Li, H.; Wang, S., and Cheng, L., 2018. Dynamic characteristics numerical simulation of sea entrance soil under dynamic load. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 1–5. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The traditional numerical simulation method of sea entrance soil dynamic characteristics has some problems, such as the low simulation value and the poor accuracy of the numerical simulation. In order to improve the above situation, a new numerical simulation method based on dynamic load is built. Through three steps of soil grid partition, finite element model establishment and load setting scheme selection, the finite element description of sea entrance soil dynamic characteristics is completed based on dynamic load theory. Through the three steps of dynamic characteristic numerical determination, simulation boundary condition determination and damping setting, the construction of a new numerical simulation method for the sea entrance soil dynamic characteristics is completed. The simulation application environment and design contrast experiment results show that compared with the traditional methods, the new method can completely improve the problem of low total numerical simulation and poor accuracy of numerical simulation.

Wang, S.; Liu, D., and Wang, Z., 2018. The stability and reliability of the marine anchor rock mass under wave action. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 6–11. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, most of the stability and reliability analysis of the coastal and anchor rocks is based on the genetic algorithm, while there is a problem that the efficiency of analysis is low. In this paper, a steady and reliability analysis method based on the wave action of the equivalent plastic strain is proposed. Firstly, the analysis model is established, and the uniform design method, radial basis neural network technology and maximum entropy principle are combined on this basis to complete the stability and reliability analysis. Experiments show that compared with traditional method, the error between the ultimate bearing capacity and the actual ultimate bearing capacity of the method in this paper is smaller, the stability and reliability analysis of the anchorage rock solid with different water content is more accurate and the effect is better.

Liu, H., 2018. Numerical simulation of marine internal wave dynamics based on functional analysis. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 12–16. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

For the low utilization rate of marine resources and little understanding of the dynamics of some marine resources, it is necessary to study the dynamic numerical simulation of ocean waves. The current method has a problem of low utilization rate. In this paper, a numerical simulation of marine internal wave power based on functional analysis is presented. The method firstly combines the solving method of N-S equation to establish the theoretical problem of water wave power numerical tank and the interaction between water particles is expressed through the nucleon function. The concept of particle density is introduced to realize the incompressibility of the fluid and the numerical simulation analysis of the wave power in the ocean is carried out by using functional analysis.The experimental results show that this method can be used effectively in marine resources.

Zhang, X. and Jin, R., 2018. Detection of chemical composition of sea water based on Gaussian wavelet. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 17–22. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Common methods for detecting the chemical composition of sea water involves tedious procedures, which consumes lots of time, wastes an abundance of solvents, and leads to environmental pollution. Therefore, this paper proposes using the Gaussian wavelet, which denoises the absorption spectrum of water quality detection by using wavelet transforms, analyzes the chemical composition of marine Prorocentrum micans and Skeletonema costatum by using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and detects the chemical composition of sea water by using the Flow Injection-Solid-Phase Extraction-Spectrophotometry method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the detection efficiency by 20%.

Zeng, W., 2018. Dynamic model simulation of long-term evolution of seabed terrain of dumping area based on seabed side-scan sonar detection technology. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 23–28. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the traditional dynamic evolution model of the seabed terrain of the dumping area, the gradual evolution process of the seabed dumping area terrain can be analyzed, but for the long-term evolution analysis process, there are some problems such as low analysis efficiency and high uncertain factors. To address this problem, dynamic model of long-term evolution of seabed terrain of dumping area based on side-scan sonar detection technology is designed in this paper. XTF embedding technique is used to embed the seabed side-scan sonar detection. The environment dynamic model is built with Windows multi thread mechanism combined with open GL Technology. The quantitative data of the evolution of the dumping area and the time quantitative data of the dumping area are calculated. The dynamic model of long-term evolution of seabed terrain of dumping area is built. Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional model, the analysis efficiency of the proposed dynamic model is increased by 60.48%, and the uncertainty is reduced by 71.23%.

Xu, Y.; Shan, H., and Jia, Y., 2018. Location and energy saving of underwater sensor network for monitoring seabed landslide. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 29–34. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The traditional positioning system of underwater sensor network for monitoring submarine landslide could complete the location of submarine landslide, but the positioning offset was large and it was unable to work for a long time. Therefore, the research on positioning and energy saving of underwater sensor network for monitoring submarine landslide was proposed. The gradient of water depth was calculated based on multibeam bathymetric data, and the gradient change was recognized. Combined with topography features, the scarp of submarine landslide was recognized, and the identification of position of submarine landslides was determined. Based on SLMP positioning algorithm, the mechanism of UPS framework was used to realize the accurate coordinate positioning of submarine landslide. DCT transform, LDPC coder-decoder and Key frame coder-decoder of encoding algorithm of underwater sensor were used to transform Wyner-Ziv domain code and thus to realize energy-saving operation of underwater sensor network monitoring. Experiment proves that the positioning accuracy of method in this paper is improved by 58.33%, and the energy can be saved more than 55.75%. Meanwhile, it has high efficiency.

Zhang, Y., 2018. Modeling of the stimulating effect of marine circulation industry on the economic development of coastal area of China. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 35–40. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the case of different economic growth, the current model cannot measure the stimulating effect of marine circulation industry on the economic development of the coastal area of China, to this end, this paper proposes a new method for modeling of the stimulating effect of marine circulation industry on the economic development of the coastal area of China. Firstly, the error correction model is used to analyze the relationship between the marine circulation industry and the economic aggregate of the coastal area of China; then, grey correlation model is used to verify the relationship between the two, at the same time, the panel data model is used to analyze the relationship between the two; finally, each evaluation index is selected to establish the stimulating effect model of marine circulation industry on economic development in coastal areas of China. The experimental results show that the marine circulation industry has significant stimulating effect on the economic output, employment and industrial structure upgrading of Chinese coastal areas.

Zhang, S.; Yang, W.; Xin, Y.; Wang, R.; Li, C.; Cai, D., and Gao H., 2018. Prototype system design of mooring buoy for seafloor observation and construction of its communication link. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 41–49. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A prototype system of mooring buoy for ocean seafloor observation is constructed, that, ocean buoy and underwater junction box are combined together with an Electro-Optical-Mechanical (EOM) cable. So, the seafloor observation data can transmit to the sea surface buoy through EOM cable, and finally, the data transmit to the shore through satellite and wireless communication. On the other side, sea surface buoy offers power with the wind and solar panel to underwater junction box. Compared to the traditional sea surface observational buoy, we redesign the communication model, so as to transmit the seafloor data to shore in the real time mode. The transmit communication is constructed as “Seafloor observation (underwater junction box) – Ethernet (underwater junction box) – Ethernet/Optical Switch – EOM cable – Optical/Ethernet Switch – Ethernet (buoy) – Beidou satellite/wireless communication (buoy)”. According to the energy transmission property of EOM cable and the power supply demand of the seafloor, the wind/solar controller system and DC-DC convert modular is designed. We give the detail design and test result. In the test, we transmit the sea surface video and seafloor video in real time mode through wireless communication link. The reliability of the communication link is verified, and the feasibility of launch and recovery process is verified.

Zhao, J., 2018. Design and implementation of geo-spatial information technology in marine ecological environment monitoring. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 50–56. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the traditional ocean monitoring technology, marine monitoring task can be accomplished, but there is the shortcoming of long reaction time for detecting pollution information. To address this problem, geo-spatial information technology in marine ecological environment monitoring is designed in this paper. SQL Server database and Arc SDE database to accelerate the data management. The three-layer architecture system of data layer, business logic layer and performance layer is simplified to complete system software acceleration design. Map module is designed by using GIS geographic information technology and Pan method of Map Control. Rapid monitoring of geo-spatial information based on the geometric relationship of the elements is achieved. The multi-dimensional analysis of Spatial Analyst is used to realize the design of geo-spatial information technology in marine ecological environment monitoring. Experimental results show that the average deviation of the monitoring technology is 82.79% higher than the traditional monitoring technology, and the average time of detecting the pollution information is increased by 78.82%.

Li, X., 2018. Collaborative intrusion detection method for marine distributed network. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 57–61. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN0749-0208.

Aiming at the problem that the intrusion detection method based on support vector machine widely used by current marine distributed network has a long delay, which is unable to provide detection information in time, this paper proposes a collaborative intrusion detection method of marine distributed network based on clustering. Firstly, this method uses correlation analysis method for mining data in marine distributed network, and clusters the marine distributed network data through the decision tree algorithm based on the relative decision entropy and the difference degree algorithm. On this basis, according to the attribute characteristics of marine distributed network intrusion, we build the intrusion detection model, and complete the marine collaborative intrusion detection of marine distributed network through the mean and variance. Experimental result shows that the proposed method not only occupies less memory space, but also its detection rate is above 92%, which improves the accuracy of intrusion detection.

Zhu, T.; Dai, X., and Ai, F., 2018. Design of drilling fluid of high temperature and high pressure resistance in well drilling of deepwater area. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 62–67. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN0749-0208.

On the basis of routine deepwater drilling fluid HEM system, the high temperature and high pressure drilling fluid system for drilling of profundal zone was built by optimizing the low temperature resistance hydrate inhibitor and high temperature resistance fluid loss additive. The laboratory evaluation showed that the constructed drilling fluid system had good low-high temperature rheological characteristic, anti-pollution capacity, settlement stability, sealing pressure-bearing and reservoir protection. This drilling fluid system had been successfully used in 25-1S-1 deepwater high Temperature and high pressure wells in the western South China sea. It could avoid the complex situation such as well leakage and overflow. The operation efficiency was improved. It had great popularization and application value.

Miao, X.; Wang, W., and Geng, Q., 2018. Removal mechanism of ship materials by micro ultrasonic machining. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 68–73. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on indentation fracture mechanics and force analysis of abrasive grains on the bottom of the workpiece micro ultrasonic machining hole, the mathematical model of ship material removal mode is established, and the roughness value is utilized as the removal standard for the brittle plastic of ship materials. The experiments is designed based on the theoretical model. The results show that the abrasive grain size has the biggest impact on the removal rate of ship materials. In different material removal modes, when the roughness value is >480 nm, the ship material is removed in the brittle mode. When the roughness value is <400nm, the material is removed in the plastic mode. The applicability of the model is proved by comparing the actual machining results and the expected machining results.

Liu, Y.; Hao, Y., and Lu, Y. 2018. Improved design of risk assessment model for PPP project under the development of marine architecture. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 74–80. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The current risk assessment model of marine architecture project is mainly processed by analyzing the risk factor of the PPP project, quantifying and sorting them, and achieving assessment through the sorting results. In the current model, the weight of risk decision cannot be calculated accurately, and the accuracy of risk assessment is low. To address this problem, a risk assessment model of PPP project under the development of marine architecture based on grey system theory is proposed in this paper. Some experts are invited to compare of PPP project risk index to establish risk discriminant matrix. The empirical value of expert weight is obtained by analytic hierarchy process. According to the empirical values given by the experts, the weight of the risk index is determined by the improved grey relational degree, and the project risk assessment model is built. Ex perimental results show that the improved model has a high accuracy of risk assessment and is more practical.

Jiang, T.; Du, L.; Zhang, L., and Cao, L., 2018. Effect of circulating water temperature change on the dynamic characteristics of ocean ship thermal-system heater. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 81–85. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this paper, the sections of superheating, condensate and sub-cooling of drain water in a ocean ship thermal-system heater are set as a unit. The heat storage capacity of the heater itself is considered and the sudden change of the circulating water temperature was set as turbulence. A mathematical model was conducted to calculate the outlet temperature of circulating water, the flow rate of extraction steam and the saturation temperature in the ocean ship thermal-system heater. And the changed trends of these parameters are analyzed under the turbulence. Then the dynamic process of heater from the state with turbulence to a new stable state was obtained. Finally, the balancing speed of the other parameters of ocean ship thermal-system heater was analyzed according to the time that the dynamic process took to reach a new stable state.

Yuan, L., 2018. Harmonic response of power coupling mechanism of coastal ship. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 86–92. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A non-interference simulation model of the coupling mechanism of a heavy-duty hybrid vehicle is established. Based on the characteristics of periodic input, the dynamic response of the power coupling mechanism under the rated torque is analyzed by finite element method, and the key components are obtained. The results show that the excitation force of the planet carrier at about 2000 Hz will cause the planetary wheel to bend and axial deformation, as the planetary gear and the planetary carrier optimization design provides a theoretical basis.

Che, X., 2018. Simulation modeling of dynamic characteristics of sea crossing bridge under wind invasion. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 93–97. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN0749-0208.

In order to improve the large deformation and vibration of the bridge under the dynamic action of wind, the stability of the bridge structure and the safety of the train operation are improved. A modeling method for dynamic feature change based on wind load is proposed. The dynamics characteristic model of bridge is established firstly. The modal synthesis method is adopted to analyze the whole vibration of the bridge structure, to greatly reduce the dynamic degree of freedom as well as the deformation and vibration of the bridge, and improve the stability and safety of the bridge structure. Then the dynamic characteristics of the bridge under the wind load are analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the stability of bridge structure and reduce the deformation and vibration of the bridge caused by wind power.

Ji, R.; Sun, K.; Wang, S.; Li, Y., and Zhang, L., 2018. Analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics of ocean ship two-unit vertical axis tidal current turbines with different arrangements. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and OceanEngineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 98–108. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN0749-0208.

In order to study the hydrodynamic performance of the two-unit turbinesin different arrangements, a reasonable turbine layout plan was proposed to improve the power generation efficiency of tidal power stations. In this paper, the transient numerical simulation of a three-blade vertical-axis tidal current turbine is carried out, and the hydrodynamic performance of the turbine units with different arrangement (tandem, parallel, and staggered) is analyzed, and the influence of the mutual interference between the turbine units on the efficiency of the power generation is explored. Taking into account the same characteristics of the profile of the vertical axistidal current turbine blades along the extension, the model is simplified to two-dimensional. Firstly, based on the open source software OpenFOAM, a k-ω SST turbulence model and a PIMPLE algorithm are used for a 2D vertical axis tidal current turbine. A numerical simulation method is proposed and compared with the experimental results to verify the correctness of the numerical simulation method. Then the operation of a single turbine was simulated, and the variation of energy utilization with the tip speed ratio and the force characteristics of the turbine during operation were obtained. Finally, the vertical axis tidal turbine units with different arrangements are analyzed in detail, and the energy efficiency, force characteristics, and wake field of the vertical axis turbine units are compared and analyzed. For tandem tidal turbine units, the flow distance Dx of the two-unit turbines is used as a variable to study the effect of tidal turbine spacing on the hydrodynamic performance of downstream turbines. For parallel tidal turbines, the influence of the horizontal distance Dy and three different rotations on the hydrodynamic performance of tidal turbines is studied. For staggered turbine units, the relative distance Dr and the relative position angle ψ of the turbine are used as variables to study the relationship between the capacity of the turbine and the two parameters.

Che, Y.; Xue, S., and Wang, D., 2018. An AC voltage sensor-less control strategy for ocean ship photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with LCL filter. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 109–115. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the traditional controlling of PV inverter with LCL filter, an extra sensor is needed to detect the voltage of PoC (point of connection) and to restrain the inherent resonance in LCL filters, which increases the control costs and reduces the system reliability. This paper proposes an AC Voltage Sensor-less control strategy for ocean ship photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with LCL filter. Based on the droop control principle, the instantaneous reference voltage is obtained from active and reactive power. Besides, virtual impedance is added to suppress harmonic, which improves the quality of grid-connected current and the accuracy of power control. Simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Wu, H.; Liu, Y.; Xue, G.; Guo, F.; Li, Z., and Liu, M., 2018. Design and experimental research on deep water pressure resistance system of argo float. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 116–123. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The underwater probe device such as ROV (Remote Operated Vehicle), AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) and ARGO (Array for Real-Time Geostrophic Oceanography) float are widely used in observing the salty, temperature, depth and other oceanographic parameter. As the working depth go deeper the limitation of anti-pressure case becomes vital. The optimal size of the anti-pressure should be designed in order to meet the requirement that the float's house can ensure the 4000m deep-sea pressure and has the minimum weight. However, rare researches focus on the anti-pressure house theory or designation for the ARGO float. In this paper, an innovation structure and working principle of a 4000m deep-sea ARGO float is introduced. Then a non-linear buckling mathematic model for the thin-walled cylinder house is constructed. The ANSYS simulation is applied to draw the critical pressure at different diameter, wall-thickness or length of the abstract pressure house. Then the mathematic conclusion is compared with the ANSYS data to validate the correctness of the mathematic method and find the initial imperfection. Finally, the pressure resistance experimental is carried out to examine the sealability and pressure resistant ability of the shell. In all,this paper would provide a practical construction theory and anti-pressure model for the deep sea profile probe ARGO floats.

Yao, N.; Wu, X., and Cai, Y., 2018. Identification of corrosion degree for grounded screen of extra high voltage transmission line in coastal area based on infrared thermal image. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 124–128. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the traditional recognition methods of corrosion degree of grounding grid of extreme high voltage transmission line, the noise in the infrared thermal images causes the inaccurate corrosion position and the large recognition error. Therefore, the recognition method of corrosion degree based on the infrared thermal image was proposed. Through the color histogram method, the color coherence vector method and the color correlogram method, the extraction of corrosion area characteristics in grounding grid image of extreme high voltage transmission line was realized. On this basis, HSI color space conversion was used to obtain the infrared image edge information. The median filter was used to preserve the advantage of edge information. The gradient method was used to extract the highest temperature area, realizing the identification of corrosion area of grounding grid of extreme high voltage transmission line. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately locate the corrosion area. It has the high recognition accuracy.

He, N.; Jiang, T., and Zhang, L., 2018. Experimental research on the vapor pressure and critical parameters of ethyl fluoride (HFC-161). In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 129–134. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Nowadays, many alternative refrigerants are studied for protecting ozonosphere. HFC161 is one of these refrigerants which are friendly to environment, because its Ozone Depleting Potentials (ODP) is zero. And it has a very low global warming potential, high cooling capacity and excellent energy efficiency. In present work, the vapor pressure of HFC161 has been measured using a static type apparatus over the temperature range from 233.15 K to 375.15 K, together with the vapor pressure of isobutane (HC-600a) measured in the temperature range from 275.60 K to 343.16 K for verifying the experimental apparatus. The measured vapor pressure data and those reported by other investigators have been evaluated, and a vapor pressure data set with reasonable accuracy has been obtained. Based on this consistent and reliable data set, a Wagner-type equation has been presented, from which the critical pressure P_c= 5.035 MPa was extrapolated. The critical temperature T_c= 375.83 K and critical density ρ_c= 286.215 kg•m^-3 of HFC-161 have been measured in this work.

Ye, Y.; Chen, K.; Zhou, Q.; Xiang, P.; Huo, Y., and Lin, M., 2018. Impacts of thermal discharge on phytoplankton in Daya Bay. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 135–147. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A monthly survey on the species composition of phytoplankton was conducted at 14 stations in Yaling Bay, Dapeng Bay and the mouth of Daya Bay in 2016, and 4 stations were selected as main sections to analyze the effects of thermal discharge on the phytoplankton community structure. In this study, the 12 months in 2016 were divided into the high temperature period and the low temperature period with 25°C as the boundary. The results suggested that the response of phytoplankton to elevated water temperature was significantly different during different periods: during the high temperature period, algae proliferated, among which diatom was the dominant species; during the low temperature period, diatom was still the dominant species, but its abundance fell significantly. During the low temperature period, however, Phaeocystis globosa and Akashiwo sanguinea were dominant species, dinoflagellate was not the dominant species, but its abundance rose. During the high temperature period, the proportion of Chaetoceros spp. rose to above 60%. Mechanical loading, high temperature, high pressure and residual chlorine from the nuclear power plant might damage or kill some phytoplankton cells, so in the drainage outlet area, the abundance of phytoplankton was lower than that in other stations and the diversity index of phytoplankton species was low. Thermal discharge increased zooplankton biomass during the low temperature period, and the top-down effect led to a high mortality rate of edible phytoplankton, while non-edible phytoplankton became the dominant species in the community. Compared with historical surveys, from the trial operation of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant to 2016, the water temperature difference between the core sea areas directly affected by thermal discharge and the rest of the areas became large first and then small, and the data showed that too high water temperature may reduce phytoplankton abundance and species diversity, while appropriately high water temperature may increase them.

Xiao, Q.; Li, R.; Li, C., and Fang, X., 2018. Predicting wave-induced ripple geometry and bottom friction factor. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 148–154. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The ripples induced by waves are prevalent in the offshore area. The accurate prediction of the ripple characteristics and bottom friction factors is the foundation of the research on the wave deformation, sediment transport and the evolution of shoreline. In this paper, the formulas commonly used for the calculation of the wave-induced ripples are analyzed and evaluated by using the published experimental data from the laboratory experiment and the field observation. The coordinated property of the bed form and the flow condition is considered, and a new prediction method is proposed to calculate the ripple equilibrium geometry such as length, height and steepness. The discriminant function including the wave critical Shields parameters is introduced to take the effect of the bed load transport into account. The formula of wave friction factor is derived theoretically, and the estimation of roughness height is improved by the sand ripples formulas. The results show that the proposed formulas can give a better description of the ripple characteristics when the bed load sediment move in different state. The critical Shields parameters influence greatly on the calculation ripple geometry. Moreover, the new ripple prediction can be used to calculate bottom friction factors efficiently.

Han, H. and Jiang, Y., 2018. The evolution of mariculture structures and environmental effects in China. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 155–166. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

China's fishery has undergone the structural changes of shifting from fishing-dominated to aquaculture-dominated sectors. Structural changes of mariculture sector are undergoing as a result of internal and external factors, rising demand, government promotion policies, technological advancement, resource and environmental constraints should be responsible for the evolution of geographical distribution, varieties, waters and modes, which in turn have exerted environmental impacts. It is shown that mariculture is transferring from traditional waters to deep-sea and onshore waters. Accompanying the development of new varieties, intensive modes are developed fast while traditional extensive modes are still dominant. The rapid development of intensive mariculture and modern mariculture modes has exerted internal source pollution to marine environment. To facilitate sustainable development of mariculture, it is necessary to expand the mariculture space, optimize the cultivated modes and varieties. It is believed that irrational human economic activities should be responsible for coastal water pollution and ecological degradation. Scientific guidance on mariculture industry layout, modern ecological farming pattern and reasonable matching cultured population, the development of mariculture technologies and pollution treatment facilities, and supervision and guidance of laws and regulations are urgently required to facilitate balanced sustainable development of mariculture.

Li, C.; Fu, X.; Xiao, Q.; Pan, X., and Cao, H., 2018. Vertical distribution of sediment concentration in offshore waters. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 167–171. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The existing formulae of vertical distribution of sand concentration are difficult to integrate. Based on the formula of vertical distribution of the flow velocity obtained in the previous study and the suspended sediment diffusion equation in equilibrium, a formula of the distribution of suspended sediment is deduced. It can effectively avoid the phenomena that the Rouse formula equals zero at the water surface. The field measurement data of Jiangsu Sea is used to verify and analyze the deuced formula. And results show that it has a high accuracy and it solve the difficulties caused by lack of data in engineering, such as only the sediment concentration on the surface is given.

Wang, S.; Dong, K.; Song, W.; Li, J., and Xing, C., 2018. Influence of stress shadow on multi-fractures initiation mechanism under volume fracturing in offshore oil drilling. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 172–178. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749–0208.

In order to reveal the multi-fractures initiation mechanism, according seepage theory, the full three-dimensional multi-fractures initiation local stress model was built by considering the existed of first fracture, the mechanism of stress shadow and initiation pressure change law of follow up fractures were given by simulation methods and combined the maximum tensile stress theory, the reliability was verified by application example. The analysis shows that: The stress shadow caused the existed of compaction zone near the fracture, the stress type was changed in the compaction zone, the minimum principal stress was increased, these lead that the fracture form changed or the fracture direction changed, and the initiation pressure increased; With the increased of elastic modulus and the fracture size, the compaction zone outward passage and affected area increased; After the number of existed fractures was more than 2, the increase of initiation pressure not obvious.

Yu, Z.; Jia, H., and Huang, X., 2018. Vibration fracture analysis and optimization design of ocean ship transmission shaft. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 179–183. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Aiming at solving the fracture problem of a ocean ship transmission shaft. Firstly, the ocean ship transmission shaft was constrained modal analysis by adopting finite elements method, the analysis results show that the first natural frequency was close to its excitation frequency, so the ocean ship transmission shaft resonance would be caused. Secondly, the ocean ship transmission shaft was modal test by adopting hammering method, the test results show that modal test frequency was basically consistent with the modal simulation frequency. Thirdly, the diameter and thickness of ocean ship transmission shaft tube were optimized and analyzed by adopting OptiStruct software, the optimal values were obtained. The ocean ship transmission shaft first two modal frequencies were all outside the excitation range after optimization, so the resonance would be maximally avoided. Lastly, the ocean ship transmission shaft was vehicle test, the test results show that the gearbox shell vibration was greatly reduced, the optimization effect was obvious, so failure problem was successfully solved.

Song, W.; Wang, W.; Guo, X., and Jiang, F., 2018. Autonomous return path planning method for small underwater robots. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 184–187. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The traditional underwater robot return path planning is vulnerable to interference, resulting in poor planning accuracy. In order to solve the problem, the fuzzy rules based research method is used to plan the autonomous return path for multiple small underwater robots and analyze the composition of the control system for path planning of underwater robot. According to the environmental information acquisition, the fuzzy rule is constructed. On this basis, the input and output variables are selected, and the selection results are made the fuzzy processing, so as to design the dynamic planning path. According to the planning process, the specific return path is determined. Through the experiment results, the highest accuracy of the planning method can reach 98%, and it has good effect on path planning.

Sun, P.; Dong, F.; Yao, Y., and Tan, M., 2018. Simulation of one-dimensional earthquake wave field for submarine viscoelastic medium in shallow sea environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 188–192. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, one way wave equation is used to simulate the one-dimensional earthquake wave field in the seabed, and the simulation accuracy is low. A method of one-dimensional earthquake wave field simulation based on finite difference is presented. Firstly, by using the parameters of earthquake wave field simulation, a one-dimensional earthquake wave field model is established. Then, according to the model, the constitutive relation between the relaxation modulus and the creep compliance of various rheological models under different conditions is calculated, and the stress response values are obtained according to the constitutive relation. Finally, based on the distribution law of the obtained earthquake wave field stress value, a one-dimensional earthquake wave field simulation is completed. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the simulation accuracy and the synthetic effect of earthquake wave field. The stress distribution curve agrees well with the actual stress curve.

Bai, Y. and Hu, Y., 2018. Overlying strata movement of below protective seam. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 193–198. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The characteristic and intensity of the overlying strata movement during the below protective seam mining play an important role to relieve the effect of the protected coal seam. Taking Wangjialing No. 2 mine as the experimental mine, with the method of deep base point, the settlement regularity of the immediate roof, basic roof and hard rock stratum are studied. At the same time, the mechanical model of basic roof.is analyzed. Results show that: The immediate roof is falling down layer by layer, lower part of immediate roof is the first to cave, and its upper caving lags behind the lower caving. The immediate roof will fall behind the working face; The settlement pattern of main key stratum is similar to that of the basic roof, but its amount and severity are less than that of the lower rock. With no abscission layer and no fracture for key layer delamination, the form is overall coordination of settlement; The movement of basic roof can be divided into three stages, and the settlement value increases as the measuring point become further to the coal face; the further the distance of the face to roof, the smaller the severity will be.

Han, J., 2018. Carrying capacity of low carbon tourism environment in coastal areas from the perspective of ecological efficiency. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 199–203. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The carrying capacity of tourism environment integrates the comprehensive factors such as social economy, resource ecology, etc., and becomes an important index to measure the quality of tourism environment and the sustainable development of tourism. Based on the ecological perspective, the carrying capacity of low-carbon tourism environment in coastal areas is studies in this paper. The state space method is used to describe and measure the carrying capacity and bearing status of low-carbon tourism environment. A model of carrying capacity of low-carbon tourism environment is constructed and the low-carbon tourism environment is quantified. The idea of “Economic benefit of tourism scale” is as the objective function, and the limitation of resources and eco-environmental factors is as the restraint to establish a linear programming model for carrying capacity of low-carbon tourism environment, and fulfill the research of carrying capacity of low-carbon tourism environment in coastal areas from the perspective of ecological efficiency. Taking Shandong Peninsula Group and Sanya City as an example, the carrying capacity of low-carbon tourism environment in coastal areas is studied.

Feng, F. and Ji, X., 2018. An empirical study on economic growth driving forces in onshore area. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 204–211. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on the Cobb–Douglas function, the research is about the economic growth driving forces of Yan'an city during 2000 to 2015, which has shown that capital input has made a dominant contribution, whereas labor input has made a negative affect on economic growth of Yan'an city. On the other hand, the results have shown that the drop of oil price impacted on Yan'an economy severely due to the improper economic transformation. On the other hand, the ineffectiveness of labor resources has become the essential problem owing to the input structure of capital and labor resources. It is proposed that the improvement on the accumulation of labor force to the economy through the accumulation of human capital should be able to change economic growth structure in Yan'an, so as to gradually achieve the transformation of its economic structure.

Ren, D. and Du, J., 2018. Marine foreign trade economic zone industry investment risk evaluation model under the background of the belt and road. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 212–216. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

For the conventional investment risk assessment model with stochastic simulation method to evaluate investment risk, it is difficult to calculate the weight of risk evaluation index, which is with a low accuracy of investment risk and benefit evaluation. To address this problem, a risk assessment model for industry investment in marine foreign trade economic zone based on support vector machine (SVM) is proposed in this paper. The evaluation index system of industry investment risk is constructed from two aspects of systematic risk and nonsystematic risk. The weight of each investment risk evaluation index is calculated by analytic hierarchy process, and the 3 industry investment projects are empirically analyzed by using the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model realizes the analysis and evaluation of risk through empirical analysis.

Liu, W. and Cao, Z., 2018. Positive role of marine tourism on economic stimulus in coastal area. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 217–220. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A new analysis model of simulative effect of marine tourism for economy in coastal area was proposed. This model used the grey relational method to quantitatively analyze the correlation between marine tourism and economic industry in coastal areas according to the marine tourism economic impact theory. The Grainger causality test strategy was introduced in the empirical analysis. The research shows that the stimulating effect of marine tourism on the economic development in coastal areas is obvious, the proposed model has high precision of analysis on stimulating effect.

Wang, X. and Li, F., 2018. Modeling and analysis of buildings' wind resistance and temperature loss process in coastal area. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 221–224. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the analysis process of resisting wind and temperature loss for buildings, there is a problem of poor detection effect by using traditional methods. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, a modeling and analysis method for resisting buildings' wind and temperature loss in coastal area is proposed. Combining the statistical analysis method with the structural stress analysis method, the construction principle of the model is analyzed, and the mechanical property of building to resist wind in coastal areas is researched; according to the map, simple objects and complex objects are managed, so that a complex object oriented conceptual model is designed, and experimental validation is carried out. The experimental results show that the model has a good effect on wind resistance and temperature loss resistance, and is more accurate than the traditional method.

Xiao, Y.; Luo, D., and Yin, K., 2018. Change of farmers' household livelihood strategies based on the coastal rural tourism background. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 225–228. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The paper use Probit model to analyze the effect of coastal rural tourism development on the farmers ‘household livelihood strategies in Three Gorges Reservoir. The results show: Participation in Coastal Rural Tourism Development farmers ‘household, the probability of engaged in agricultural works is significantly lower than not involved. The probability of local workers and own business is significantly higher than not involved. Therefore, the government should step up publicity to raise farmers' household awareness of and participation in policies. At the same time the government using the region's tourism resources, to create a unique travel model, so as to realize the farmers' household out of poverty and farmers' household livelihood strategies sustainable development.

Chang, D., 2018. Modeling and analysis of marine product trade on the coordinated development of economy and resource in border and coastal area. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 229–236. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine product trade has become an important driving force in international economic and trade exchange. The analysis of the relationship between marine product trade and border and coastal economic resource is of vital importance for promoting the economic development of coastal cities. The establishment of the coordinated development model of marine product trade and economy and resource of the border and coastal area can help improve the import and export volume of marine product. The research problem of traditional model is too simple, and the content of research is not deep enough. To address this problem, starting from the analysis of the effect mechanism of port economy on the development of coastal economy, based on the export orientation theory, agglomeration and diffusion effect, the dynamic process of marine product trade promoting economic development is analyzed. From the two aspects of theory and practice, it is revealed that there is a close relationship between marine product trade and economic development of the border and coastal area. The model is established by mathematical theory, and the feasibility of the model is verified by comparing with the traditional model. Experimental results show that the proposed model can quickly and effectively analyze the influence of s marine product trade on the coordinated development of economy and resource in the border and coastal area and promote the economic progress of the coastal cities.

Guo, C.; Guan, X.; Shi, L., and Qiu, S., 2018. The influence of earth pressure balanced shield tunnel underpassing coastal water body on stratum deformation. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 237–246. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The complexity of construction technology and the surrounding soil environment of shield tunnel, especially the construction of soil pressure balanced shield tunnel in soft foundation, will inevitably cause the settlement of the overlying soil stratum and surface of tunnel. When there is coastal water body on the surface above the tunnel, it will change the distribution and size of pore water pressure in the soil stratum below the coastal water body, thus affecting the settlement of the overlying soil stratum of tunnel. However, most urban subway tunnels are double-tunnel single-track shield tunnels, and successive tunnel construction will also cause the change of settlement law. In this paper, based on the analytical solution of Verruijt and Booker, combining with the principle of stratum equivalent stiffness and the distribution and action of surface coastal water body, the formula for calculating the stratum settlement caused by the construction of double-tunnel single-track shield tunnel underpassing coastal water body was derived. Taking the shield tunnel in Chaoyang Park Station-Zaoying Station of Beijing Metro Line No. 14 Project underpassing the Chaoyang Park lake body as the research object, the settlement values of the original stratum were calculated by the derived formula, and the calculated settlement values were compared with the monitoring settlement values. The results showed that the calculated settlement values were in good agreement with the monitoring settlement values, which verified the rationality and applicability of the formula, thereby providing a basis and reference for similar projects in the future.

Xu, M., 2018. Determination of Sr isotopes in seawater by mass spectrometry. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 247–250. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The traditional measurement method has the problems of small separation of matrix impurities, large loss of Sr and poor effect. Therefore, mass spectrometry is used to determine Sr isotopes in seawater. The anion and cation have different adsorption and desorption ability under different pH values. By using this characteristic, ion exchange resin is made as the ion exchange column. Using different concentrations and different leaching solution, the different ions separation from each other are prompted, thus obtaining relatively pure samples, and complete the test of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr by mass spectrometry. The experimental results show that the separation degree of impurities in the matrix is large, Sr has no loss, and the effect is better by the determination of Sr isotopes in seawater by mass spectrometry.

Xie, R.; Zhang, C.; Feng, S.; Duan, Y.; Chen, J., and Deng, T., 2018. Numerical simulation of rock failure process in offshore area. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 251–255. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The RFPA2D numerical simulation method is only suitable for studying the uniaxial compression failure process, so it has great limitations. To solve these problems, a new numerical simulation method for rock failure process in offshore area is proposed. The method is based on RFPA2D. Based on this idea, a RFPA3D numerical model is constructed to achieve numerical simulation of rock failure process. By simulating three basic experiments of uniaxial compression, uniaxial tension and shear rupture, the nonlinear stress - strain curves and the series images of damage and failure evolution in the same load stage are obtained. The experimental results show that RFPA3D can be more effective than RFPA2D to simulate the rock failure process in the offshore area, and the effect of the all direction al rock failure in 360° is present.

Zhang, Y.; Zhang, D., and Jin, J., 2018. Evacuation path optimization algorithm for inland river passenger ship in emergency situation. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 256–260. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The current ant colony algorithm has higher congestion and evacuation risk for the evacuation path of the personnel in hatchway. Therefore, an optimization algorithm based on particle swarm for evacuation path of the personnel in hatchway is proposed. In the algorithm, the shortest evacuation time is taken as the goal, and the corresponding emergency evacuation model is established. Then, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the model. In the process, the velocity and position of the particle are calculated, and the optimal velocity and position are obtained by iteration. Finally, based on fitness function, an evacuation model for the personnel in hatchway is established. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the evacuation congestion and the utilization ratio of the channel is about 30% higher than the minimum record, indicating the certain feasibility.

Lu, Y.; Fu, B.; Xi, X.; Zhang, Z., and Zhang, N., 2018. Medium rate control method for ship mobile network traffic generation. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 261–266. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The current rate control method can adjust the data transmission rate according to the congestion indicators of the ship mobile network, which can slow down the network congestion, but decline the whole network traffic, cause the transmission timeout problem, and cannot meet the network transmission fairness demand. To solve the congestion problem, a rate control method is proposed to start the corresponding rate control mechanism according to the cluster head and the congestion indicators in the cluster. The sum of the node utility functions in the maximized cluster is taken as the objective function of optimization. According to the congestion degree of the network feedback, the source data transfer rate is constantly adjusted, which can achieve the fairness of resources sharing ratio between nodes. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively alleviate network congestion and reduce the transmission delay.

Xiang, Y.; Wei, Y.; Wang, Y., and Meng, K. 2018. Seismic resistance performance of shear wall structure of assembled coastal buildings. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 267–271. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The seismic resistance bearing and deformation capacity of the traditional wall structure is poor, and the force is not uniform, which leads to the high risk of building collapse. In order to solve this problem, the seismic resistance performance of the shear wall structure of the assembled coastal buildings is analyzed in this paper. On the basis of monotonic load, the mechanical properties of the structure under cyclic loading are analyzed, and a nonlinear numerical model is constructed. The fitting degree of the seismic resistance bearing capacity of the assembled shear wall structure is calculated. On the basis of this, the displacement ductility coefficient and the equivalent viscous damping coefficient are studied. The stiffness of the shear wall structure of the assembled coastal buildings is obtained so as to study the seismic resistance performance. The experimental results show that the wall structure has good seismic resistance bearing capacity, strong deformation capacity and uniform force. It can build a seismic resistance line for the shear wall structure of assembled coastal buildings.

Shen, C. and Xue, S., 2018. Displacement prediction of rainfall-induced landslide based on machine learning. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 272–276. Coconut Creek (Florida), I SSN 0749-0208.

China is a country with frequent landslides, and landslides damage the infrastructure, which has seriously affected the modernization of the country and the lives of the people. There are quite a lot of cities and villages in China suffering from landslides and the average annual economic losses are numerous. Meanwhile, landslides also affect the key construction projects in many countries. According to statistics, about 90% of the landslides are related to rainfall. Under this background, how to predict the rainfall-induced landslide has become an urgent problem to be solved at present. Taking the monitoring area of the Baijiabao landslide of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area as the research object, combining the machine learning of the genetic algorithm and support vector regression (SVR) method, a rainfall-induced landslide displacement model is established to predict the displacement of the rainfall-induced landslide, which is to provide some reference value for landslide prediction.

Xu, J.; Xiang, Y.; Li, D., and Meng, K., 2018. The quality control analysis on the drainage layer of the floor of the underground building structure in the coastal area. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 277–281. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The example of building construction in China has the phenomenon of underground development, which leads to the strong demand for underground waterproofing. However, at this stage, the relative underground drainage design is not paid attention to, which directly affects the quality of the underground waterproofing of the building. Every year, in the coastal areas, the loss and the accident of the underground water leakage occurred. In order to effectively improve the waterproofing quality of the buildings in the coastal area, a system of quality control for drainage layer construction based on the integration of waterproofing and drainage is designed. Taking the actual design of the drainage layer in basement waterproofing works in a coastal area as the object, the simulation experiment test is carried out, and the main points of the architectural design are analyzed, so as to detect the quality control of the floor's drainage layer of underground buildings in the coastal area.

Zeng, W., 2018. Analysis on change characteristics of soluble silica in shallow groundwater of coastal area caused by seawater intrusion. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 282–286. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Seawater intrusion is a kind of geological hazard that has strong potential, of highly harmful and is hard to be eliminated in a short period of time. It has seriously threatened the survival and development of human beings, especially those living in the coastal areas. The change of seawater intrusion in Dalian is taken as an example, continuous sampling and chemical experiments are performed on shallow groundwater in three different areas around Dalian City, and the change trend of characteristic of soluble SiO₂. The results show that the groundwater in this area is mostly of Na-Cl type and alkaline, and is a transitional type of weathered leaching and evaporation. The soluble SiO₂ content in groundwater is 57.56–75.41 mg / L, and the content of SiO₂ fluctuates slightly depending on the surrounding environmental conditions. The fluctuation is caused by mineral dissolution, seawater intrusion and water-rock interactions on its path. The content of soluble SiO₂ in the water of a single test point at the same time fluctuates as well, and the change in different periods of time is also more obvious. The soluble SiO₂ dominates in the form of monomolecular orthosilicic acid, and all kinds of silicates present dissolved, saturated and equilibrium states, and the states transform into each other. The single factor analysis is used to evaluate the content of soluble SiO₂ and metal ions in groundwater. The groundwater affected by seawater intrusion in Dalian is analyzed, and the comprehensive evaluation of recent shallow groundwater quality in Dalian is carried out. The total dissolved solids, total hardness, chlorides, sulfates and other indicators are selected as the evaluation criteria, and the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the characteristics of soluble SiO₂ and quality of groundwater in Dalian are performed using fuzzy set which is based on entropy weight and analysis and evaluation method. According to the overall research results, the proportion of saturated mineral species in groundwater in Dalian is relatively high. Therefore, groundwater in the coastal area, as an open system of transition between land and sea, can promote the dissolution of different minerals and the saturated decomposition of water bodies.

Deng, H.; Sima, L.; Zhang, F.; Liu, F.; Wu, W.; Sui, X., and Wang, X., 2018. The estimation method of T_2cutoff value for basin marine facies carbonate cores based on fractal theory. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 287–294. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Transverse relaxation time cutoff value (T_2cutoff) is one of the most important parameters for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging. However, traditional experimental methods to determine the T_2cutoff value are time-consuming, troublesome and expensive. In this paper, the proposed method derived from fractal theory and Coates model helps to easily get the estimation value of T_2cutoffonly on the condition of brine-saturated NMR T₂ spectrum. To verify the accuracy, experiments of NMR, X-ray and centrifugation have been finished on the basin marine facies carbonate cores from Syria. We find that the method not only distinguishes clay and capillary bound fluid information on the T₂ spectra but also effectively estimate the T_2cutoff values whose errors less than 8%. Calcite, clay, dolomite and quartz show complex influence on movable porosity derived from T_2cutoff estimation. Clay and movable porosity is the reason to porosity varying little but permeability varying a lot.

Wang, H.; He, S., and Fei, C., 2018. Deterioration performance of damaged concrete beams under freezing-thawing cycle and chloride environment in coastal cities. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 295–299. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The experiments of the reinforced concrete beams with different cracking damage under the freezing-thawing cycles and chloride ingress were carried out to analyze the physical and mechanical changes according to the experimental results. The results show that the apparent appearance and mass of beams with different damage were not obvious, but the ultimate carrying capacity of the beams decreases obviously with the increase of freezing thawing cycles, and the more damage was, the lower the ultimate carrying capacity in beams was obvious in 100 cycles.

Guo, C.; Han, K.; Shi, L., and Cui, M., 2018. Superiority analysis of composite structure of initial lining segment and secondary lining molded concrete. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 300–304. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the construction of second section water conveyance tunnel from Tuancheng Lake to No.9 water plant of Beijing South-to-North water transfer project, the second lining structure has the problems of large section, complex structure and difficult construction, and the self developed steel mould trolley has been used in concrete pouring of first lining of whole circle, thus making the entire lining section concrete a coherent whole, which effectively guarantees the lining quality and waterproof requirements of the water conveyance tunnel, and improves the durability. In order to analyze the superiority of the composite structure, in this paper, the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are adopted to compare the ratio of maximum compressive stress to tensile stress between the shield segment and secondary lining molded concrete structure, and a quick and concise method to determine the optimal thickness of the optimal secondary lining molded concrete structure is proposed, which can provide reference for the rapid, safe and high-quality design and construction of large section water conveyance tunnel.

Zou, T., 2018. Modeling and analysis of the influence of costal remediation and repair management project on the coastal erosion and siltation. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 305–308. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In view of the problem that the modeling results of the current coastal erosion and siltation by using the current modeling mothed are not ideal, the modeling efficiency is low and the flexibility is poor, the modeling method of coastal erosion and siltation based on numerical simulation is proposed. The sediment transport equation is calculated by the critical shear stress, sediment carrying capacity and particle sedimentation velocity, and the numerical simulation results of the influence of costal remediation and repair management project on the coastal erosion and siltation are obtained according to the obtained parameters. According to the simulation results, the parameters of submerged depth, submerged flow velocity and silt time in the characteristics of water depth in tidal flat are calculated, and the parameters and variable factors are combined to complete the construction of coastal erosion and siltation model. The experimental results show that the modeling results are highly fitted to the actual values, the modeling speed is fa st, and the flexibility coefficient is large.

Liu, J.; Peng, J.; Huang, F.; Liu, X., and Luo, Y., 2018. Influence of harbor cement production on the concentration of solid suspension in the surrounding atmosphere. In: Liu Z.L. and Mi C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 309–315. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, the production of harbor cement has a very serious negative impact on the surrounding air environment. Therefore, a method for studying the concentration of solid suspension in the atmosphere based on AERMOD model is proposed. According to the statistical data and monitoring data of pollutant emission amount of cement production, this kind pollutant is analyzed, and the relationship between pollutant emission intensity and the measured concentration of atmospheric environment is established; harbor cement production is simulated by using the AERMOD mode, to calculate the influence degree of harbor cement production on the suspended solids concentration in the atmosphere surrounding. Experiments show that when the discharge diameter is 2.458 µm, the mass concentration of particulate matter is the maximum of 2.353 mg/m. Based on the results, the distribution characteristics of pollutants in the harbor cement production enterprises can be grasped, to effectively improve the harbor cement production process from the source.

Lu, X.; Cui, M.; Wang, P., and Li, B., 2018. Application in cement soil of stabilizer in silt soft soil of Wuxi in China. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 316–323. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Soft silty soils are widespread on floodplains and have a high natural water content, void ratio, weak permeability (10-10 cm/s), high strength, and low compressive engineering characteristics. Therefore, taking necessary action in areas where these soils are present is vital because they pose tremendous risks to the reliability of engineering. In this paper, the intensity variation rule of cement pile mixing in soft soil on the Wicheng Road, in the city of Wuxi, China, was studied under various unconfirmed compression strength tests, and with different stabilizer mixing agents and ages. For convenience to application to solidified soil engineering, we also confirmed a 28 day predictive model for the strength of solidified soil when different quantities were added, by date fitting using MATLAB. Our experimental results provide a reference for design of soft soil foundations, and show that cement content exerts a large influence on the strength of soft silt soil. The strength of a solidified soil increases linearly as cement content increases. Under conditions where there is a fixed amount of cement, incorporation of fly ash, lime, triethanolamine, sodium chloride, and sand, have different raising effects on the curing strength of silt soil. Indeed, it is important that these additives are mixed in optimal dosages, as too much or too little can augment the impact strength of a stabilized soil.

Zhang, S.; Sun, L.; Yang, T.; Song, S., and Xu, K., 2018. Resistance appearance design of deep-sea vehicle under complex seabed terrain. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 324–327. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this research, a resistance appearance of modular deep-sea vehicle has been designed, which has the basic navigation ability and can extend other functions. Using the 3D design software Solidworks and the computational fluid dynamics software CFX, the appearance is optimized to reduce the appearance power of the deep-sea vehicle. The connection form of each function module and between the cabins are made modular design, to make the structure more simple, convenient replacement and maintenance; In addition, the theoretical calculation and software simulation for the strength and stability of the pressure resistant shell are also carried out. The experiment proved that the design of the appearance of the deep-sea vehicle using sensor onboard navigation can complete the basic functions, including Autonomous directional navigation, autonomous constant speed navigation, autonomous constant depth navigation and position closed-loop navigation function, of which the cost is low, greatly reducing the workload.

Wang, Y.; Yang, L.; Zhao, L., and Deng, Y., 2018. Design of simulation training system for remote sensing large data processing of natural disasters. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 328–334. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Satellite monitoring is an important means of monitoring forest fire, it has the characteristics of aging fast, wide monitoring range. However, on the one hand,the operation of ground receiving equipment is so complex that can be only mastered by powerful training. On the other hand, the equipment is too expensive to meet so many trainers' requirement of actual operation. The simulation training system can solve this problem preferable. The system utilizes the virtual simulation technology to simulate the satellite monitoring in forest fire and complies with satellite orbiting around the earth, HD video capturing,image receiving, image storing,image decoding, fire identifing,fire alarm and so on.Combined with particle animation, skeletal animation and other technologies,it can achieve both static and dynamic, immersive effect.

Zhao, Z.; Peng, G.; Feng, M., and Liu, J., 2018. Optimized design on the disc stack of lubricating oil separator based on CFD theory and orthogonal experiments. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 335–342. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The recycle and reuse of lubricating oil have social and economic benefits. To optimize the design, it is important to study the inner flow field of lubricating oil separator with numerical method. Because of the error in the traditional empirical equation, the configuration of the disc stack is optimized in 9 experimental projects to achieve the best configuration through numerical simulation. The result shows that the efficiency of the calculation and separation meet the demand of the design, the calculated separation efficiency is slightly higher than the actual efficiency with a difference of 1.5% in oil-water separation and a difference of 1.4% in particle separation. According to this result, it is applicable to adopt orthogonal experiment design and CFD theory to optimize theconfiguration of the disc stack.

Liu, M.; Wang, L.; Liu, H.; Ji, X., and Liu, J., 2018. A fractal model for fluid leak rates through contact rough surfaces under a changing fluid pressure. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 343–349. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The leakage of fluid always emerges from the contact seal area. This phenomenon could be described by fractal porous media theory, in which the region of contact surfaces could be regarded as a porous medium. And Darcy percolation theory has been introduced to analyze the traditional leakage of the area. This paper constructs a fractal model for fluid leak rates of contact rough surfaces under changing fluid pressures. The variation on the pore number, the porosity, the fractal dimensions and the fluid permeability with the change of the liquid pressure is presented in the form of function relationship. The new model is in better agreement with the experiment results compared with the traditional one.

Wang, X. and Yu, Y., 2018. Effects of equal channel angular extrusion assisted by ultrasonic and subsequent heat treatment on tribological properties of 65Mn for marine vessels. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 350–355. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The friction and wear properties of 65Mn processed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) assisted by ultrasonic and subsequent heat treatment processing under dry sliding condition were evaluated on a block on ring MM-2000 tribometer. The effects of ECAE assisted by ultrasonic and heat treatment on the tribological properties of 65Mn were investigated. The worn surface morphologies of 65Mn were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the wear mechanisms were discussed. The results showed that ECAE assisted by ultrasonic and heat treatment contributed to improve the friction and wear behaviours of 65Mn remarkably. The friction coefficient and wear loss of 65Mn decreased after ECAE assisted by ultrasonic and heat treatment. The maximum wear reduction was obtained when the heat treatment temperature after ECAE was 774 K. Adhesion wear and delamination were notable for the initial 65Mn. The material delamination was greatly abated when the heat treatment temperature of 65Mn processed by ECAE was 774 K.

Cheng, Z., 2018. Thermal characteristics of aluminum conductor composite core. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 356–358. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this paper, the thermal characteristics of aluminum conductor composite core (ACCC) are studied with the example of ACCC315/40 conductor.The simulation software is used to simulate the relationship between the temperature and the temperature of the conductor under the condition of ACCC, and the influence of the wind speed on the surface temperature of the wire. The results show that with the increasing of numerical operation line current, wire surface temperature will increase, when the environment temperature changes, the temperature of wire will change the wind speed in the range of 0–1m/s, the wire surface temperature drop more largely, as the wind speed increases, the wire surface temperature drops greatly. The research of this paper provides the basis for the real-time monitoring of the conductor.

Fu, L.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Z.; Chen, Y., and He, C., 2018. Ion adsorption of rice straw to marine heavy metal polluted waste water. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 359–363. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The structure of rice straw fiber is modified by opening the bond of cellulose molecular chain, introducing new functional groups, changing inherent characteristics of cellulose. The cellulose adsorbent with high adsorption capacity is prepared, and used to simulate adsorption study of marine heavy metal Cr (VI) waste water. Through adsorption experiments, the adsorption performance of modified rice straw for Cr (VI) in simulated waste water is studied. Experimental results show that the absorbance of modified straw adsorbent for ion type fuel has obvious PH dependence, along with the increase the dosage of modified straw, removal rate of Cr (VI) ion in the solution is augmented.

Zhang, S.;Wu, W.; Zheng, Q., and Wang, M., 2018. Effect of dispersants on bio-degradation of marine spilled oil. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 364–368. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Light crude oil and heavy crude oil are selected to stimulate spilled oil pollution, mixed ratio of nonionic surfactant agent in dispersants of spilled oil is designed to determine the formula of efficient low temperature environment-friendly dispersant and the suitable application conditions, the effect of dispersant dosage, water salinity and temperature on the emulsification rate of spilled oil. Enriched oil degrading mixed bacteria is selected as the bio-degradation bacteria. Effect of dispersant dosage on bio-degradation of crude oil and influence of adding nutrient salts on bio-degradation of crude oil after emulsification of dispersants are studied by batch shaking experiment. Experimental results show that adding proportional dispersants is beneficial to the growth and propagation of microorganisms and the degradation of crude oil. The addition of nutrient salts can also significantly improve the bio-degradation rate of dispersants after emulsification of dispersants.

Lang, J.; Zhang, T.; Zhu, H.; Zeng, J., and Liang, X., 2018. Cyclostratigraphy under the control of orbital periods: A case study of the late ordovician-early silurian strata. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 369–374. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To study the Milankovitch cycles in the late Ordovician-early Silurian strata, this study uses the fast Fourier transform mathematical function and one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform provided by MATLAB software to analyse the natural gamma-ray logging curve of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the study area. The results show that the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation widely preserves the (Milankovitch) depositional cycles of 405 ka, 100 ka, 42 ka, and 21 ka. The primary cyclostratigraphy is controlled by paleoclimate. The thicknesses of cyclostratigraphies induced by eccentricity, obliquity and precession are approximately 12.208 m, 2.616 m, 1.221 m, and 0.621 m, respectively. The effect of the eccentricity period is the largest, of which the time span calculated by spectrum analysis and wavelet transform is generally consistent. The mathematical functions in MATLAB simplify the processes of mathematical operations, providing an effective approach for the future study of cyclostratigraphy.

You, L.; You, L.; Hu, N.; Yang, L.; Sun, Y., and Song, J., 2018. Influence of straw incineration sediments on heavy metal accumulation in marine organisms. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 375–379. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the development of economy and the progress of agricultural science and technology, the demand of straw as a domestic fuel has been greatly reduced, resulting in the phenomenon of straw burning becoming more and more serious, which brings many problems, such as air pollution, fire, and the aircraft cannot take off normally. In addition, the residue after straw incineration contains a large number of toxic and harmful substances, but people are notcare for it.Some are buried on the spot,whichdestroying the soil structure and causing a decline in the quality of the farmland; some othersare dumping into the sea, and form the straw incineration sediments after a long time of accumulation, which has serious impact on marine organisms.The accumulation of heavy metals is one of the main problems caused by the burning of straw. Taking Jiaozhou Bay as an example, the influence of straw incineration sediments on the accumulation of heavy metals in marine organisms around Jiaozhou Bay was investigated in this paper. Firstly, we used the atomic fluorescence photometer and the atomic absorption spectrophotometerto determine the content of various heavy metals in the surface straw incineration sediments and marine organismsof Jiaozhou Bay; secondly, the geochemical method is used to analyze the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation in marine organisms; and then we used the spearmari's correlation coefficient method to analyze the correlation of heavy metals contentin sediments and marineorganisms. The results showed that the accumulation ability of fish to heavy metals was the worst, while crustaceans and molluscs were stronger. Heavy metals in sediments could promote or inhibit the accumulation of heavy metals by marine organisms, which had the strongest inhibitory influence on crustaceans. The results can provide a basis for the selective breeding and planting of marine organisms.

Han, C.; Zhang, X.; Li, L.; Chen, S.; Yan, Z.; Gao, X., and Chang, J., 2018. Analysis and evaluation of tetrodotoxin in coastal aquatic products of Zhejiang Province. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 380–385. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A total of 306 coastal aquatic products were collected from representative aquaculture area and local markets in Zhoushan, Taizhou and Wenzhou cites of Zhejiang province between 2013 and 2014.Tetrodotoxin (TTX) content in edibletissue was analyzed by means of the ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in multiple reactionsmonitoring mode.In May, detection rate reached its peak in Zhoushan (8.33%) and Wenzhou (13.3%) cities, while a maximum detection rate of 33.3% in Taizhou city was found until June.Out of the captured and processed aquatic products, puffer fish (Lagocephalus gloveri), horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpins rotundicauda), dried puffer fish, dried leatherjacket fish (Thamnaconus modestus), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), short necked clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), Chinese razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) and hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) were detected as the positive ones with TTX level ranged from 0.88 μg/kg -162 μg/kg . These findings suggest that TTX monitoring in coastal area of Zhejiang province should be implemented to detect potentially toxic contamination in non-reported species, and study seasonal or geographical patterns in TTX-containing samples.

Zhao, X. and Yang, S., 2018. The asymmetric synthesis of furanoseterterpene from marine natural products. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 386–391. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this paper, the asymmetric synthesis of furanoseterterpene from marine natural products is studied. In the stereo selective synthesis of 16-deacetoxy-scalarafuran, (+) -scalarolid and the analogues of both, scalareol is as starting material and by eight steps reaction, methyl ent-isocopalate is synthetized; in the synthesis of sesterstatins 4/5 and scalarafuran, methyl ent-isocopalate is as the intermediate, to complete the stereoinversion hydroxyl. The key intermediate, III-25, is obtained by Wittig reaction, and the halogenated furan ring is introduced. The intramolecular reductive Heck reaction is as the key step, to get the natural product sesterstatins 4/5 and scalarafuran; in the synthesis of sesterterpene compounds with furan ring, compound II-16 is as the substrate, and the intermediate IV12 and IV13 can be obtained by four steps reaction; the epoxy compounds are obtained by double bond epoxidation. Experiments show that this method is very versatile and greatly improves the development accuracy of marine products.

Xiang, P.; Wu, Z.; Niu, W.; Ye, Y., and Lin, M., 2018. A trypsin from euphausia pacifica (TEP B): Functional groups and effects of metal ions. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 392–396. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Euphausia pacifica is a widely distributed euphausiid of Chinese coastal waters with a large biomass. It is a kind of seafood with high nutritive value, indicates to be a potential large massive protein resource. A 32.3 kDa trypsin (TEP B) with isoelectric point 4.3 and amidase activity was purified and identified from E. pacifica. The effects of metal ions and the modifications of chemicals on the functional groups of TEP B were performed. The activity of TEP B was activated by 0.3-0.5 mmol Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and was inhibited by 0.1-0.5 mmol Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺; the effect of TEP B was promoted with 0.2 mmol Mn²⁺, but inhibited with 0.5 mmol Mn²⁺. The cysteine, tryptophan, histidine and arginine residues of TEP B are essential to the activity, stability and flexibility; lysine, aspartic or glutamic residues of TEP B are not located in the activity site. The study provides supplement to digestive physiology of crustacean.

Shu, J.; Chen, Z.; Xu, C., and Liu, W., 2018. Recognition method of fish image with dynamic deformation based on depth learning network model. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 397–401. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Due to the failure distortion correction of the fish image with dynamic deformation, there cognition accuracy of traditional fish image with dynamic deformation is not high, therefore, a recognition method of fish image with dynamic deformation based on deep learning network model is proposed in this paper. By dividing the fish image with dynamic deformation, the segmented image is made rotation synthesis, to realize the deformation correction. Based on the deep learning network model algorithm, the partial derivative value of each parameter of fish image with dynamic deformation is calculated, to determine the characteristics distribution point of the fish image with dynamic deformation, and realize the fish image recognition. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately recognize the fish image with dynamic deformation, and the recognition results are better.

Lang, J.; Zhang, T.; Zhu, H.; Zeng, J., and Liang, X., 2018. Establishment and application of the ideal model to the milankovitch cycle: A case study of well Y9 in the northern Yunnan-Guizhou area. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special IssueNo. 83, pp. 402–408. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To study the characteristics of the Milankovitch cycle in the strata of the northern Yunnan-Guizhou block, we selected the geophysical well logging curve as the primary research subject. Our goals were to discuss the method used to identify the Milankovich cycle and to establish an ideal model for this cycle. Moreover, we investigated the factors that influenced the ideal model using the data length and data interval, preliminarily established a set of methods for Milankovitch cycle identification based on wavelet analysis, and determined the procedures for dividing the Milankovich cycle. Finally, we used this method to study the Milankovich cycle in the Longmaxi Formation strata of Well Y9 in the northern Yunnan-Guizhou block, and we found that a very good Milankovich cyclic period is recorded in the strata. This finding supports the validity of this model, and it can guide the studies of the actual strata, providing a new method for cyclostratigraphic studies.

Luo, Q. and Li, J., 2018. Influence of oceanic climate on flow and heat-transfer capability of R410A cooling medium finned tubular heat ex-changer. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 409–413. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The research method combining numerical simulation with experimental research was proposed. The shell structure of heat exchanger was simplified reasonably, the method of numerical simulation was used to build the flow and heat-transfer model of exchanger through ANASY CFX software. The mesh adaptivity method was used to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation and calculate velocity of shell characteristics and Re_s. Then the influence of temperature, the humidity, the wind speed on flow and heat-transfer performance of R410A cooling medium finned tubular heat exchanger was experimented. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately describe the influence of oceanic climate on the flow and heat-transfer performance of R410A cooling medium finned tubular heat exchanger.

Liu, Y. and Zhang, Z., 2018. Preparation of polymeric adsorbent and study of its adsorption of heavy metal ions in water. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 414–417. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of heavy metal ion adsorbents, such as inorganic adsorbents, organic macromolecule adsorbents and composite adsorbents, are analyzed. The adsorption properties of metal ions commonly used in the present stage are studied, it is found that large heavy metal sludge is produced during processing of these materials. Therefore, the preparation of polymeric adsorbents and adsorption of heavy metal ions in water are studied and reviewed. The research status and development trend of novel heavy metal ion adsorbents are also discussed. Through the combination of modern detection techniques and analytical tools, experiments are carried out to test the preparation of polymeric adsorbents and the adsorption properties to heavy metal ions in water. The experimental results show that there is interaction between the adsorption capacity of polymeric adsorbents and heavy metal ions.Thus, the use of polymer adsorbents can better enhance the adsorption of heavy metal ions in water. This has important theoretical and practical significance for expanding the adsorption mechanism and developing the adsorptive material with excellent performance.

Chen, J., 2018. Spectrum features analysis of ocean wind and wave based on fast Fourier transform algorithm. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journalof Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 418–422. Coconut Creek (Florida), I SSN 0749-0208.

The traditional analysis method for spectrum features of ocean wind and wave, has the problems of the low spectrum feature definition and less total amount of data processing. In order to solve the above problems, a method based on fast Fourier transform is designed to analyze the spectrum features of ocean wind and wave. Through three steps of complex exponential function and its particularity research, Fourier transform and its fast algorithm determination, and spectrum feature estimation of ocean wind and wave, the Fourier transform and spectrum feature analysis are completed. The new method is built by three steps: Spectrum feature extraction, spectrum feature recognition and spectrum feature map generation. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional method, the new method greatly improves the definition and the total data processing amount of spectrum feature.

Ma, L., 2018. Experimental study on corrosion resistance of carbon fiber reinforced concrete for sea crossing bridge. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 423–428. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The traditional method of concrete corrosion protection and reinforcement is to repair damaged parts with fine stone concrete, so that it cannot restore the structural bearing capacity lost due to corrosion of steel bar, and has poor corrosion resistance. In order to solve this problem, the corrosion resistance test of carbon fiber reinforced concrete for cross sea crossing bridge was analyzed and studied. Firstly, the main reasons for the erosion of concrete structures in seawater were described. The main characteristics of corrosion damage were extracted, and the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced concrete and steel bar were tested. The improved effect of different reinforcement methods on the durability of the specimen was analyzed, and the loading test was carried out after the reinforcement of the carbon fiber for the corroded beam. During the experiment, the influence of corrosion on the flexural behavior of RC beam and the regularity of carbon fiber reinforcement on corrosion beams were analyzed. The experimental results show that the durability of reinforced concrete members is enhanced by carbon fiber reinforced technology.

Cai, J.; Dong, F., and Luo, Z., 2018. Durability of concrete bridge structure under marine environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 429–435. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

According to the known erosion mechanism of chloride ion on concrete structure and the mechanism of steel corrosion, the evaluation index system and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation factor set for studying the durability of concrete bridge structure are established, and the durability evaluation model of concrete bridge structure under the environment of chloride ion erosion. Taking into account the uncertainty of the main parameters in the life assessment model, based on the Monte Carlo principle, the random simulation of concrete members is carried out by using Crystal Ball software. The results of random simulation show that the thickness of protective layer and the concentration of chloride ion are the important parameters that affect the durability of concrete structure under chloride erosion. In the durability evaluation of concrete bridge structure, the thickness of the protective layer and the concentration of chloride should be paid attention to.

Wang, S.; Liu, D., and Wang, Z., 2018. Feature analysis and control method of seepage deformation of rock and soil in port and coast. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 436–441. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

It is difficult to effectively reflect seepage deformation features and development process of rock and soil by detecting the seepage hazard of rock and soil and concentrated seepage channel using current seepage deformation feature analysis methods. It cannot directly evaluate the anti-seepage performance of coastal rock and soil. This paper presents a method for analysis and control of seepage deformation of rock and soil in port and coast. By determining the type of seepage deformation of soil and the critical hydraulic slope or the allowable hydraulic slope, it is determined whether the dam foundation is deformed due to seepage by the comparison between the critical hydraulic gradient and the actual hydraulic gradient, so as to develop a reasonable and effective control plan. The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide the theoretical basis for the construction of port and coast engineering, and seepage prevention and reduction for dam foundation.

Li, Y. and Dong, F., 2018. Fire resistance of steel bridge considering damage of marine environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 442–447. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The traditional method does not consider the fire resistance of steel bridges subjected to chloride ion corrosion. Therefore, a method for studying the fire resistance of steel bridges under consideration of the damage of marine environment is proposed. First of all, the thermal and mechanical properties of steel bridges at high temperature are analyzed. Then, the corrosion mechanism of steel bridges considering the damage of marine environment is analyzed. Finally, the maximum width of initial crack generated by chloride erosion is acted as the damage index for rapid chloride corrosion test, and then the fire test is performed for components of different damage degree. The experimental results show that the corrosion damage index has a significant influence on the fire resistance of the steel bridge, and the greater width of the corrosion crack indicates larger loss of the flexural capacity of the specimen.

Pan, W.; Ye, Y.; Li, X.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, Z., and Lai, X., 2018. Calculation and analysis of new taxiing modes on aircraft pollutant emissions in coastal airports of China. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 448–455. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This study introduces new taxiing modes for aircraft taxiing by ground equipment and onboard equipment. According to each airport timetable , aircraft/engine combination information, aircraft/APU combination information, ICAO Aircraft Engine Emissions Databank, APU emission data, APU power settings and the meteorological data of each airport, combining with the Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 (BFFM2), the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of all airports' aircrafts during full taxiing and new taxiing modes are calculated. During the taxiing period in 2017, 9 airports will consume 938019.54 tons of fuel and emit 2713.05 tons, 22882.00 tons, 3500.25 tons, 2959451.66 tons, and 750.42 tons of HC, CO, NO_x and CO₂ respectively. The new taxiing modes will reduce at least 75% of fuel consumption and 60% of pollutant emissions.

Wei, Q.; Xu, Y.; Li, C., and Zhang, Y., 2018. Efficiency evaluation of LCL transshipment at port railway container intermodal terminal. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 456–464. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Less than container load (LCL) is favored by medium and small traders because of its ability to promote the flexibility of supply chain. The efficiency of LCL cargo transshipment has a great influence on customers. This study is concerned with the problem of transshipment efficiency of port railway container intermodal terminal LCL cargo. Based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of LCL and the characteristics of the goods itself, this paper establishes a evaluation index system, by using the DEA-AHP model and the principal component analysis method with the aid of SPSS, and takes one port container terminal as an example. The results show that the efficiency of LCL transshipment at port railway container intermodal terminal is mainly controlled by the key factors such as arrival time, loading rate and cargo volume, and the order of the index is cargo arrival time, loading rate, freight volume, road network ability. The research can provide decision support to the development of the LCL scheme for the railway transportation enterprises, and promote the development of sea-railway intermodal.

Qushan port is an important port for ore carrier berthing in China in future. At present, there is less research on the navigation safety evaluation of this port, so it is necessary to study the navigation safety evaluation there. In the present paper, the navigation conditions of Qushan port is evaluated by using navigation knowledge and relevant countermeasures are put forward. The research results show that the width of the annex waters can meet the requirements of 400000 DWT ship's navigation, but the water depth condition is limited, and the 400000 DWT ships must use the tide to enter the harbor in order to ensure the ship safety.

Qi, J.; Xu, C., and Ai, W., 2018. The evaluation of navigation conditions in Zhoushan Qushan port. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 465-468. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

For the problem that the current fault diagnosis efficiency of vehicle exhaust system based on cold test is low, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method of port vehicle exhaust system using principal component analysis method. This method used the historical data aggregating normal working conditions of exhaust system, and found the principal component model of causality among variables in the process of expressing the normal working condition according to the statistical mode. If the real-time monitoring data did not correspond with the principal component model, we could determine the existence of fault in the exhaust system, then used change of each variable of measured data to analyze the variance contribution rate of principal component model, realizing fault diagnosis. Experimental result shows that the fault diagnosis noise of the proposed method is about 50dB lower than that of other methods, and the diagnostic stability and diagnosis rate are improved.

Ji, W. and Li, B., 2018. Fault diagnosis method of exhaust system of port vehicle. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 469–473. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine soft clay is a modern sediment dominated by fine particles in the hydrostatic or slow flow. Because of its special dynamic characteristics, it has been widely applied in the construction of major projects such as highways, railways and airport runways. It greatly reduces the possibility of catastrophic deformation and instability caused by long term use and avoids huge economic losses.In the construction of engineering, it is urgent to analyze the dynamic characteristics of soft clay and solve the difficulties in the project.Based on the GDS vibration triaxial test, the dynamic characteristics of soft clay, namely dynamic modulus and damping ratio, are studied with marine soft clay produced by a practical engineering site in North China.The test results show that with the increase of cycle times, the dynamic modulus of soil gradually decreases, and the damping ratio increases, but the increase in amplitude is related to the level of cyclic stress. The increase of the cyclic stress level and the application of the initial deviatoric stress will accelerate the attenuation of the dynamic modulus, which leads to the increase of the damping ratio. In contrast to the dynamic modulus, the deviatoric stress has a more significant influence on the damping ratio.

Zhao, Y.; Du, X.; Xiong, B., and Zhang, D., 2018. Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of marine soft clay in North China. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 474–478. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

For this kind of complex system equipment, parts fault detection of single large difficulty and low efficiency from the whole system considering many factors can lead to failure, and these factors affect each other, and the fault also exists between some logical relations, because of the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis accurately and effectively is very difficult. Based on the analysis of the traditional Petri Net application in the field of fault diagnosis, this paper gives fault diagnosis modeling expression of different classification problem & a kind of theory, and introduces transition token matrix representation of traces transition in order to express path of fault propagation. On this basis, from several aspects which are the TTFPN definition, this paper discusses the theory and technology of fault definition of seafloor drilling based on traces transition. Finally, the reasoning between the intelligent diagnosis function and the fault propagation path is verified by the mathematical model reasoning of the fault data.

Yang, J.; Tang, Z.; Wang, Z.; Wang, X.; Huang, Q., and Wu, M., 2018. Improved fault petri nets of unmanned seafloor drilling based on traces transition. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 479–485. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Pre-placed CBN on Cu-Ni-Sn-Ti was bonded to AISI 1045 steel with various process parameters by laser in the present paper.The wettability and the oxidization condition of the CBN in laser bead were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) respectively.The failure types of the CBN in laser bead were observed by optical microscopy (OM). The results show that the wettability of the CBN and Cu-Ni-Sn-Ti mixed powder is pronounced because of active element Ti regardless the CBN size and laser processing parameters.Oxidization is serious after laser process even though the protected gas argon being added during the laser process.The failure types can be identified into two types, mechanical press process failure and laser process failure.

Zhao, X.; Yu, T.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Sun, X.; Ma, Z.; Li, M., and Zhang, T., 2018. The investigation of the morphology and failure types of pre-placed CBN on Cu-Ni-Sn-Ti bonded to steel by laser process. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 486–489 . Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Zhang, Z.; Liu, Y.; Yang, P.; Ye, W.; Weng, S.; Liu, T., and Li, Y., 2018. Real-time rendering technology of large-scale underwater scene on web terminal. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 490–494. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the continuous development of computer software and hardware technology, three-dimensional graphics rendering technology has gradually become one of the main research contents of computer graphics. It plays a great role in virtual reality, digital city, film and television advertising, computer aided design and scientific computing visualization. The computer simulation of natural phenomena is the key technology in the rendering of three-dimensional graphics. Natural scenery has the characteristics of complex form, random change and so on. It is difficult to express and study with a definite mathematical model. Compared with natural phenomena such as fire, cloud, mountain and rain, underwater scenes are more challenging because of their complex motion rules and optical characteristics. Therefore, this study analyzedthe research status in China and abroad, improved and innovated the underwater scene rendering technology and large-scale underwater scene management technologybased on the research of underwater scene grid algorithm, which completedthe large-scale underwater real-time rendering and the optimization algorithm of underwater scene management for underwater scene geometry modeling. The simulation experiment is used to detect the rendering effect, the experimental structure proves that the method has strong practicability and can effectively improve the accuracy and authenticity of underwater scene reduction.

Yang, J. and Wei, F., 2018. Design and research of ship's intelligent monitoring system in wireless network environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 495–498. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The monitoring system of cabin in ship often exists the problem of long waiting time for data connection and low monitoring efficiency. In this regard, the design and research of the ship's intelligent monitoring system in the wireless network environment are proposed in this paper, including the hardware and software systems. Hardware system mainly includes hardware structure, function module and so on. Software system includes software structure, monitoring data storage database, data synchronization process and so on. The simulation results show that the proposed intelligent monitoring system can greatly improve the monitoring efficiency and shorten the waiting time of monitoring data connection effectively.

Sun, L.; Xie, W., and Tang, K., 2018. 3D finite element analysis of ocean strengthened side prestressed pier by ANSYS. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 499–506. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this study, the ocean strengthened prestressed anchor cable of flood diversion sluice pier of Shu River Hydropower Station Project is modeled by the international general finite element program——ANSYS. After the anchor cable pretension force applied at the point, various load combination and conditions combination reasonably considered, the finite element analysis is performed and the effect of the prepress is determined, then the results of the stress and strain characteristics of the structure under static loadings are analyzed, more deeply on reinforcement conditions. Through these statistics, characteristics of prestressed pier three-dimensional finite element analysis are summarized more comprehensively to promote the development of three dimensional finite element analysis of complex hydraulic structure, and provided the theory basis for subsequent maintenance and construction of this project.

Wang, X., 2018. Virtual reality of 3D digital factory based on coastal environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 507–512. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper establishes a complete virtual reality based 3D digital factory, to improve the production and training efficiencies and reduce labour intensity. First, the 3D interactive modes in virtual reality scenes are designed, especially those in roam and device operation in detail. Then, the real-time rendering problem of large-scale scenes in digital factories is solved from the aspects of model optimization and dynamic preloading and undoing of models. Finally, the automatic semantic annotation algorithm of 3D models is proposed by using deep learning methods and Internet images, which improves the development efficiency. The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of application of virtual reality technologies in digital factories.

Zhang, Z., 2018. Design of parallel braking control system for port hybrid electric vehicle. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances In Sustainable Port And Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 513–519. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Conventional port hybrid vehicles can’t ef fectively recycle tremendous kinetic energy brought by car brake due to the limitation of energy storage element and energy conversion form in energy recovery braking system. A parallel hydraulic hybrid power control system is designed to solve the contradiction between braking safety stability and realizing the maximum energy recovery. The linear proportional electromagnetic valve is adopted to control the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder of the brake. The numerical control of the frictional braking force is realized, and the braking force control strategy can be realized with the braking control system. The experimental results show that the system improves the stability of friction braking and energy recovery.

Li, H.; Xu, G., and Gao, Y., 2018. Large hoisting machinery wheel mechanism and walking system for seaport wharf. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 520–525. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Small crane and smaller tonnage transmission structure are suitable for the traditional wheel mechanism and walking system of the seaport wharf, which cannot be applied to large hoisting machinery for seaport wharf. To address this problem, a large hoisting machinery wheel mechanism and walking system is designed in this paper. The related parameters of the cycloid gear and the piecewise cycloid equation of the tooth profile are determined. The size of the cycloid gear of the wheel mechanism is chosen and the hardware of the wheel mechanism and walking system is designed. The ADAMS software is introduced to analyze the dynamics of the wheel mechanism, and the walking ADAMS/View model of the wheel mechanism is established. The applied binding force and the feasibility condition of the horizontal turning are determined. The software of the wheel mechanism and walking system is designed. Experimental data show that the designed wheel mechanism and walking system can carry on the large hoisting machinery and has high efficiency.

Zheng, Y. and Liu, S., 2018. Design of digital brake control system for the navigating of amphibious armored vehicles. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 526–530. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The amphibious armored vehicles have a high degree of time-varying for navigating. When the traditional vehicle control system is used for high-speed navigation at sea, large oscillations or overshoots occur in the vehicle's yaw rate and transient response of sideslip angle, resulting in poor steering stability. A digital brake control system based on steering stability criterion is designed. The control criterion of yaw rate and sideslip angle is established for the steering stability of vehicles. The control criterion is used to improve the control method and design a direct yaw moment control system to balance the stability and maneuverability of the vehicle, so as to eliminate the effect of vibration. Combined with PID control algorithm, the closed-loop control of the steering wheel torque of the steering system is realized. The experimental results show that the yaw rate and sideslip angle of the designed control system are free from overshoot, and have short stabilizing time, and have good back-to-back performance, which has good usability for navigating the amphibious armored vehicles.

Tian, J.; Liu, C. and Chen, N., 2018. Control method of differential power steering for port locomotive obstacle avoidance under emergency. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 531–539. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, there is not much space in the port area and the differential power steering control method is often used in locomotive obstacle avoidance under emergency. The method does not take into account the effect of tire slip and actuator torque limitation on locomotive drive braking during the avoidance under emergency, which only relies on the differential control, that is limited in improving steering stability. Based on the establishment of the dynamic model of the controlled object as well as the nonlinear tire model, the constraints of the locomotive driven by the ground characteristics of the port area, the tire slip and the actuator torque are considered, and the design is based on the differential Power steering controller. According to the deviation of yaw rate and yaw rate of center of mass, the related control characteristic quantity is determined, and the result is the control target to improve the steering performance of the locomotive. The actual locomotive test results showed that the proposed controller design method reduces the brake deceleration of the port locomotive in the process of emergency braking, which achieves the best slip ratio effect, shortens the braking distance, improves the braking efficiencyof the locomotives and improves the port traffic safety.

Zhao, N.; Guo, Y.; Xiang, T.; Xia, M.; Shen, Y., and Mi, C., 2018. Container ship stowage based on monte carlo tree search. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 540–547. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the development of larger ships, modernized wharves, standardized production, meticulous management, and flexible service in container transportation, port production management is becoming increasingly intelligent. How to improve the efficiency when making stowage plans, the core issue in container terminals, has become a popular topic in research. Starting with the stowage issue, this paper provides rational solutions to stowage location and loading sequence of unloaded containers on the yard, giving overall consideration on ship owners’ requirement and dock authority's practical operation. Considering turnover on yard, RTG cross-container operation and RTG shifting, based on loading principles and constraints, this paper establishes an optimized model for multiple targets and creates an MCTS method, where five procedures including extension and option, together with corresponding strategies, are designed according to the search tree. Practical numerical examples indicate that the suggested model and algorithm can produce effective solution in due time. This is the first time that MCTS is applied for loading issues in container terminals, so this paper does not only use and perfect theories on optimizing, system analysis and decision, but also contribute to the intelligentization of container terminals. Relevant methods and thinking are referential and applicable to the study of issues of the same kind.

Wang, X. and Yu, Y., 2018. Experimental investigation on GCr15 Steel for marine vessels treated by ultrasonic assisted equal channel angular extrusion. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 548–551. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

ECAE deformation refines grain via large shear deformation. Ultrasonic assisted plastic deformation can reduce flow stress of the material and reduce the friction coefficient, etc. In this paper, ultrasonic is applied to the ECAE deformation process, and impact of ultrasonic assisted ECAE forming process on microstructure and mechanical properties of GCr15 steel for marine vessels is studied. The results show that: With ultrasonic assisted ECAE process, ultrafine-grained material can be obtained, compared with the case without ultrasonic vibration extrusion, for GCr15 steel for marine vessels microstructure, average grain size of cementite is 10μm; the sample underwent ECAE one-pass extrusion, with extrusion force at 11098 N, one-pass extrusion force of UV-ECAE was 10090 N, with extrusion force reduced by 9% compared to before; microhardness without ECAE was 365 HV, but significantly increased to 580 HV after ECAE and significantly increased to 620 HV after ultrasonic assisted ECAE, up by 70% compared with that before extrusion.

Zhang, S. and Li, C., 2018. Control and decision making for ocean feature tracking with multiple underwater vehicles. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 552–564. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are mobile platforms with excellent maneuverability, which are preferred for microscale and mesoscale ocean feature tracking in near real time mode. With their good maneuverability and low cost, AUVs make autonomy mobile observation of ocean dynamic process feasible and convenient. Aiming for the observation of the typical microscale and mesoscale oceanographic features near South China Seas, we give thorough discussion of control and tracking strategy with AUVs. Firstly, we give the composition of autonomy observation system, mainly including vehicle dynamic control, multi underwater vehicles path plan and data process. Secondly, considering the driving factors and variation properties of the ocean feature, we give the control and decision making strategy with underwater vehicles for ocean feature tracking. Lastly, with respect to different types of ocean feature, we give discussion of advantages and constraint conditions of the AUVs control and tracking strategy.

Gu, T. and Chen, Y., 2018. Design of effectiveness evaluation system for shipborne unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 565–570. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The effectiveness evaluation system of traditional shipborne unmanned reconnaissance aircraft has some disadvantages, such as poor efficiency evaluation, low system connectivity and so on. In order to solve the above problems effectively, it is necessary to designe a new effectiveness evaluation system for the new warship unmanned reconnaissance aircraft on the basis of the original system. It completes the hardware module design of the effectiveness evaluation system for the shipborne unmanned reconnaissance aircraft through the design of system hierarchy, the design of system operation process and the design of system task structure. And it completes the software module design of the effectiveness evaluation system for the shipborne unmanned reconnaissance aircraft through the design of boot development process, the design of the system kernel and the design of the driver. Compared with the traditional system, the experimental results showed that the effectiveness and the efficiency of the system are greatly improved.

Zhao, X.; Yu, T.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, L.; Jiang, S., and Wang, W., 2018. Laser cladding Ti coated CBN/ CuSnTi alloy on steel for grinding tools of ocean ship. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 571–578. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this study, laser cladding CBN/CuSnTi alloy mixed powder on the AISI 1045 steel substrate for grinding tools of ocean ship was investigated. Various laser cladding processing parameters were conducted to find the appropriate laser cladding parameters to fabricate grinding tools of ocean ship in the continuous fiber laser beam with coaxial powder nozzle. The morphology of the laser cladding layer was analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and the CBN grits with specific laser process parameters was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The interface conditions among the CBN grit/ alloy matrix/ substrate were detected by SEM and EDS to analyze the elements distribution and the morphology qualities of the bonding interface. The scratching test for the laser cladding layer with a simulated grinding force was operated to testify the bonding strength of the CBN grits embedded in the laser cladding layer for satisfying the grinding process in the industrial operation. The results showed that the cross-section and the surface of the laser cladding layer exerted by the laser process parameters of laser power of 205 W, laser scanning speed of 5 mm/s, defocus distance of 4 mm, powder feed rate of 0.8 rad/min were free of microcracks and porosities. On the other hand, the integrity and uniformity of CBN remain. Element Ti in the CuSnTi alloy matrix played a significant role in the experiment not only of the interface between matrix and CBN but also matrix and substrate. The diffusion and segregation of element Ti to the interface of CBN and substrate formed Ti-B, TiN, Ti-Fe compounds respectively, which caused the metallic bonding of the interfaces. During the scratching test, the phenomenon of the pull-out of the CBN embedded in the laser cladding layer was not found. CBN grits were fixed steadily with the fractured cleavage plane. It was concluded that the uniformity, integrity and metallic bonding with metal matrix of the CBN in the laser cladding layer can be carried out, which is fundamental for the laser cladding abrasive grinding tools of ocean ship produced in the industry.

Zhang, S.; Sun, L.; Fan, L.; Song, S., and Li, Z., 2018. Modularized control system design of underwater vehicle for submarine cable inspection. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 579–584. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, the control system of underwater vehicle does not take into account the influence of nonlinear hydrodynamic factors, but mainly collects the state information from the central controller and generates control signals. The control function of the system is concentrated, which leads to poor system flow resistance and slower speed. In view of this problem, combined with the actual application requirements of underwater vehicle for submarine cable inspection, in this paper, a method of control system design based on modular thinking is proposed. Considering the nonlinear hydrodynamic factors, the four degree of freedom motion modeling method of vehicle is presented. The hardware part of the vehicle control system is decomposed into a series of standard modules according to the function. By using the method of modularization, the control system design of underwater vehicle for submarine cable inspection is designed. Experimental results show that the system has better anti-flow capability and faster speed.

Zhan, A.; Hu, Y., and Yu, M., 2018. Optimal design of microstrip bandpass filter in ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication for ship based on distributed algorithm. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 585–589. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The traditional methods designed for microstrip bandpass filter in ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication for ship have some problems in performance. On the basis of the distributed algorithm, an optimal design method of microstrip bandpass filter in UWB wireless communication for ship is proposed in this paper. The low pass filter is in series with high pass filter used to complete the design of the microstrip bandpass filter in UWB wireless communication for ship. Alternately loaded form of grounding impedance of trapezoid and triangle is used to realize low pass filteris adopted, while the high pass filter is optimized by distortion and miniaturization. The clock cycle in the filter is controlled by the distributed algorithm. The experimental results show that the optimization design of this method is correct and the expected goal is realized.

Zhang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Yang, L., and Yu, X., 2018. Parameter analysis of dynamic seal of deep-sea motor based on response surface method. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 590–596. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749–0208.

This paper aims to improve the sealing performance of the dynamic seal used in the deep sea motor via numerical simulations and response surface method (RSM). The contact pressure of the seal for different compression ratio was analyzed, then the pumping effect of Kalsi seal was analyzed, and the leakage rate for the edge region was discussed. On this basis, the relationship between the objective functions and the seal design parameters were established by the second-order polynomial models using 30-group simulation results with four independent seal parameters. The analysis of variance shows that the precision of regression equations of the outer contact pressure and leakage rate is enough. Interaction analysis based on the four parameters and the objective functions also have been discussed. Contrary to the compression ratio and the hardness of the rubber, the amplitude and the number of the wave have minimal effect on contact pressure. However, the leakage rate increases with the increase of the number of wave and the amplitude of the wave, and the effect of the seal compression ratio and the hardness of rubber on the leakage rate is small.

Chen, J. and Zhang, S., 2018. Segmentation of sonar image on seafloor sediments based on multiclass SVM. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 597–602. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Because the seabed sediment sonar image has the complex background and low noise-signal ratio, the existing image segmentation methods are difficult to extract different types of sonar image features from the complex background of seabed sediment sonar image. The image segmentation accuracy is low. Thus, this paper presents a method for segmenting seabed sediment sonar image based on multiclass SVM. Firstly, the seabed sediment sonar image was denoised to extract the statistical feature, texture feature and gray feature with phase consistency. Then they were composed into characteristic sample vectors of multidimensional seabed sediment sonar image. Finally, SVM classification method was used to segment the seabed sediment sonar image. Experimental result shows that the proposed method can obtain the result with higher recognition rate.

Chung, S.; Chen, Y., and Yang, C., 2018. Simulation of ocean environmental corrosion and analysis of visual communication effect. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 603–608. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, there are few studies on the corrosion behavior of metal in the ocean environment, especially in the corrosion zone. The study of the corrosion mechanism and the relationship between different environmental factors and corrosion rate is not sufficient. Corrosion patterns and electrical feedback of three different types of anticorrosive coatings in different ocean environments are studied by using ocean corrosion simulation test device. The results showed that the spray splash zone is the most severe area of ocean corrosion, the specimens are most corroded in this area, and epoxy anti-corrosion coating has the best anti-corrosion effect.

Han, Z.; Wang, C.; Hu, S., and Wang, Y., 2018. Application of borehole camera technology in fractured rock mass investigation of a submarine tunnel. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 609–614. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Borehole camera technology can penetrate into the inner part of the rock mass, observe the characteristics of the fracture, measure the data of the fracture geometric parameters, and a reasonable statistical method is the key to analysis of structural characteristics of fractured rock mass. Based on the observation results of digital borehole camera technology, the principle and method of calculating the fracture parameters from borehole images are described. Taking the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Subsea Tunnel Drilling ZK3 as an example, the structure information revealed by borehole is obtained by borehole camera. The statistical analysis of geometry parameters is studied and the distribution of fracture is analyzed, including the dominant occurrence of calculation, aperture distribution and depth distribution etc.. The integrity index RWID of the borehole wall rock mass is established, and the integrity of the wall rock mass is evaluated according to this index. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) digital borehole camera technology provides an effective technical means for geological survey of fractured rock mass; (2) the evaluation index of RWID based on borehole wall integrity core length can reflect the integrity of rock mass, providing a good verification method for RQD method.

Su, Y. and Wang, Z., 2018. 3D reconstruction of submarine landscape ecological security pattern based on virtual reality. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 615–620. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The conventional 3D reconstruction method cannot provide precise estimation of pose of the camera, which leads to long reconstruction time and sparse reconstructed point cloud data during modeling of ecological security pattern of submarine landscape. This paper proposes a 3D reconstruction method of submarine landscape ecological security pattern based on virtual reality. The motion method is adopted to track the pose of the camera and obtain the landscape image of the seafloor. The Harris corner extraction algorithm and Canny edge extraction algorithm are used to extract the landscape image of the seafloor. The matching of the feature points of the broad baseline image in the extracted image is achieved by using the pole constraint, and the stable matching points are obtained. Intensive reconstruction of scene objects is achieved by using multi-vision intensive matching method. The experimental results show that the proposed method has the advantages of dense reconstructed point cloud data, short reconstruction run time and strong robustness.

Gu, T. and Chen, Y., 2018. Effectiveness evaluation of UAVs to detect maritime targets in marine environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 621–626. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The traditional effectiveness evaluation model of maritime targets has the disadvantages of low evaluation effectiveness of uplink and downlink, and low air interface rate of target determination. In order to solve this problem effectively, on the basis of retaining the advantages of the original model, the deficiencies are improved and a new model for the effectiveness evaluation of the UAVs' detection of maritime targets in the marine environment is designed. Through the relationship between gray correlation degree and effectiveness evaluation targets, the evaluation factors and process are determined and the evaluation target is confirmed. Through the effectiveness evaluation method of maritime targets, the effectiveness evaluation of the UAVs' detection of maritime targets is accomplished. The environment is simulated for the model and comparison experiments are designed. Experimental results show that the new model can indeed increase the effectiveness of the uplink and downlink evaluation, and augment the air interface rate of target determination.

Song, Y.; Lyu, C., and Guo, W., 2018. On-line monitoring research of seafood quality safety based on image monitoring. In: Liu, Z.L., and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 627–631. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Traditional methods of on-line monitoring of seafood quality safety based on hierarchical analysis has the problem that the analysis is not comprehensive and the monitoring effect is not ideal. In this paper, an on-line monitoring method based on image monitoring is proposed. First, the security risks in seafood aquaculture environment are analyzed. Then, the data collection and water quality of seafood farms are analyzed by image monitoring technology, and the risks of breeding and fresh environment are evaluated. At last, image monitoring system is used for seafood disease or death monitoring and identification. Experimental results show that the results by the use of image monitoring system for seafood aquaculture environment monitoring and the actual test results are basically consistent and realize the protection of seafood quality and safety from the source.

Xu, H.; Fu, M., and Jia, C., 2018. Classification method of marine tourism resource of least square support vector machines based on particle swarm algorithm. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 632–636. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the current marine tourism resources classification research, the potential relationship between various types of marine tourism resources characteristics can not be fully used. The dimensional Curse and low accuracy can not be solved in the process of marine tourism resources classification. Thus, this article proposes a method for automatically selecting parameters of support vector machine based on particle swarm optimization and applies it on marine tourism resources classification. This method maps the input space of marine tourism resources to a high-dimensional feature space through non-linear transformation and finds the optimal linear classification surface of marine tourism resources classification in this new space. This method takes the classification accuracy as the fitness function of optimization problem and uses the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize parameters of support vector machine.

Zhang, S. and Chen, J., 2018. Design of dynamic automatic control system for mariculture water quality under internet of things environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 637–641. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The dynamic automatic control system of mariculture water quality was proposed, the main control processor of system used Mini2440 development board. The data transmission module used ZigBee wireless communication module and USB WIFI module to complete the data transmission network, which was forwarded by the Zigbee router. The control part communicated through the communication module and the control cabinet of aquaculture pond site, so as to realize the remote control and dynamic automatic control for farming equipment. Users could complete the remote access through the monitoring platform. Experimental result shows that the system can effectively improve the level of dynamic management of mariculture water quality. It has superior control performance.

Zhang, F.; Ti, Z., and Zhang, A., 2018. Simulation of impact stability test model in underwater coal mining of dam. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 642–645. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Rock burst is one of the coal and rock dynamic phenomena occurred in mining. The underwater coal mining of dam encounters frequent and drastic underwater impacts, which seriously affects the safety of mining. Studying of law of rock burst appears extremely urgent, which is of great significance to ensure safety in coal mines. The impact stability model is used to analyze the coal and rock impact tendency characteristics of underwater coal mining. The validity of the simulation model is verified by experiments. Experiments show that the designed impact stability model can effectively detect the coal and rock impact value, and the model ensures the safety of mining by monitoring, forecasting and relieving the risk of rock burst.

Shen, Y.; Qi, D.; Zhou, N., and Wang, X., 2018. Workflow task scheduling algorithm for marine environment data processing under multi-core computing environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 646–650. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

When the current workflow task scheduling algorithm is used for marine environment data processing, there is a large amount of calculation, poor load balancing, and lower data transmission efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, a workflow task scheduling algorithm based on multi-task replication strategy is proposed for the marine environment data processing under multi-core computing environment. Firstly, based on the directed acyclic graph, the workflow task structure of marine environment data processing can be described, to establish workflow model, and build a multi-level task replication model the DAG diagram of workflow. The model is combined with the workflow model of marine environment data processing to decide whether to execute the replication task, so as to achieve the task scheduling of marine environment data processing in multi-core computing environment. The experimental results show that the computational process of workflow task scheduling is relatively simple, which improves the load balance and the amount of data transmission.

Tang, C., 2018. Noise reduction method of adaptive wiener filtering for ocean remote sensing image. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 651–655. Coconut Creek (Florida), I SSN 0749-0208.

Currently, when the denoising method is used for noise reduction and filtering process on marine remote sensing image with complex background, there is the low calculation speed, and the effect of noise reduction is poor. Therefore, a method for noise reduction of adaptive Wiener filtering of marine remote sensing image was proposed. Based on representational ability of frequency phase information for features of ocean remote sensing image, the phase consistency was introduced to extract multi-scale gradient of ocean remote sensing image. Wiener filter was used for adaptive Wiener filter process based on the multi-scale gradient characteristics of remote sensing image. Experimental result shows that the proposed method can solve the fuzzy boundary of marine remote sensing image well.

Zhao, X., 2018. Optimization design of marine collective engineering management system with BS architecture based on big data. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 656–661. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the process of management of traditional marine collective engineering management system, as the huge volume of data in marine collective engineering, it is impossible to achieve hierarchical data management. To address this problem, marine collective engineering management system with BS architecture based on big data is designed in this paper. The BS architecture of big data is used to optimize the general framework of the collective engineering management system. The system is divided into layers, the core functions and subsystems are differentiated, and the hierarchical functions of the system modules are optimized. The hardware design of the management system is realized. Logical calculation is used for qualitative analysis of engineering management data. The management order is identified through attribute identification to realize the software design of engineering management system. The experimental results show that the designed engineering management system can be applied to the marine collective engineering with big data, and the management efficiency is 34.5% higher than the traditional engineering management system.

Lian, Y., 2018. Innovative design of marine resources database system based on fuzzy cluster analysis. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 662–667. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Traditional marine resources database system has performance issue in aspects of CPU, memory, index, therefore, this paper proposes a kind of innovation design method of marine resources database system based on fuzzy clustering analysis. Firstly, on the basis of collecting the marine capture yield over the years, the statistical information of fishing effort data, the biological parameter of main commercial fish and the research literature bibliography of fishery resources, we sort out and add data, and build the innovative database of marine resources, and then use the fuzzy clustering analysis method to realize the function of data processing and analysis. Finally, we use basic language programming to give the software flow chart of system. Experimental result shows that the performance of the proposed method is greatly improved in terms of query response efficiency, actual data warehousing efficiency, and data analysis performance.

Yang, Z. and Zhou, H., 2018. Deep intrusion data mining method forship monitoring network under cloud computing. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 668–672. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the cloud computing environment, the network space with different type and different scale are completely different in the destructiveness of intrusion and intrusion features. The traditional intrusion mining is mainly to weight these differentiated intrusion results, and calculating a fused threshold, measuring whether it is invaded, but this method does not subdivide intrusion features in ship monitoring network, and has high false alarm rate and rate of missing report. This paper proposed data mining method of the ship monitoring network intrusion mining based on the fuzzy C mean clustering algorithm and improved support vector machine algorithm. Firstly, this paper carried out dimensionality reduction and classification processing for the different type data, and collected related data for the extraction and analysis of sample feature, and calculated the overall threshold of data, and used the improved support vector machine algorithm to normalize the collected data, and obtained the data signal with uniform format. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm in the ship monitoring network under cloud computing deepness intrusion mining can improve the accuracy of mining, reduce the false alarm rate and improve the mining efficiency.

Zhu, X., 2018. Optimization of intelligent fusion model for ship target image features in cloud computing environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 673–678. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the cloud computing environment, there is a problem that the accuracy of the image fusion of ship target image is low. Thus, an intelligent fusion model optimization method based on spatial features is proposed. The model utilizes a designed 6-layer convolution neural network to extract features of ship target image. Then, the feature selection method based on mutual information is used to sort ship target image eigenvectors in series according to importance, and the fixed-length eigenvectors are selected as the target recognition foundation based on the target image sharpness evaluation index. An intelligent fusion model based on spatial features is used to optimize the intelligent fusion model of ship target image features in cloud computing environment. Experimental results show that the fusion method proposed in this paper has high accuracy.

Zhao, G. and Lu, L., 2018. Efficient cleaning method of low quality marine data in large data environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 679–684. Coconut Creek (Florida), I SSN 0749-0208.

To optimize the cleaning of low marine quality data, it needs to get density value near each marine data quality sample. It measures samples gathered area to complete the optimization of marine feature data extraction. Traditional methods form the original transaction data set. It discovers the distribution rules of marine data, but it neglects to show the data samples gathering area. So there is low cleaning efficiency. Based on time series, big data environment, and improved Canopy algorithm, it demonstrates low marine quality data optimal cleaning method. The method is to use time series model to identify marine data quantity. It classifies the marine features by time series. It uses high density clustering method to get the density value near each marine data quality sample. It shows gathered areas of samples. It introduces tag speed to the process of adaptive adjustment of sliding window to optimize the cleaning. Experimental simulations show that the proposed method of low marine quality data cleaning is highly efficiency. It guarantees the marine data quality of big data environment.

Zhang, H., 2018. Multi-point digitalization research of hull plate based on visual communication of hull information. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 685–690. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The surface of hull plate is mostly composed of complex and inextensible spatial surface. The bending process of it is still finished by hand, which has become one of the bottlenecks in the digitalization of hull construction. In order to realize the digital processing of hull plate, combined with visual communication and according to the requirements of hull plate forming technology, a technical scheme based on PID control method was applied to the hull plate forming. By applying the multi-point forming process, large-scale steel plate was formed in the small equipment. In the multi-point digital forming system, combined with the PID control method, the required shape was obtained through precise position control of the multiple basic bodies of the hull plate. The experimental results show that the multi-point forming technology can better finish the digital forming of hull plate, and it can be used for hull plate forming process after accuracy testing.

Wang, W.; Huang, L., and Zhang, X., 2018. Optimization of maritime emergency materials allocation based on network reliability. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 691–696. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A scientific allocation of maritime emergency materials is the groundwork for an early realization of maritime emergency logistics. This paper sets out to put forward a definition and measure approach for the network reliability of maritime emergency logistics in consideration of its connotation and influencing factors, and to build, with “minimum amount of goods in short” and “minimum transportation costs” as its goals, a multi-objective optimization model for maritime emergency materials allocation and put in use the planning means for solutions. Results from case-calculation with the help of LINDO software shows that the allocation plan generated by the multi-objective model can limit the network reliability of maritime emergency logistics within an acceptable scope under “minimum transportation costs” circumstances; therefore, it is more reasonable than the traditional approaches of material allocation.

Huang, D., 2018. Intelligent recognition method of micro image feature recognition in large data environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 697–705. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The intelligent recognition of features of micro image can effectively improve the recognition rate of the essential features of micro images, which has great significance to the study of micro images in various fields. For the recognition of large data features, we need to fuse the features of the micro images with the same scale and different directions, and then preprocess them completing the intelligent recognition of the micro image features. The traditional method filters the noise of the micro image to get the smooth image, and obtain the features of illumination invariant data of the micro image, but we ignore to preprocess the image, which leads to low recognition accuracy. This paper proposes the intelligent identification method of the features of micro images based on the theory of clonal selection and K nearest neighbor discrimination theory in large environment. Firstly, this method performed Gabor transform on the micro image, and fused features of micro images with the same scale in different directions according to the two fusion rules, and obtained the fusion feature of micro image on the five scales, and used the clonal selection theory to preprocess the fusion feature of micro image, forming antibody library of micro images, and combined with K nearest neighbor discriminant theory to complete the intelligent recognition offeature of micro image to be identified. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the average recognition rate of micro image features, and has good robustness.

Cui, J., 2018. Dynamic migration algorithm of marine big data in cloud computing environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 706–712. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Aiming at the shortcomings of the current migration algorithm based on the importance of data, like poor load balancing and large consumption of resources, the paper proposes a dynamic migration algorithm for marine big data in cloud computing environment. Firstly, the characteristics of marine big data are analyzed. And then the Moran's I index is used to analyze the correlation index, and the storage of marine big data in cloud computing environment is positioned. Finally, adaptive inertia weight is introduced based on the firefly algorithm, through the objective function of the bandwidth to calculate the minimum value of the bandwidth and use as the optimal solution, and the dynamic migration of marine big data is realized. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm not only has better migration performance, but also takes into account migration costs and load balancing, resource utilization and bandwidth utilization.

Zhang, Q.; Lin, W.; Wang, Y., and Lu, Z., 2018. Multi-objective optimization of EREV control strategy with pointer hybrid optimization algorithm. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 713–719. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

EREVs (extended-range electric vehicles) are powered by range extenders and power batteries which have their own operation modes and appropriate control strategies should be adopted to minimize the total energy loss. The improved constant power control strategy is proposed and a velocity threshold is established in EV mode to prevent excessive battery discharge and excessive current to extend battery life. The multi-objective optimization algorithm is applied to achieve the optimal fuel consumption, energy consumption and maximum velocity of EREVs. The multi-objective functions, optimization variables and constraints are defined. This paper selects final drive ratio, maximum & minimum SOC (state of charge), and velocity threshold of a certain EREV as the optimization objects and optimizes EREV performance with Pointer hybrid optimization algorithm, thereby reducing the cost of cyclic fuel consumption and energy consumption in the running process. The simulation results show that electric energy consumption increases by 36% while fuel consumption decreases by 98%, which demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of optimization objects, optimization variables and optimization strategies adopted in this paper.

Han, P. and Han, Y., 2018. Noise reduction and recovery algorithm for underwater distorted image. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 720–723. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Due to some unavoidable internal factors of digital cameras and other imaging equipment, as well as human and environmental external factors, the underwater photographing images will be distorted, thus affecting the recognition effect of optical character recognition. The traditional noise reduction algorithm has low efficiency and short time-consuming. Therefore, in this paper, a document image distortion recognition algorithm based on full automatic image splicing is proposed. Firstly, two distorted images captured from different angles for the same document page are processed by feature extraction, image registration, transformation and so on, and then spliced into a nearly non-deformation document image. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively deal with the problem of document image distortion recognition, and has a very high development prospect.

Zhang, X., 2018. Chart symbol recognition based on computer natural language processing. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 724–728. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The precise identification of chart symbol is of great significance for ocean sailing. The current recognition methods for chart symbol have obvious shortcomings in recognition efficiency and control accuracy. To address this problem, it is necessary to discuss the construction and implementation of the grammatical rule of chart symbol language from two aspects of theory and practice. In this paper, the grammatical rule and the essential features of chart symbol language are discussed. The transformation of computer language service mode of chart symbol is achieved. Firstly, the description of various chart symbols is carried out by the computer natural language, and the recognition and processing of chart pattern information are realized. Then based on the data mining technology in computer language, a recognition system for chart symbol is constructed. Finally, based on the computer natural language and the BP neural network information processing method, the precise identification of complex chart symbol is achieved, which better guarantees the safety of ship navigation and provides powerful support for space information service for various marine development and production activities. Simulation results show that the chart symbols recognition method based on computer natural language can effectively realize the noise processing of target symbols, optimize the convergence performance of data processing, and improve the accuracy of chart symbol recognition.

Wang, L.; Yi, T., and Ren, Y., 2018. Quantitative analysis of the impact of information loss rate on internet word-of-mouth transmission. In: Liu, Z. L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 729–734. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the rapid development of Internet application, Internet word-of-mouth has become an important propagation mode. According to social physics methods, we analyze the running mechanism of the Internet word-of-mouth. And then we build a spread model of Internet word of mouth combining with the neighbor effect, carrying on the simulation model with MATLAB. Finally, We analyze how the information loss rate effects on the word-of-mouth quantitatively resulting from the simulation.

Yan, L., 2018. Design of two-dimensional visualization system for embedded marine environment spatial data. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 735–740. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

According to the problems that the system structure of embedded marine environment spatial data visualization system is complex, and the extendibility is poor, this paper proposes a design method of embedded marine environment spatial data visualization system based on script language. Firstly, our method designed the overall structure of system, and designed the network visualization subsystem and the database management subsystem in the system. On this basic, we designed the realization of two-dimensional visualization of embedded marine environment spatial data visualization. Experimental result shows that the system designed by proposed method runs fast and has the good extendibility.

Zhong, Z., 2018. System dynamics simulation of information diffusion strategies for typhoon disasters: A case from China coastal area. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 741–753. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The purpose of this paper is to probe into the diffusion and evolution of typhoon disaster information on the Internet based on system dynamics to explore new potential emergency management strategies. Reducing losses, both economic and societal, is the most important response to typhoon disasters. In addition to the destruction directly caused by a typhoon event, information diffusion problems such as information interruption, false information, information fragmentation, and information distortion are highly problematic. This paper built a quantitative simulation model underlying the mechanism of network information diffusion specifically regarding typhoon disasters. This paper then explored the internal influence factors and associated mechanisms of the dynamic model as they relate to the effective control and guidance of information dissemination. It was found that the proposed reference model involving information diffusion strategies for typhoon disasters can successfully capture the key elements and information diffusion mechanism. The system dynamics approach can effectively enable a macro viewpoint of information diffusion strategies and policies for typhoon disasters. This paper provides a model for evaluating policy for information diffusion strategies for typhoon disasters in a dynamic context, for China. It is shown to be valuable to information diffusion strategies testing and simulating based on the system dynamics perspective.

Zhong, Z.; Yang S., and Duan, Y., 2018. Sustainable development of typhoon prone coastal areas based on SD model. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 754–769. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Sustainable development systems are a dynamic and complicated large systems, that can both be modestly destroyed and restrained by typhoon disasters. System dynamics can be used to study the problems of sustainable development. In this study, based on the theory of sustainable development and targeting typhoon disaster events in Leizhou Peninsula of China, we selected four subsystems (economy, population, environment, and water resource) using the background of typhoon disasters to empirically analyze the effectiveness and practicability of simulation models. Based on this, the restricting factors for sustainable development of the Leizhou Peninsula were assessed via scenario analysis. It was found that typhoon disasters introduced both benefits and harms to the economic development. The existing environmental protection investment did not meet the demands for social development, and the supply-demand contradiction of water resources remained severe. To promote sustainable development of the Leizhou Peninsula, the government has to adjust industrial structure, increase environmental investment, preserve water resources, and improve water quality.

Wei, Z.; Xiao, X., and Pei, P., 2018. Design of mobile interactive terminal system for ship's remote wireless scheduling. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 770–775. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, the mobile interactive terminal system based on metaphor understanding for ship's remote wireless scheduling has slow response and high energy consumption. Therefore, a design method of mobile interactive terminal system based on Android for ship's remote wireless scheduling is proposed. First of all, the design elements of the mobile interactive terminal system is discussed, the overall design scheme of mobile interactive terminal system for ship's remote wireless scheduling is determined, and the system in the A/D conversion module and storage module are designed. Finally, the system software module is designed by analyzing the work content of the system, and the software component module is determined. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the system response speed and reduce the system energy consumption.

Zhu, H. and Zhu, L., 2018. The localization method for ship network nodes based on high performance matching of multi-pattern string TMWM. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 776–780. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The pattern string matching used in the current method is single pattern matching. The matching efficiency and accuracy are low, and a large number of CPU resources are used, which reduces the efficiency and accuracy of the localization of the ship network nodes. In this paper, a high performance matching method based on multi-pattern string TMWM is proposed to preprocess the ship network nodes and makemulti-pattern matching, until all the strings are terminated. Application of multi-pattern matching algorithm improves the matching efficiency, and will not take up too much CPU resources, which can increase the efficiency and accuracy of localization.The use of mobile beacon randomly walks in the networknodes distribution area of ship, periodically broadcasts their localization information, and makes localization of network nodes on any ships. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the efficiency and accuracy of pattern string matching, and can achieve high precision and high efficiency localization.

Shu, J.; Chen, Z., and Xu, C., 2018. Feature segmentation for blurred edge of ship image based on depth learning. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 781–785. Coconut Creek (Florida), I SSN 0749-0208.

In traditional feature segmentation for blurred edge of ship image, geometric active contour model is often used, and it does not consider the global feature of ship image, which is easy to occur over segmentation phenomenon, resulting in longtime segmentation and inaccurate segmentation results. On the basis of deep learning, feature segmentation technique for blurred edge of ship image is proposed. Ship image is preprocessed to remove the impurities and noises in the image, and segment the blurred edge of the processed ship image. The experimental results show that the method can reduce the segmentation time of the blurred edge of ship image, and has high efficiency and accurate segmentation results.

Yang, W.; Xie, Q.L., and Li, M., 2018. Inventory control method of reverse logistics for shipping electronic commerce based on improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 786–790. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on the improved multi-objective particle swarm algorithm, a method of inventory control of reverse logistics for shipping electronic commerce was proposed. Through the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, the inventory of electronic commerce was distributed well, heuristic algorithm was used to get the optimal solution set conforming to the preference of decision maker. According to the target weights given by decision-maker, the utility evaluation of the optimal solution set was carried out. The maximum solution of utility evaluation value was selected as the optimal scheme to complete the inventory control of reverse logistics for shipping electronic commerce. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively complete the inventory control of reverse logistics for shipping electronic commerce.

With the extension of the energy equation of turbid density flow to the whole water depth of sediment-laden flow, the formula of equilibrium sediment concentration under the condition of steady state is obtained. On this basis, with the theory of minimum rate of flow energy dissipation, a formula of sediment carrying capacity is derived. In addition, the coefficient of the formula is proportional to the coefficient of hydraulic resistance. In different flow regions, including laminar region, turbulent smooth region, turbulent transition region, turbulent rough region, the coefficient of hydraulic resistance changes with the exponential change of the Reynolds number. In different turbulent flow, the general formula can be evolved into the sediment carrying capacity formula forms of Han Qiwei, Dou Guoren, Liu Jiaju and Zhang Ruijin. The relationship between this formula and other sediment carrying capacity formula which have been done is revealed. And this formula can be used as a general formula is confirmed. The formula is compared with the Liu Jiaju's formula and the Zhang Ruijin's which have been used for many years by the measured data. It is shown that this formula has certain advantages.

Yao, C. and Huang, P., 2018. Effects of leadership style on job satisfaction and intention to stay in shipping industry. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds. ), Advances in Sustainable Port and OceanEngineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 796–801. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN0749-0208.

With changing technology, enterprises are expanding towards internationalization and globalization, and shipping market is also positively developing towards maritime liberalization and internationalization. International trade enhances economic development through shipping industry. Apparently, shipping trade would be booming and such a trend would significantly affect economic development. Shipping development requires human devotion for the operation. However, a lot of shipping businesses currently encounter the problem of manpower shortage at sea. Owing to the special workplace and the unique and professional characteristics, shipping companies have to emphasize the gap of seafarer shortage and the trend of seafarer loss. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate seafarers' intention to stay in shipping industry. Aiming at shipping industry, off-shore operation staff of China Cosco Shipping Co., Ltd. is distributed 300 copies of questionnaire, and 261 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 87%. Research results show significantly positive effects of (1) leadership style on job satisfaction, (2) job satisfaction on intention to stay, and (3) leadership style on intention to stay. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to search for the route to enhance seafarers' intention to stay for the gap of human resources and the trend of seafarer loss as well as reference for human resource management in shipping industry domestically.

Huang, P. and Yao, C., 2018. Diversification business performance evaluation of shipping industry in China. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 802–806. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

International trade is the economic key of a nation, and shipping is an inevitable factor in international trade that shipping industry presents a critical role in international trade. The diversification development of shipping companies is related to the success of a shipping company, which connects shipping service for one-stop service to reveal the importance of shipping diversification. Moreover, global shipping market is closely related to global economy. Under the globalization of international trade, the correlation between China economy and global economy is worth discussion. For this reason, it is necessary to discuss the diversification business performance of shipping industry in China.

DEA is applied in this study to evaluate diversification business performance of shipping industry in China. With the calculation of Modified Delphi Method, inputs/outputs which could measure diversification business performance of shipping industry in China are selected. The efficiency evaluation results, through DEA, show that 1 DMU presents strong business efficiency, 4 DMUs are marginal inefficient, with the business efficiency in 0.9-1, and 5 DMUs are obvious inefficient, with the diversification business efficiency lower than 0.9. From Slack Variable Analysis, the excessive shipping companies in China and the improvement direction for short inputs are realized. Finally, suggestions, according to the results, are proposed, expecting that a shipping business could spread the risk of single industry operation through proper diversification and improve the operation performance.

Li, T.; Han, D.; Ding, Y., and Zhang, L., 2018. The operation evaluation of China's marine industry technology innovation system. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 807–813. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In order to evaluate the operation efficiency of China's marine industry technology innovation system, the evaluation model is developed by the entropy weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Through analyzing the impact factors of marine industry, the evaluation indicators system is constructed, including R&D system; support system;resources input; achievement transformation and overflow ability, using the entropy method to determine the weight and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to analysis effect, the results show that the system performance is good at present, the operational efficiency is still to be improved. The findings accurately present the specific operation performance of China's marine industry technology innovation system, can help researchers precisely find the deficiency of the system, and can provide sufficient basis for the improvement of the measures.

Hua, J.; Gu, S., and Zhang, L., 2018. Optimal design of node distribution in maritime logistics network of fruit and vegetable supply chain. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 814–818. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

There is a high cost in maritime logistics of supply chain of fruit and vegetable, so it is necessary to optimize and research the node distribution of marine logistics network in the fruit and vegetable supply chain. The current method has a problem about high cost. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimization method of distribution of maritime logistic network nodes in the fruit and vegetable supply chain based on the improved ant colony algorithm. Firstly, this method built the problem model of distribution optimization of logistics node, and used the improved ant colony algorithm for optimizing node distribution of maritime logistics, and then solved the objective function value. Under the constraint conditions, our method optimized the final result so as to complete the distribution optimization of maritime logistics network nodes on the supply chain of fruits and vegetables. Experimental result shows that the cost of the method proposed in this paper is low.

Yu, M., 2018. Mathematical modeling and analysis on the influence of maritime transport capability on bilateral trade. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 819–822. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Maritime transport capacity promotes the development of bilateral trade. The traditional method for measuring maritime transport capacity and bilateral trade is based on vector data. But the analysis process of data vector is cumbersome, a large amount of data is needed for calculation. Because data vector is the directional vector calculation, analysis process only focuses on single analysis without considering overall measurement. According to the above problems, a method is put forward by using the VAR mathematical model to analyze the influence of maritime transport capacity on bilateral trade comprehensively. The VAR mathematical model is established, and VAR function is utilized to change the pulse variation. The optimal lag phase is chosen for relationship building, and characteristics of model is employed to analyze the influence of maritime transport capacity on bilateral trade. The experiment results show that the established VAR mathematical model can accurately analyze the influence of maritime transport capability on bilateral trade.

Zhang, Z.; Zhao, J.; Cui, J., and Nie, H., 2018. Reliability analysis of logistics network of rail-sea intermodal transportation in internet of things environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 823–827. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The current method for the reliability analysis of the rail-sea intermodal transportation logistics network has the problem of low efficiency and high cost. This paper proposes a method of logistics network reliability analysis of rail-sea intermodal transportation based on EOQ in the Internet of things environment. Firstly, this method analyzed reliability index of sea-rail intermodal transportation logistics network and reliability requirement of sea-rail intermodal transportation network. Secondly, the method simply introduced the train operation plan of container train and the capability of material handling equipment. Finally, our method used the heuristic algorithm to compute the train operation plan of sea-rail intermodal transportation built by EOQ. Experimental result shows that the proposed method can reduce the cost of sea-rail intermodal transportation and improve the stability of intermodal transportation.

Shang, Y , 2018. An empirical study of EVA on capital structure-based on new energy shipping companies data. In: Liu, Z L and Mi, C (eds), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No 83, pp. 828–832. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As an important supplement to the traditional fossil energy, new energy industry developed, quickly these days It is important to configure the capital structure to make the cost and risk to a minimum level Also the enterprise could maximize its value by adjusting financial leverage This paper uses empirical analysis method to verify the EVA effect on capital structure by constructing the panel data model, Then according to the regression analysis of EVA, EPS and ROE on the capital structure of new energy enterprises, the paper compares the influence of EVA and the traditional profit index on corporate capital structure.

Chen, C.; Chiang, Z.; Hsieh, M., and Zeng, X., 2018. Applying the data envelopment analysis to discuss performance evaluation of customer relationship management in shipping industry. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 833–838. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Along with frequent global trading, trade between countries becomes popular. Import/export trade also relies on shipping that it is an important issue to maintain good customer relationship and interaction to enhance stable customer sources and promote company performance in shipping industry. To maintain highly competitive advantages, price differentiation, concentration strategies, and low shipping expenses could attract new customers, consolidate old customers, and satisfy customer needs with professional knowledge to reinforce customer relationship management, i.e. the possession of competitive advantages. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used as the efficiency evaluation tool in this study. The efficiency acquired with DEA and the information of variables show that 1 DMU presents strong efficiency on customer relationship management, 4 DMUs, with the efficiency between 0.9 and 1, reveal marginal inefficiency on customer relationship management, and 7 DMUs appear obvious inefficiency, with the efficiency lower than 0.9, on customer relationship management. The key factors in customer relationship management in shipping industry are further found out through sensitivity analysis. According to the results, suggestions are eventually proposed, expecting that shipping businesses, under limited resources, manpower, and budgets, could grasp market conditions, customer preference, complicated international trade trend, and the practice of governmental policies within limited time to promote the organizational performance.

Gao, K. and Shao, X., 2018. Adoption research of the m-commerce application based on the perspective of supply chain management in shipping industry. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 839–845. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper built a structural equation model (SEM) of the adoption research of the M-commerce application based on perspective of supply chain. Get sample data through survey, use SEM to validate the fit test and research hypotheses. The results show that: (1) Behavioral intention directly affects the users’ behavior, the affect coefficient is 0.516. Cost reduction, Time Saving, Effort Expectancy, Quality Improvement, Partner Trust, Technology Trust, Facilitating Conditions, Intention of the up-down indirectly affects the use behavior through the behavioral intention. (2) In all influence factors of behavioral intention, the cost reduction's effect intensity is maximum which is 0.483, the second is time saving. Time saving has a direct impact on the behavioral intention and the effect coefficient is 0.263, at the meantime, time saving has an indirect impact on the behavioral intention through the cost reduction and the effect coefficient is 0.483*0.321=0.155, so the effect coefficient of the time saving on the behavioral intention is 0.418. The followed are: Technology trust (0.397), quality improvement (0.382), intention of the up-down (0.387), partner trust (0.329), and facilitating condition (0.265). (3) Effort expectancy plays a negative influence on the behavioral intention and the effect coefficient is -0.173 which means that the more expect to effort, the lower the behavioral intention is, thereby reducing the use of M-commerce (Use behavior).

Chen, C.; Chiang, Z.; Liu, Y., and Zeng, X., 2018. Critical success factors in marine safety management in shipping industry. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 846–850. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN0749-0208.

About three-fourth of global flow of cargo is currently transported through shipping. The boom of international trade, which mainly depends on marine transportation, in past years has shipping industry become the economic focus in coastal countries. Along with the economic development and increasing global trade, the increasing number of ships and large-scale ships, accidents at sea are not eliminated with improving marine technology. It is therefore important for shipping industry, through management, establishing safety management mechanism conforming to regulations and suitable for ships to reduce operational risks and further eliminate accidents caused by personal factors in order to create business performance of enterprises. Shipping industry is the research object in this study. Supervisors and employees of Fujian Shipping Company are sampled for the questionnaire survey. Total 300 copies of questionnaire are distributed, and 256 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 85%. The research results are concluded as followings. (1) From the survey, organizational planning was mostly emphasized in safety management in shipping industry. (2) From the overall weights of evaluation indicators, tope five indicators, among 17 evaluation indicators, are competent personnel, censorship, regulation compliance, sound system, and administrative support. Suggestions are proposed according to the results, expecting to analyze the critical factors in the establishment of safety management systems in shipping industry. Proper strategic suggestions are also proposed to solve the problems encountered in safety management systems to enhance the effectiveness of safety management.

Peng, H.; Gao, R.; Song, X., and Shen, Q., 2018. An automatic decentralized control method for low voltage power for ship's shore power. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 851–855. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Current electrical control methods of ship's shore power can not disperse the electrical distribution and have the problems of poor transport stability, low electrical utilization and long time of electrical transmission. Based on the condition of ship's shore power with low voltage, an automatic decentralized control method is proposed. By determining the maximum and minimum of the required electrical value, it can disperse the electrical accurately, reduce the time of electrical transmission, and improve the electrical utilization. Each closed loop system in the ship's shore power is controlled, to make the index to stabilization, and improve the stability of electrical dispersion. The experimental results show that the method has high dispersive stability, high electrical utilization and short electrical transmission time.

Yuan, L., 2018. How far away is China from marine technology power? Evidence from the marine technology survey in China. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 856–862. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In order to find out the competitiveness of China's marine technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China launched the technology evaluation project covering marine technology fields. Based on the experts investigation, the paper analyses the technology development trend, level and stage of marine technology field. It focus on the comparative analysis between China and technological leading countries. The results shows that the gap is narrowing, and some technologies are in leading group, most of them still in the following stage. There are less original marine technologies provided by China, and the level of industrialization is low in China. It's not easy to support the construction of world marine technology power.

Liu, H.; Chen, D.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, C. and Krasnoproshin, V., 2018. Secure access control method of ship electronic information system. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 863–867. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The current secure access control method cannot take into account the relationship between all users and resource permission, and the authentication results fail with the change of user behavior, resulting in the wrong authorization. To address this problem, a secure access control method for ship electronic information system based on trust evaluation is proposed in this paper. Combining the electronic information attribute management system with the domain decision system, the information attribute sensitivity is divided. According to the attribute sensitivity, user behavior trust evaluation value is calculated. By determine whether a sensitive attribute is submitted by judging the relationship between user's trust level and the sensitivity, the role and the permission is assigned for the user. The change of user's trust level will lead to dynamic change of the role and the permission, and the system security is ensured. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately determine user's behavior, and is more secure and reliable on secure access control.

Wu, W., 2018. Ship communication network intrusion signal identification based on Hidden Markov model. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 868–871. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The current intrusion signal recognition method cannot effectively suppress the noise signal interference in the ship communication network environment, and is sensitive to the initial parameters, which results in low recognition accuracy. To address this problem, an identification method based on hidden Markov model is proposed for ship communication network intrusion signal in this paper. The eigenvalue of the collected network signal CSI (channel state information) is denoised and classified. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the initial parameters of HMM and to solve the problem that the model is sensitive to the initial parameters. The classified signal is trained by hidden Markov model, and the network intrusion signal is identified by the trained HMM. Experimental results show that the maximum recognition accuracy of the proposed method is up to 97.58%, and it has a lower error rate.

Zhang, S.; Fan, L.; Gao, J., Pu, J., and Xu, K., 2018. Fault diagnosis of underwater vehicle and design of intelligent self-rescue system. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 872–875. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Due to the complexity of underwater environment, it is very necessary to study the fault diagnosis technology for underwater vehicle to perform underwater tasks safely, and it is also an important manifestation of its intelligence. According to the characteristics of propeller fault and its relationship with the motion state of underwater vehicle, the intelligent fault diagnosis and self-rescue system is designed for the underwater vehicle. Elman neural network is applied to establish the motion model of underwater vehicle, to obtain the fault information by comparing the model output and the actual measured value of motion. Experiments show that the design system can be used for on-line detection of propeller faults, to provide the basis for further fault tolerant control, and select the best measures for self-rescue, in order to ensure the vehicle to return safely in the condition of failure and even accomplish the task, which has important practical significance in underwater vehicle technology.

Ji, R.; Zhang, L.; Wang, S.; Zhang, Y.; Sheng, Q., and Hu, C., 2018. Analysis of coupling motion of vertical axis tidal turbine and floating carrier. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 876–882. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The oscillation of the floating tidal current carrier will cause the vertical axis tidal turbine to oscillate together, thereby changing the load distribution of the turbine main shaft. At the same time, the working load of the vertical axis turbine will also affect the motion response of the floating carrier. Based on the theory of CFD computational fluid dynamics, this paper studies the coupling motion characteristics of vertical axis turbines and floating tidal current carriers. Firstly, through the viscous CFD simulation, under the consideration of the oscillation of floating tidal current carrier, the working load of the tidal turbine was accurately calculated, Then, the motion response under the coupled action of vertical axis tidal turbine, mooring system and floating carrier is studied. The results show that the fluctuation of the floating tidal current energy carrier will change the distribution law of the turbine main shaft load and increase the load peak; The working load of the turbine will have a great influence on the motion response of the floating carrier on the three degrees of freedom of the yawing, swaying and heaving. The research results of this paper will provide reference for the design of floating tidal current power station.

Xin, J.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, L., and Li, S., 2018. The static and hydrodynamic characteristics of the ship's stem angle based on CFD. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 883–891. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The design of stem angle is critical to the development of stem angle. In this paper, the relationship between stem angle and hull stability, wave resistance, hull resistance is investigated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The influence of stem angle on the static and hydrodynamic properties of the ship is analyzed. Finally, the static and hydrodynamic performance of seven cases with different stem angles are compared. Results show that: (1) the included ship bow has a higher stability, (2) in the regular head waves, there is little influence on the rolling characteristics of the hull and the swinging period, and for Fr > 1, the included ship has smaller ship stem pitching amplitude (including cycle and peak) and higher heaving peak, and for Fr < 7 the included ship has a smaller total resistance.

Bai, J.; Mao, Z., and Pu, T., 2018. Structure and parameter identification of ship's multi-motion state model. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 892–896. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, the problem of poor accuracy of parameter identification exists in the method of ship's multi-motion model structure and parameter identification based on operational modal analysis. Therefore, this paper presents a structure and parameter identification method of ship's multi-motion model based on extended Calman filter. In this method, the ship motion equation is established in the fixed coordinate system, and to convert to the computation of motion variables, to obtain the ship motion state model, and realize the identification of ship motion state parameters by using the augmented state equation and extended Calman filter. The experimental results show that the Zig-zag experiment value of the ship heading of the proposed method agrees well with the measured value, and the predicted turning circle is very close to and the actual turning circle.