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4 November 2023 Lipid metabolites index habitat quality for Canvasbacks on stopover areas during spring migration
Andrew F. Bouton, Michael J. Anteau, Eric J. Smith, Heath M. Hagy, Joseph D. Lancaster, Christopher N. Jacques
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Nutrients acquired by ducks on spring migratory stopover areas influence survival and subsequent reproduction. Accordingly, wetland loss and degradation on stopover areas can lead to reduced refueling efficiency and have demographic consequences. Lipid metabolite concentrations in blood provide a useful index of daily mass change in wild birds and can be used to make inferences about quality of stopover areas for refueling. We experimentally validated a model that uses lipid metabolites to predict daily mass change, and then we used those predictions to make inferences about foraging habitat quality for Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) at important stopover sites of the upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers, USA. We measured plasma lipid metabolites and daily mass change of 60 wild Canvasbacks held in short-term captivity and subjected to feeding and fasting treatments. Respectively, triglyceride and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were positively and negatively related to mass change (R2 = 0.58). On average, Canvasbacks collected experimentally across our study area had positive index values indicating sufficient forage resources to allow energy acquisition. However, predicted daily mass increases were greater at more northerly pools of the Mississippi River (Pools 7–8 and 13) compared to more southerly locations (Pool 19 of the Mississippi River and the Illinois River Valley), which was likely due, in part, to more abundant submerged aquatic vegetation at more northerly pools. Our results affirm that lipid metabolites are useful predictors of daily mass change that in turn can provide inferences about habitat quality. Lower daily mass increases of Canvasbacks at Pool 19 are concerning because that area is considered a critically important spring stopover area for migratory diving ducks. Considering the challenges of managing large rivers for multiple uses, targeting restoration of wetlands isolated or isolatable from river systems could provide stopover areas with necessary forage for optimal mass gain.

LAY SUMMARY

  • Wetlands along migration paths provide ducks with important food resources to build fat stores that fuel migration and prepare for breeding.

  • The ability of these wetlands to provide adequate food for ducks is under threat from climate and land use changes.

  • Our research shows that we can effectively use metabolites in blood as a tool for estimating daily mass change of Canvasback ducks on stopovers during spring migration.

  • We also examined blood taken from Canvasbacks using historically important wetland areas of Upper Mississippi River basin, finding that they increased mass indicating sufficient food resources during spring migration.

  • Canvasbacks using Pool 19 of the Mississippi River and the Illinois River Valley increased mass more slowly than those at other areas indicating potentially lower foraging habitat quality.

  • Blood plasma metabolites are indicators of mass changes associated with foraging habitat quality and can be used to help prioritize wetland conservation actions.

Los nutrientes adquiridos por los patos en las áreas de parada migratoria de primavera influyen en la supervivencia y la reproducción posterior. En consecuencia, la pérdida y degradación de humedales en las áreas de parada pueden llevar a una reducción en la eficiencia de reabastecimiento y tener consecuencias demográficas. Las concentraciones de metabolitos lipídicos en sangre proporcionan un índice útil del cambio diario de masa en las aves silvestres y se pueden utilizar para hacer inferencias sobre la calidad de las áreas de parada para reabastecimiento. Validamos experimentalmente un modelo que utiliza metabolitos lipídicos para predecir el cambio diario de masa, y luego utilizamos esas predicciones para hacer inferencias sobre la calidad del hábitat de forrajeo para Aythya valisineria en sitios de parada importantes de la cuenca superior de los ríos Mississippi y Illinois, EEUU. Medimos los metabolitos lipídicos en el plasma y el cambio diario de masa de 60 individuos silvestres de A. valisineria mantenidos en cautiverio a corto plazo y sometidos a tratamientos de alimentación y ayuno. Las concentraciones de triglicéridos y β-hidroxibutirato estuvieron relacionadas positiva y negativamente, respectivamente, con el cambio de masa (R2 = 0.58). En promedio, los individuos de A. valisineria colectados experimentalmente en nuestra área de estudio tuvieron valores de índice positivos que indicaron la presencia de recursos suficientes para permitir la adquisición de energía. Sin embargo, los aumentos diarios de masa predichos fueron mayores en los pozones más al norte del Río Mississippi (Pozones 7-8 y 13) en comparación con ubicaciones más al sur (Pozón 19 del Río Mississippi y el Valle del Río Illinois), lo que probablemente se debió, en parte, a una vegetación acuática sumergida más abundante en los pozones más al norte. Nuestros resultados confirman que los metabolitos lipídicos son predictores útiles del cambio diario de masa que, a su vez, pueden proporcionar inferencias sobre la calidad del hábitat. La disminución en los aumentos diarios de masa de A. valisineria en el Pozón 19 es preocupante porque esa área se considera un sitio de parada de primavera de vital importancia para los patos buceadores migratorios. Considerando los desafíos de gestionar grandes ríos para múltiples usos, enfocarse en la restauración de humedales aislados o aislables de los sistemas fluviales podría proporcionar a las áreas de parada el forraje necesario para un aumento óptimo de la masa.

Andrew F. Bouton, Michael J. Anteau, Eric J. Smith, Heath M. Hagy, Joseph D. Lancaster, and Christopher N. Jacques "Lipid metabolites index habitat quality for Canvasbacks on stopover areas during spring migration," Ornithological Applications 126(1), 1-12, (4 November 2023). https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad058
Received: 26 July 2023; Accepted: 11 October 2023; Published: 4 November 2023
KEYWORDS
adquisición de nutrientes
diving ducks
embalsamiento
energía
energy
gestión de humedales
impoundment
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