (Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997), A. inopinabilis (Logunov, 1992), Euophrys pseudogambosa Strand, 1915, Heliophanus kochii Simon, 1868, H. potanini Schenkel, 1963, and Synageles venator (Lucas, 1836). Additional faunistic records from Afghanistan are given for three species: Mogrus antoninus Andreeva, 1976, Myrmarachne tristis (Simon, 1882), and Thyene imperialis (Rossi, 1846), of which M. tristis is a new species record for the country. Comparative materials from Kazakhstan were included for five species. It is also shown that the record of Heliophanus verus Wesołowska, 1986 from Turkey (Kırıkkale Province) actually belongs to H. mordax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872.

A new species of Anisaspis Simon, 1892, Anisaspis awa sp. nov., is described from Volcán Chiles, Carchi, Ecuador, constituting the first record of Anisaspis from Ecuador.

A new species of camel spider (Arachnida: Solifugae) is described as Eognosippus fahrenheitiana gen. et sp. nov. from Eocene (Lutetian) Baltic amber. It is only the second species and third specimen of a camel spider to be formally described from this locality. Like the previously described Baltic amber camel spider, Palaeoblossia groehni Dunlop, Wunderlich & Poinar, 2004, the new species can probably be assigned to Daesiidae. It differs from the former species in its larger overall size and in the lack of any division in the fourth leg tarsus. The Baltic amber camel spiders are the most northerly Eurasian record of the order and their geographical position is compared to the distribution of their modern relatives. Camel spiders are also typically associated with open, arid habitats. Recent palaeobotanical data from Baltic amber is consistent with an environment which may have contained less densely forested and drier spaces.