Two new species of Ocotea Aubl. from southern Ecuador and central Peru are described. The Peruvian species, O. raymondiana van der Werff, belongs in the Ocotea smithiana group and the affinity of the Ecuadorian species, O. aligra van der Werff, is uncertain.

We describe and illustrate a new species of Quararibea Aubl. from Costa Rica. Quararibea reflexipetala Cascante, J. Sánchez-Gonz. & W. S. Alverson is distinguished by its pleated petals with strongly reflexed and coiled apices. Quararibea pendula W. S. Alverson also has pleated petals, which are spreading or somewhat reflexed, but its petal apices are not coiled and its flowers are borne on very long, pendulous pedicels (vs. the short pedicels of Q. reflexipetala). This new species seems to be restricted to the Río Bananito watershed of the Caribbean slopes in the eastern part of Costa Rica.

The genus Dicaryum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. was described in 1819 and does not have a type species. Two species were described, and one, D. subdentatum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., is better selected as the type because the other species, D. serrulatum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., is not a Verbenaceae but rather a Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae and belongs to Geissanthus Hook. f. Given the circumstances, we choose D. subdentatum as the type species of Dicaryum, which is a synonym of Citharexylum ilicifolium Kunth.

Seven new species of Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) (D. antongilensis G. E. Schatz & Lowry, D. decaryoides G. E. Schatz & Lowry, D. kely G. E. Schatz & Lowry, D. maculata G. E. Schatz & Lowry, D. rubripetiolata G. E. Schatz & Lowry, D. subbullata G. E. Schatz &Lowry, and D. ultima G. E. Schatz & Lowry), which are present on the island of Nosy Mangabe in the Bay of Antongil, are described from Madagascar, along with notes on their conservation status according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, distribution, uses, and vernacular names. Four species are assessed as threatened (Endangered: D. decaryoides, D. subbullata, and D. ultima; Vulnerable: D. kely), while two species (D. antongilensis and D. maculata) are assessed as Near Threatened. Widespread D. rubripetiolata is considered to be Least Concern.

Rapanea pellucidostriata Gilg & Schellenb. is transferred to Myrsine L. as M. pellucidostriata (Gilg & Schellenb.) Pipoly & Ricketson, comb. nov. To our knowledge, this is the last species of Rapanea Aubl. remaining that did not have a name in the genus Myrsine. With the transfer of this species complete, all species of Rapanea and Suttonia A. Rich. have been transferred into Myrsine.

The name Senecio grisebachii Baker var. schyzotus Cabrera is recognized at the specific rank, and accordingly, a new combination, i.e., S. schyzotus (Cabrera) Iamonico, is proposed. This species differs from S. pterophorus DC. (=S. grisebachii) in having leaf bases with laciniate auricles.

The new species Zephyranthes pseudoconcolor Flagg, G. Lom. Sm. & García-Mend. is described from Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas, and figures are included. This species has affinities with Z. concolor (Lindl.) S. Wats. (authorial attribution of that combination, formerly incorrectly attributed to Benth. & Hook. f., is corrected in this paper) but is distinguished by having a smaller, pale lemon-yellow flower (inside and outside) basally increasingly lime with a lime-green perianth tube, shorter stigmatic lobes, and pedicel length greater than perianth length. For most of its taxonomic history, Z. pseudoconcolor has been identified as Habranthus concolor Lindl. or Z. concolor, resulting in H. concolor being redescribed as H. immaculatus Traub & Clint (with white perianth limbs inside and out). The new species and Z. concolor have been treated as distinct species for 60 years but with misapplied specific nomenclature.

Aristolochia melanocephala X. X. Zhu & J. S. Ma and A. pilosistyla X. X. Zhu & J. S. Ma, two new species from Yunnan, China, are described and illustrated here. The former is most similar to A. transsecta (Chatterjee) C. Y. Wu ex S. M. Hwang and A. wardiana J. S. Ma. The latter is most similar to A. neolongifolia J. L. Wu & Z. L. Yang and A. ledongensis Han Xu, Y. D. Li & H. J. Yang. Both new taxa are assessed as Vulnerable (VU D2) according to IUCN Red List criteria.

Recent study of the flora of eastern Brazil finds some new species of Palicourea Aubl. that are related to species currently classified in Psychotria L. subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm. and found in Atlantic Forest vegetation. Two new species are described here in Palicourea pending transfer of their relatives to this genus: Palicourea alagoana C. M. Taylor from Alagoas and Palicourea amorimii C. M. Taylor & J. G. Jardim from Bahia. Another new species, Palicourea atlantica C. M. Taylor & J. G. Jardim, from Bahia is related to two previously described species that have been classified in Psychotria since 1881. Psychotria jambosioides Schltdl. is transferred to Palicourea here, as Palicourea jambosioides (Schltdl.) C. M. Taylor, and Psychotria schlechtendaliana Müll. Arg. is treated here under its type-bearing name Palicourea divaricata Schltdl. These last three species are separated in a new section, Palicourea sect. Jambosioides (Müll. Arg.) C. M. Taylor.