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8 June 2022 Professor Emeritus Roy A. Norton and his outstanding contributions to our knowledge of systematics, evolution, morphology, ecology and behaviour of Oribatida and other mites
Maria Minor, Valerie Behan-Pelletier
Author Affiliations +

Roy A. Norton (RAN), who is viewed by many as one of the most outstanding acarologists of today, a teacher, a mentor and a colleague to so many, was born 12 August 1947 in Rochester, New York, then a thriving industrial town and home of some of America's most iconic companies, such as Eastman Kodak, Xerox and Bausch & Lomb.

RAN's academic career is linked to the State University of New York-College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse, New York. Founded in 1911, SUNY-ESF is one of the oldest and most respected schools in the USA dedicated to the study of the environment, with strong interdisciplinary focus, a large cohort of graduate students, and a tranquil leafy campus. There, in Illick Hall, home to the Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, RAN studied and later worked as Technical Assistant (1970–1974), Research Assistant (1974–1977), Research Associate (1977–1985), Senior Research Associate (1985–1989), Associate Professor (1989–1991) and Professor (1991–2011), retiring as Professor Emeritus (2012–present). For 20 years (1985–2005) RAN was also a Research Associate at The Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, Illinois.

After a B.Sc. in Wildlife Management magna cum laude (1969), RAN proceeded to do his M.Sc. (1973) focusing on arthropod communities in Lake Ontario beach debris. It was also the year when RAN described his first new mite species1, which surprisingly was not an oribatid mite, but the Mesostigmatan—Macrocheles ontariensis Norton, 1973. More publications on taxonomy, ecology and behaviour of mites and soil arthropods followed210. In 1977 RAN defended his Ph.D. dissertation “The family Damaeidae (Acarina: Oribatei): systematics and review of biology”, followed by a series of publications on systematics and biology of oribatid mites1118. His most significant paper from that period is the review of F. Grandjean's system of leg chaetotaxy in the Oribatida13, which has had lasting importance for systematics and taxonomy of oribatid mites. Indeed, RAN's thorough absorption and clear interpretations of Grandjean's concepts are evident in all his systematic and morphological publications, for example 122, 123, 131, 223, 228 .

The same year (1977) RAN started teaching in The Acarology Summer Program at The Ohio State University, a series of week-long workshops on identification of mites and ticks which has been the longest running program of this kind in the world. RAN taught General Acarology and Soil Acarology annually or biennially until 2018, when the Acarology Summer Program moved to the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. The generations of students who were privy to RAN's encyclopedic knowledge of oribatid systematics, behaviour and ecology included participants from 36 countries (Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Columbia, Costa Rica, Egypt, England, Estonia, France, Germany, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Latvia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Russia, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USA).

Since 1978–79 RAN has focused primarily on his favorite group—Oribatida—where he has reached towering heights of expertise, publishing to date over 200 research papers and book chapters on systematics, evolution, biogeography and ecology of oribatid mites. There have been also studies on Astigmata and Prostigmata1921, 33, 71, 74, projects on impacts of natural and anthropogenic perturbations on soil animal communities23, 46, 51, 67, 126, 137, 140, 165 and methodological contributions53, 54, 60. Most of RAN's publications resulted from collaborative work, much of which was international in scope; more than 150 co-authors represent 60+ institutions worldwide.

There is hardly any aspect of oribatid mite biology that escaped RAN's attention during his incredibly productive career. RAN has enriched our knowledge on such matters in Oribatida as: phoresy31, 200; courtship behaviour162, 204; sperm transfer104; food passage through the alimentary tract138; defecation mechanisms169; trophic relationships141, 146, 191—we now know that oribatid mites can eat rotifers103 and are in turn eaten by newts8; general community ecology52, 145, 150, 159, 163, 174, 183, 210, 219, 222, 225, 229, 231, 232, 233; and chemical ecology125, 134, 194, 214, 224, including the fascinating topic of oribatid mites of certain families (Scheloribatidae, Parakalummidae, Drymobatidae, Mochlozetidae and Galumnidae) being a major dietary source of alkaloids in the skin of some poison dart frogs155, 189, 190, 206, 213 .

In 1993 RAN started a laboratory strain of the trhypochthoniid Archegozetes longisetosus Aoki, 1965 from a single gravid female collected in Puerto Rico. He shared offspring of this female with scientists worldwide, and to date there are almost 100 publications dealing with taxonomy, ecology, phylogeny, morphology and development of this species, based on this strain 125, 134, 138, 150, 153, 157, 169, 176, 178, 182, 187, 193, 194, 199, 202, 220. Archegozetes longisetosus is considered a chelicerate model species along with the ticks Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and I. scapularis Say 1821, and the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836.

RAN's interest in reproductive modes in Oribatida opened up a new field of evolutionary ecology in acarological research. His work with Sandra Palmer on parthenogenesis in oribatid mites62, 69, 75, 79, 80, 83 was a scientific milestone, highlighting that evolutionary radiation occurred in the absence of sexual reproduction in a number of large fully parthenogenetic families of Oribatida, and suggesting that automictic thelytoky was the mechanism involved. This was followed by a book chapter85 “Phylogenetic perspectives on genetic systems and reproductive modes of mites” in Wrensch & Ebbert (1993), which was particularly influential in providing an evolutionary framework for the existing knowledge on reproductive modes in mites. RAN's collaboration with Dana Wrensch on inverted meiosis in holokinetic chromosomes91 outlined mechanisms for DNA repair and genetic variability in thelytokous lineages, explaining how wholly thelytokous higher taxa can result. Work on early development and cytology of oribatid mites with Paavo Bergmann and Michael Laumann182, 187, 220 provided first evidence for automixis (meiotic thelytoky) in Oribatida. Numerous other collaborative projects109, 133, 148, 149, 151, 153, 154, 156, 176, 198 with Mark Maraun, Michael Heethoff and other colleagues investigated evolutionary, cytological and ecological aspects of reproduction and diversification in thelytokous oribatid mites.

A pivotal evolutionary question where RAN has made a significant contribution is that of the origin of Astigmata. RAN's view, a hypothesis first raised by Aleksei Zachvatkin (1953) and endorsed by Barry OConnor (1984), was that Astigmata (r-strategist colonizers of ephemeral substrates) are highly derived oribatid mites that evolved as a paedomorphic clade from within the Desmonomata. The life-history patterns90, morphological characters113, 115 and opisthonotal oil gland chemistry data125 were consistent with the hypothesis that Astigmata evolved from within the oribatid mites. In contrast to the evidence from morphology and oil gland chemistry, the early analysis of the 18S ribosomal and nuclear DNA did not support the origin of Astigmata within Oribatida157. The phylogenetic affinities of Astigmata remained unresolved, but not for long—further studies by other authors (e.g., Dabert et al. 2010; Klimov et al. 2018), using molecular phylogenetic tools, again convincingly placed Astigmata as a highly derived clade within Oribatida, thus rendering Oribatida themselves paraphyletic.

Structural, evolutionary and ecological aspects of Oribatida morphology are a significant research interest for RAN, and he has demonstrated how morphology can provide a phylogenetically informative set of characters for oribatid mite systematics and contribute to our understanding of their phylogenetic relationships. In collaborative studies, RAN has investigated the functional morphology of porose integumental organs99-102; ptychoid defensive mechanism136, 177, 186, 205; fine structures of the gnathosoma193; bite force of the chelicerae178; cuticular calcification81, 82, 123; and ecdysial cleavage lines93, 120. Of particular significance has been RAN's work on morphology of juvenile stages in Oribatida87, 92, 98, 112, 144, 160, 208, 223, 230, 234, a topic replete with knowledge gaps, especially in groups where juveniles and adults are not easily associated. This work has culminated recently in the catalogue of all known oribatid mite juveniles203 for 805 species in 310 genera, a massive effort—but still only a small fraction of Oribatida species described as adults.

RAN's interest in fossil Oribatida led to a series of collaborative projects41, 61, 68, 71, 106, the latter paper on mite-plant associations in Paleozoic coal swamps the winner of “Outstanding Paper of 1997” award from the Society for Sedimentary Geology. Work on Paleozoic mites was followed by research on oribatid mites from acarodomatia of Eocene fossil leaves78, from Tertiary amber88, 152, 170 and from Holocene stalagmites121. Some years later, this interest led to a series of publications188, 192, 195 on fossil oribatid mites from amber with Ekaterina Sidorchuk, which are outstanding in detail and quality.

RAN's ‘favourite’ taxa have been Damaeidae23, 2729, 32, 35, 37, 47, 70, 86, 89, 94, 95, 127, 158, 185 and Enarthronota24, 34, 42, 122, 123, 160, 180, 181, 201, 208, but other Oribatida groups have also benefitted from his attention. Significantly, he has documented59, clarified12, 18, 25, 26, 76, 77 and revised76, 217, 234 many of the Oribatida previously recorded from North America. RAN’s descriptions of new species, often done in collaboration, are too numerous to present here individually, but two deserve a special mention. Of these, the description of Collohmannia johnstoni Norton & Sidorchuk, 2014 is an outstanding example of a modern species description, with precision and rich details in observations on development and biology204. Similarly rich in detail is the description208 of Nanohystrix hammerae Norton & Fuangarworn, 2015—a single known species in the new family Nanohystricidae in Enarthronota, endemic to shrubland and forests of northern New Zealand. With an adult body length of 1–1.2 mm, N. hammerae is the largest known enarthronote mite outside Lohmanniidae and appears to be phylogenetically relictual. It has glassy, luminous erectile notogastral setae and unusual plesiomorphic traits (e.g., pigmented lateral eyes).

The publication that best captures RAN's breadth of thinking and his research philosophy is his 2007 Plenary Address to colleagues at the XI International Congress of Acarology in Mexico 161. He uses examples from oribatid mites—their predator defenses, their high incidence of obligate female parthenogenesis, and the origin of the exploitative group Astigmata from the detritivorous Malaconothroidea—to advocate for diverse and holistic approaches to acarological research “that get to the heart of ultimate, evolutionary causes for large-scale patterns that we see in mite biology.”

Over the course of his career, RAN held membership in a number of scientific societies, including the Acarological Society of America (charter and life member), Entomological Society of Mexico, European Association of Acarologists, and Systematic and Applied Acarology Society (China). He was the elected member of the Executive Committee of Acarological Society of America (1986–1990), member of Nominations Committee, Acarological Society of America (1990), elected member of the Executive Committee for the International Congresses of Acarology (1990–1994), and General Secretary of the Executive Committee, International Congresses of Acarology (1994–1998). Throughout his career, RAN had been an active member of editorial and advisory boards of acarological journals, including Experimental and Applied Acarology, International Journal of Acarology, Acarologia, Acta Zoologica Hungarica, Systematic and Applied Acarology, Acarina, Folia Entomologica Mexicana, Folia Entomologica Hungarica. In 2001 RAN was awarded the honorary lifetime membership in the Hungarian Academy of Science.

As Professor Emeritus since retiring at the end of 2011, RAN continues to live in the Syracuse area with his wife, Georgiana, and to carry on research and collaboration, with over 30 papers in recent years. His lasting impact in acarology is much more than the sum total of his publications—he is a patient, helpful and generous mentor, and has influenced so many learners of acarology. A multitude of students and colleagues have benefitted from his truly encyclopedic knowledge and thoughtful advice. RAN's colleagues comment on his generous and knowledgeable guidance, his great accuracy, precision and self-criticism in scientific matters, but also on his unbiased openness in discussions, and his humbleness.

Of unparalleled benefit to all working with Oribatida has always been RAN's collection of literature on oribatid mites, which includes nearly everything ever published on the subject, and which he readily makes available to colleagues. Today, this collection has been digitized and has become the part of regularly updated PDF Library of all literature on Oribatida, which is of inestimable value to the global community of oribatologists.

With seven mite genera and 29 species named in his honour, the RAN name has been already woven into the fabric of acarological history. Here, we hope to have convinced you that Professor Emeritus Roy A. Norton is the most worthy recipient of the 2022 McMurtry Award for Lifetime Achievement in Acarology.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Heinrich Schatz, Mark Maraun, Michael Heethoff and Elizabeth Franklin for contributing their [very high] opinions of Roy A. Norton, which were helpful in writing this article. We are grateful to Hans Klompen for providing information on students of The Acarology Summer Program at OSU and to Ronald Ochoa for the photograph. Thank you to Zhi-Qiang Zhang for the invitation to write the article.

Bibliography

ROY A. NORTONpublications 1973-current

1.

Norton, R.A. (1973) Macrocheles ontariensis n. sp., a new mite (Acarina, Macrochelidae) from fresh-water beach debris in New York. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , 46(1), 101–107. Google Scholar

2.

Norton, R.A. (1973) The ecology of soil and litter spiders. In : D.L. Dindal (ed.) Proceedings of the 1st Soil Microcommunities Conference, USAEC, Conf. 711076, National Technical Information Service, USDC , Springfield , pp. 138–156 Google Scholar

3.

Norton, R.A. (1973) Phoretic mites associated with the hermit flower beetle, Osmoderma eremicola (Knoch) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). American Midland Naturalist , 90(2), 447–449.  https://doi.org/10.2307/2424466  Google Scholar

4.

Norton, R.A. & Ide, G.S. (1974) Scutacarus baculitarsus agaricus n. subsp. (Acarina, Scutacaridae) from commercial mushroom houses, with notes on phoretic behavior. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , 49(4), 527–534. Google Scholar

5.

Dindal, D.L., Schwert, D. & Norton, R.A. (1975) Effects of sewage effluent disposal on community structure of soil invertebrates. In : Vanek, J. (ed.) Progress in Soil Zoology. Dr. W. Junk, Publ., The Hague, pp. 419–427.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1933-0_46  Google Scholar

6.

Dindal, D.L., Folts, D. & Norton, R.A. (1975) Effects of DDT on community structure of microarthropods in an old field. In : Vanek, J. (ed.), Progress in Soil Zoology. Dr. W. Junk, Publ., The Hague, pp. 505–513.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1933-0_56  Google Scholar

7.

Norton, R.A. (1975) Elliptochthoniidae, a new mite family (Acarina, Oribatei) from mineral soil in California. Journal of the New York Entomological Society , 83(3), 209–216. Google Scholar

8.

Norton, R.A. & MacNamara, M.C. (1976) The common newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) as a predator of soil mites in New York. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society , 11(1), 89–93. Google Scholar

9.

Norton, R.A. & Dindal, D.L. (1976) Structure of the microarthropod community in Lake Ontario beach debris. Environmental Entomology , 5(4), 773–779.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/5.4.773  Google Scholar

10.

Norton, R.A. & Metz, L.J. (1977) Euphthiracarus humeralis n. sp. (Acarina, Oribatei) from central North Carolina. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society , 12, 52–56. Google Scholar

11.

Norton, R.A. (1977) An example of phoretomorphs in the mite family Scutacaridae. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society , 12, 185–186. Google Scholar

12.

Metz, L.J., Reeves, R.M. & Norton, R.A. (1977) The works of A.P. Jacot. In : D.L. Dindal (ed.) Biology of Oribatid Mites. SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, pp. 1–31. Google Scholar

13.

Norton, R.A. (1977) A review of F. Grandjean's system of leg chaetotaxy in the Oribatei (Acari) and its application to the family Damaeidae. In : Dindal, D.L. (ed.) Biology of Oribatid Mites. SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, pp. 33–61. Google Scholar

14.

Norton, R.A., Metz, L.J. & Sharma, G. (1978) Some mites of the family Lohmanniidae (Acarina, Oribatei) from North and South Carolina soils. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society , 13, 15–24. Google Scholar

15.

Norton, R.A. (1978) The genus Damaeus Koch (Acarina, Oribatei) in the eastern United States. Acarologia , 19, 331–353. Google Scholar

16.

Norton, R.A., Metz, L.J. & Sharma, G. (1978) Observations on Epilohmannoides Jacot, 1936 (Acarina, Oribatei), with the description of a new species. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society , 13, 134–148. Google Scholar

17.

Norton, R.A. (1978) Veloppia kananaskis n. sp., with notes on the familial affinities of Veloppia Hammer (Acari, Oribatei). International Journal of Acarology , 4, 71–84.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957808684027  Google Scholar

18.

Norton, R.A. (1978) Notes on Nathan Banks' species of the mite genus Carabodes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , 80, 611–615. Google Scholar

19.

Philips, J. & Norton, R.A. (1978) Bubophilus ascalaphus gen. et sp. N. (Acarina, Syringophilidae) from the quills of a great horned owl. Journal of Parasitology , 64, 900–904.  https://doi.org/10.2307/3279528  Google Scholar

20.

Fain, A. & Norton, R.A. (1979) Fagacarus verrucosus n. g., n. sp. (Acari, Astigmata) from decaying beech wood in the U.S.A. International Journal of Acarology , 5, 5–8.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957908683160  Google Scholar

21.

Philips, J. & Norton, R.A. (1979) Lardoglyphus falconidus n. sp. (Acarina, Acaridae) from the nest of an American kestrel (Falco sparverius L.). Acarologia , 20, 128–137. Google Scholar

22.

Norton, R.A. (1979) Damaeidae (Acari, Oribatei) collected by the Hungarian Soil Zoological Expeditions to South America. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, (Ser. Nov.) 32, 55–64. Google Scholar

23.

Dindal, D.L. & Norton, R.A. (1979) Influence of human activities on community structure of soil Prostigmata. In : Rodriguez, J.G. (ed.) Recent Advances in Acarology , Vol. I. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 619–628.  https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-592201-2.50087-7  Google Scholar

24.

McDaniel, B., Norton, R.A. & Bolen, E.G. (1979) Mites of the family Lohmanniidae (Acari, Oribatei) from Texas. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , 81, 621–629. Google Scholar

25.

Norton, R.A. (1979) Notes on synonymies, recombinations, and lectotype designations in Nathan Banks' species of Nothrus (Acari, Oribatei). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , 81, 645–649. Google Scholar

26.

Norton, R.A. (1979) The identity of Pelopsis nudiuscula (Acari, Oribatei). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , 81, 696–697. Google Scholar

27.

Norton, R.A. (1979) Familial concepts in the Damaeoidea as indicated by preliminary phylogenetic studies. In : Rodriguez, J.G. (ed.) Recent Advances in Acarology , Vol. I. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 528–533.  https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-592202-9.50076-8  Google Scholar

28.

Norton, R.A. (1979) Aspects of the biogeography of Damaeidae sensu latu (Oribatei), with emphasis on North America. In : Rodriguez, J.G. (ed.) Recent Advances in Acarology , Vol. I. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 535–540.  https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-592202-9.50077-X  Google Scholar

29.

Norton, R.A. (1979) Generic concepts in the Damaeidae (Acari, Oribatei) I. Three new taxa based on species of Nathan Banks. Acarologia , 20, 603–622. Google Scholar

30.

Norton, R.A. & Metz, L. (1980) Nehypochthoniidae (Acari, Oribatei), a new mite family from the southeastern United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 73, 54–62.  https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/73.1.54  Google Scholar

31.

Norton, R.A. (1980) Observations on phoresy by oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatei). International Journal of Acarology , 6, 121–130.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647958008683206  Google Scholar

32.

Norton, R.A. (1980) Generic concepts in the Damaeidae (Acari, Oribatei). Part II. Acarologia , 21, 496–513. Google Scholar

33.

Miller, H. & Norton, R.A. (1981) Maple Gall Mites. New York State Pest Control Leaflet. SUNY–CESF, Syracuse. Google Scholar

34.

Norton, R.A. (1982) Arborichthonius n. gen., an unusual enarthronote soil mite (Acarina, Oribatei) from Ontario. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , 84, 85–96. Google Scholar

35.

Norton, R.A. & Palacios-Vargas, J.G. (1982) Nueva Belba (Oribatei, Damaeidae) de musgos epifitos de México. Folia Entomológica Mexicana , 52, 61–73. Google Scholar

36.

Norton, R.A., Oconnor, B.M. & Johnston, D.E. (1983) Systematic relationships of the Pediculochelidae (Acari, Acariformes). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , 85, 493–512. Google Scholar

37.

Behan-Pelletier, V. & Norton, R.A. (1983) Epidamaeus (Acari, Damaeidae) of arctic western North America and extreme northeast, U.S.S.R. The Canadian Entomologist , 115, 1253–1289.  https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1151253-10  Google Scholar

38.

Norton, R.A. (1983) Tenuialidae (Acari: Oribatei): new diagnoses for supraspecific taxa. Acarologia , 24, 203–217. Google Scholar

39.

Hagan, D.V. & Norton, R.A. (1983) Habitat distribution of soil oribatid mites in Bulloch County, Georgia. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society , 18, 485–491. Google Scholar

40.

Norton, R.A. (1983) Redefinition of Mochloribatula (Acari, Mochlozetidae), with new species, recombinations and notes on plant associations. Acarologia , 24, 449–464. Google Scholar

41.

Shear, W.J., Grierson, P., Bonamo, I., Rolfe, E., Smith & Norton, R. (1984) Early land animals in North America, evidence from Devonian age arthropods from Gilboa, New York. Science , 224, 492–494.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.224.4648.492  Google Scholar

42.

Norton, R.A. (1984) Monophyletic groups in the Enarthronota (Sarcoptiformes). In : Griffiths, D.A. & Bowman, C.E. (eds.) Acarology VI, Vol. I Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, pp. 233–240. Google Scholar

43.

Walter, D.E. & Norton, R.A. (1984) Body size distribution in sympatric oribatid mites (Acari, Sarcoptiformes) from California pine litter. Pedobiologia , 27, 99–106. Google Scholar

44.

Norton, R.A. (1984) Book review, Primitive oribatids of the Palaearctic region (J. Balogh and S. Mahunka). Systematic Zoology , 33, 472–474.  https://doi.org/10.2307/2413100  Google Scholar

45.

Norton, R.A. (1984) Notes on Nathan Banks' and Henry Ewing's species of Mochlozetidae (Acari, Sarcoptiformes), with the proposal of a new genus. Acarologia , 25, 397–406. Google Scholar

46.

Loehr, R.C., Martin, J.H., Neuhauser, E.F., Norton, R.A. & Malecki, M.R. (1985) Land treatment of an oily waste – degradation, immobilization, and bioaccumulation. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (NTIS no. PB 85–166 353/AS). Google Scholar

47.

Behan-Pelletier, V. & Norton, R.A. (1985) Epidamaeus (Acari, Damaeidae) of subarctic western North America and extreme Northeastern USSR. The Canadian Entomologist , 117, 277–319.  https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent117277-3  Google Scholar

48.

Norton, R.A. (1985) Humerobates Sellnick, 1929 (Acari, Oribatei, Humerobatidae), misidentification of the type-species, Notaspis humeralis Hermann, 1804. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature , 42, 53–56.  https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.862  Google Scholar

49.

Palacios-Vargas, J. & Norton, R.A. (1985) Dos nuevas especies de Trichoribates (Oribatei, Ceratozetidae) del Volcan Popocatepetl. Folia Entomológica Mexicana, (1984) 62, 89–109. Google Scholar

50.

Norton, R.A. (1985) Acarina. In : Parker, S.P. (ed.) McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology, 1985. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, pp. 89–91. Google Scholar

51.

Norton, R.A. & Sillman, D.Y. (1985) Impact of oily waste application on the mite community of an arable soil. Experimental and Applied Acarology , 1, 287–305.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01201569  Google Scholar

52.

Norton, R.A. (1985) Aspects of the biology and systematics of soil arachnids, particularly saprophagous and mycophagous mites. Quaestiones Entomologica , 21, 523–541. Google Scholar

53.

Norton, R.A. (1985) A variation of the Merchant-Crossley soil microarthropod extractor. Quaestiones Entomologica , 21, 669–671. Google Scholar

54.

Norton, R.A. & Sanders, F. (1985) Superior micro-needles for manipulating and dissecting soil invertebrates. Quaestiones Entomologica , 21, 673–674. Google Scholar

55.

Behan-Pelletier, V.M., Hill, S.B., Fjellberg, A., Norton, R.A. & Tomlin, A. (1985) Soil invertebrates, major reference texts. Quaestiones Entomologica , 21, 675–687. Google Scholar

56.

Norton, R.A. & Behan-Pelletier, V.M. (1986) Systematic relationships of Propelops, with a modification of family-group taxa in Phenopelopoidea (Acari, Oribatida). Canadian Journal of Zoology , 64, 2370–2383.  https://doi.org/10.1139/z86-353  Google Scholar

57.

Norton, R.A. & Palacios-Vargas, J.G. (1987) A new arboreal Scheloribatidae, with ecological notes on epiphytic oribatid mites of Popocatépetl, Mexico. Acarologia , 28, 75–89. Google Scholar

58.

Kurczewski, F.E., Kurczewski, E.J. & Norton, R.A. (1987) New prey records for species of nearctic Pompilidae (Hymenoptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , 60, 467–475. Google Scholar

59.

Marshall, V.G., Reeves, R.M. & Norton, R.A. (1987) Catalogue of the Oribatida (Acari) of Continental United States and Canada. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , 139, 1–418.  https://doi.org/10.4039/entm119139fv  Google Scholar

60.

Norton, R.A. & Kethley, J.B. (1988) A collapsible, full-sized Berlese-funnel system. Entomological News , 99, 41–47. Google Scholar

61.

Norton, R.A., Bonamo, P.M., Grierson, J.D. & Shear W.M. (1988) Oribatid mite fossils from a terrestrial Devonian deposit near Gilboa, New York State. Journal of Paleontology , 62, 259–269.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000029905  Google Scholar

62.

Palmer, S.C. & Norton, R.A. (1988) Changing views of sex's role in animal evolution. American Biology Teacher , 50, 202–207.  https://doi.org/10.2307/4448709  Google Scholar

63.

Norton, R.A., Williams, D.D. Hogg, I.D. & Palmer, S.C. (1988) Biology of the oribatid mite Mucronothrus nasalis (Acari, Oribatida, Trhypochthoniidae) from a small coldwater springbrook in eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology , 66, 622–629.  https://doi.org/10.1139/z88-093  Google Scholar

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Wang, H.-F. & Norton, R.A. (1988) New records of Crotonioidea from China, with description of a new species of Allonothrus (Acari, Oribatida). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica , 13, 261–273. Google Scholar

65.

Norton, R.A., Welbourn, W.C. & Cave, R.D. (1988) First records of Erythraeidae parasitic on oribatid mites (Acari, Prostigmata, Acari, Oribatida). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , 90, 407–410. Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. (1988) Book review, Acarology – Mites and Human Welfare (by T.A. Woolley). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , 90, 524–528. Google Scholar

67.

Neuhauser, E.F., Norton, R.A., Loehr, R.C. & Sillman, D.Y. (1989) Earthworm and soil microarthropod responses to oily waste application. Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 21, 275–281. Google Scholar

68.

Norton, R.A., Bonamo, P.M., Grierson, J.D. & Shear W.M. (1988) Fossil mites from the Devonian of New York State. In : Channabasavanna, G.P. & Viraktamath, C.K. (eds.) Progress in Acarology, vol. 1. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Acarology, August 1986, Bangalore. Oxford & IBH Publ. Co., New Delhi, pp. 271–277. Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A., Palmer, S. C. & Wang, H.-F. (1988) Parthenogenesis in Nothridae and related groups. In : Channabasavanna, G.P. & Viraktamath, C.K. (eds.) Progress in Acarology, vol. 1. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Acarology, August 1986, Bangalore. Oxford & IBH Publ. Co., New Delhi, pp. 255–259. Google Scholar

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Wang, H.-F. & Norton, R.A. (1989) Two new species of Damaeus (Acari, Oribatida) from Mt. Wuyi, Fujian Province, China. Acarologia , 30, 163–170. Google Scholar

71.

Kethley, J.B., Norton, R.A., Bonamo, P.M. & Shear, W.A. (1989) A terrestrial alicorhagiid mite (Acari, Acariformes) from the Devonian of New York. Micropaleontology (New York), 35, 367–373.  https://doi.org/10.2307/1485678  Google Scholar

72.

Norton, R.A. & Olszanowski, Z. (1989) A new Holonothrus (Oribatida, Crotoniidae) from Zaire, with notes on the distribution of crotoniid mites. Revue de Zoologie Africaine , 103, 405–412. Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. (1990) Acarina, Oribatida. In : Dindal, D.L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 779–803. Google Scholar

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Griffiths, D.A., Atyeo, W.T., Norton, R.A. & Lynch, C.A. (1990) The idiosomal chaetotaxy of astigmatid mites. Journal of Zoology (London), 220, 1–32.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04291.x  Google Scholar

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Palmer, S.C. & Norton, R.A. (1990) Further experimental proof of thelytokous parthenogenesis in oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida, Desmonomata). Experimental and Applied Acarology , 8, 149–159.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01194176  Google Scholar

76.

Norton, R.A. & Kethley, J.B. (1990) Berlese's North American oribatid mites, historical notes, recombinations, synonymies and type designations. Redia , 62 (1989), 421–499. Google Scholar

77.

Reeves, R.M. & Norton, R.A. (1991) Berlese's North American species of Carabodes (Oribatida, Carabodidae). International Journal of Acarology , 16, 191–199.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647959008683867  Google Scholar

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O'Dowd, D.J., Brew, C.R., Christophel, D.C. & Norton, R. (1991) Mite-plant associations from the Eocene of southern Australia. Science , 252, 99–101.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.252.5002.99  Google Scholar

79.

Norton, R.A. & Palmer, S.C. (1991) The distribution, mechanisms and evolutionary significance of parthenogenesis in oribatid mites. Chapter 7In : Schuster, R., & Murphy, P.W. (eds.) The Acari, Reproduction, Development and Life-History Strategies . Chapman and Hall, London. Pp. 107–136.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3102-5_7  Google Scholar

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Palmer, S.C. & Norton, R.A. (1991) Taxonomic, geographic and seasonal distribution of thelytokous parthenogenesis in the Desmonomata (Acari, Oribatida). Experimental and Applied Acarology , 12, 67–81.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01204401  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Behan-Pelletier, V.M. (1991) Calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate as cuticular hardening agents in oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida). Canadian Journal of Zoology , 69, 1504–1511.  https://doi.org/10.1139/z91-210  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Behan-Pelletier, V.M. (1991) Epicuticular calcification in Phyllozetes (Acari, Oribatida). In : Dusbábek, F. & Bukva, V. (eds.) Modern Acarology. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Acarology, August 1990, České Budějovice. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, pp. 323–324, pl 33 Google Scholar

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Palmer, S.C. & Norton, R.A. (1992) Genetic diversity in thelytokous oribatid mites (Acari, Acariformes, Desmonomata). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology , 20, 219–231. Google Scholar

84.

Norton, R.A. & Lions, J.-C. (1992) North American Synichotritiidae (Acari, Oribatida). 1. Apotritia walkeri n.g., n. sp., from California. Acarologia , 33, 285–301. Google Scholar

85.

Norton, R.A., Kethley, J.B., Johnston, D.E. & Oconnor, B.M. (1993) Phylogenetic perspectives on genetic systems and reproductive modes of mites. In : Wrensch, D.L. & Ebbert, M.A. (eds) Evolution and Diversity of Sex Ratio in Insects and Mites . Chapman & Hall, NY, pp. 8–99. Google Scholar

86.

Wang, H.-F. & Norton, R.A. (1993) A new species of the genus Dyobelba from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica , 18, 66–69. Google Scholar

87.

Seniczak, S. & Norton, R.A. (1993) The morphology of juvenile stages of moss mites of the family Nothridae (Acari, Oribatida). III. Zoologischer Anzeiger , 230, 19–33. Google Scholar

88.

Norton, R.A. & Poinar, G.O. (1993) Reassessment and new records of oribatid mite fossils from Tertiary Neotropical amber. Acarologia , 34, 57–68. Google Scholar

89.

Wang, H.-F. & Norton, R.A. (1993) Three new species of Epidamaeus (Oribatida, Damaeidae) from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica , 18, 312–321. Google Scholar

90.

Norton, R.A. (1994) Evolutionary aspects of oribatid mite life-histories and consequences for the origin of the Astigmata. Chapter5 In : Houck, M. (ed.) Mites, Ecological and Evolutionary Analyses of Life-History Patterns. Chapman & Hall, NY, pp. 99–135.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2389-5_5  Google Scholar

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Wrensch, D.L., Kethley, J.B. & Norton, R.A. (1994) Cytogenetics of holokinetic chromosomes and inverted meiosis, keys to the evolutionary success of mites, with generalizations on eukaryotes. Chapter 11In : Houck, M. (ed.) Mites, Ecological and Evolutionary Analyses of Life-History Patterns. Chapman & Hall, NY, pp. 282–343.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2389-5_11  Google Scholar

92.

Seniczak, S. & Norton, R.A. (1994) The morphology of juvenile stages of moss mites of the family Trhypochthoniidae (Acari, Oribatida), II. Zoologischer Anzeiger , 233, 29–44. Google Scholar

93.

Norton, R.A. & Kethley, J.B. (1994) Ecdysial cleavage lines of acariform mites (Arachnida, Acari). Zoologica Scripta , 23, 175–191.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00383.x  Google Scholar

94.

Norton, R.A. & Ryabinin, N.A. (1994) New alpine damaeid mite (Acari, Oribatida) from New Hampshire, USA. Acarologia , 35, 373–380. Google Scholar

95.

Wang, H.-F. & Norton, R.A. (1995) A new species of Belba and new records of Belba and Porobelba from China (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica , 20, 49–59. Google Scholar

96.

Swift, S.F. & Norton, R.A. (1995) Some oribatid mites (Acari, Acariformes) from Mt. Kaala, Oahu. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers , 42, 50–52. Google Scholar

97.

Krivolutsky, D.A., Lebrun, P., Kunst, M., Akimov, I.A., Bayartogtokh, B., Vasiliu, N., Golosova, L.D., Grishina, L.G., Karppinen, E., Kramnoy, V.J., Laskova, L.M., Luxto,n M., Marshall, V.G., Matveenko, A.A., Netuzhilin, I.A., Norton, R.A., Sitnikova, L.G., Smrž, J., Starý J., Tarba, Z.M., Shaldybina, E.S. & Eitminavičiũtė, I.S. (1995) Oribatid Mites. Morphology, Development, Phylogeny, Ecology, Methods of Study and Characteristics of the Model Species Nothrus palustris C.L. Koch, 1839. Nauka Press, Moscow, 224 pp. [in Russian] Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A., Behan-Pelletier, V.M. & Wang, H.-F. (1996) The aquatic oribatid mite genus Mucronothrus in Canada and the western U.S.A. (Acari: Trhypochthoniidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology , 74, 926–949.  https://doi.org/10.1139/z96-106  Google Scholar

99.

Norton, R.A., Alberti, G., Weigmann, G. & Woas, S. (1997) Porose integumental organs of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida), 1. Overview of types and distribution. Zoologica (Stuttgart), 146, 1–31. Google Scholar

100.

Alberti, G., Norton, R.A., Adis, J., Fernandez, N.A., Kratzmann, M. Moreno, A., Franklin, E., Weigmann, G. & Woas, S. (1997) Porose integumental organs of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida), 2. Fine structure. Zoologica (Stuttgart), 146, 33–114. Google Scholar

101.

Norton, R.A. & Alberti, G. (1997) Porose integumental organs of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida), 3. Evolutionary and ecological aspects. Zoologica (Stuttgart), 146, 115–143. Google Scholar

102.

Alberti, G., Norton, R.A., Adis, J., Fernandez, N. A., Franklin, E., Kratzmann, M., Moreno, A., Ribiero, E., Weigmann, G. & Woas, S. (1997) Porose areas and related organs in oribatid mites (Oribatida). In : Mitchell, R., Horn, D.J., Needham, G.R. & Welbourn, W.C. (eds.) Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Acarology. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, pp. 277–283. Google Scholar

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Norton, RA., Graham, T. & Alberti, G. (1997) A rotifer-eating ameronothroid (Acari: Ameronothridae) mite from ephemeral pools on the Colorado Plateau. In : Mitchell, R., Horn, D.J., Needham, G.R. & Welbourn, W.C. (eds.) Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Acarology. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, pp. 539–542. Google Scholar

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Estrada-Venegas, E., Norton, R.A. & Moldenke, A.R. (1997) Unusual sperm transfer in Pilogalumna sp. (Acari, Oribatida In : Mitchell, R., Horn, D.J., Needham, G.R. & Welbourn, W.C. (eds.) Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Acarology. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, pp. 565–567. Google Scholar

105.

Norton, R.A. (1997) Les Acariens Oribates. Études en Acarologie No. 1, a book review. International Journal of Acarology , 23, 221–222.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647959708683567  Google Scholar

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Labandeira, C.C., Phillips, T. & Norton, R.A. (1997) Oribatid mites and the decomposition of plant tissues in Paleozoic coal-swamp forests. Palaios , 12, 319–351. [winner of “Outstanding Paper of 1997” award from Society for Sedimentary Geology]  https://doi.org/10.2307/3515334  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. (1997) Book review, Eriophyoid Mites – Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Integrated Pest Management Reviews , 2, 214–215. Google Scholar

108.

Casanueva, M.E. & Norton, R.A. (1997) New nothroid mites from Chile, Novonothrus covarrubiasi n. sp. and Novonothrus puyehue n. sp. (Acari, Oribatida). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural , 70, 435–445. Google Scholar

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Perrot-Minnot, M.-J. & Norton, R.A. (1997) Obligate thelytoky in oribatid mites: no evidence for Wolbachia-inducement. The Canadian Entomologist , 129, 691–698.  https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent129691-4  Google Scholar

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Swift, S.F. & Norton, R.A. (1998) Preliminary report on the diversity of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of the Hawaiian Islands. Occasional Papers of the Bishop Museum , 57, 1–44. Google Scholar

111.

Hunt, G.S., Norton, R.A., Kelley J.P.H., Colloff, M.J. & Lindsay, S.M. (1998) An Interactive Glossary of Oribatid Mites, CD–ROM. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Google Scholar

112.

Seniczak, S., Norton, R.A. & Wang, H.-F. (1998) The morphology of juvenile stages of moss mites of the family Trhypochthoniidae (Acari, Oribatida), and the taxonomic status of some genera and species. Zoologischer Anzeiger , 237, 85–95. Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. (1998) Morphological evidence for the evolutionary origin of Astigmata (Acari, Acariformes). Experimental and Applied Acarology , 22, 559–594.  https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006135509248  Google Scholar

114.

Lions, J.-C. & Norton, R.A. (1999) North American Synichotritiidae (Acari, Oribatida) 2. Synichotritia spinulosa and S. caroli. Acarologia , 39(3), 265–284. Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. (1999) Morphological evidence for the evolutionary origin of Astigmata (Acari, Acariformes). In : Bruin, J., van der Geest, L.P.S. & Sabelis, M.W. (eds.) Evolution and Ecology of the Acari. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 45–72.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1343-6_3  Google Scholar

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Wang, H.-F., Norton, R.A. & Lu, J.-Q. (1999) Notes on the development of Afronothrus incisivus, with new distribution records from Asia and Australia. Systematic and Applied Acarology , 4, 111–120.  https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.4.1.16  Google Scholar

117.

Casanueva, M.E. & Norton, R.A. (1998) Novonothrus kethleyi spec. nov., a new nothroid mite (Acari, Oribatida) from Chile. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment , 33 (1999), 60–64.  https://doi.org/10.1076/snfe.33.1.60.2175  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Kinnear, A. (1999) New Australian records of xerophilic acariform mites (Oribatida and Prostigmata). The Australian Entomologist , 26, 53–55. Google Scholar

119.

Estrada-Venegas, E., Norton, R.A., Equihua-Martínez, A., Romero Nápoles, J., Trinidad Santos, J. & González Hernandez, H. (1999) Biología y nueva sinonimia de Archegozetes longisetosus Aoki (Acari-Oribatida) de La Mancha, Veracruz, Mexico. Folia Entomologica Mexicana , 107, 41–50. Google Scholar

120.

Norton, R.A., Florian, M.E. & Manning, L.E. (2001) Ecdysial cleavage line in Paralycus sp. (Acari, Oribatida, Pediculochelidae). International Journal of Acarology , 27, 97–99.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950108684235  Google Scholar

121.

Polyak, V.J., Cokendolpher, J.C., Norton, R.A. & Asmerom, Y. (2001) A wetter and cooler late Holocene climate in the southwestern USA from mites preserved in stalagmites. Geology , 29(7), 643–646. Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. (2001) Systematic relationships of Nothrolohmanniidae, and the evolutionary plasticity of body form in Enarthronota (Acari, Oribatida). In : Halliday, R.B., Walter, D.E., Proctor, H.C., Norton, R.A. & Colloff, M.J. (eds) Acarology – Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Acarology . CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp 58–75. Google Scholar

123.

Alberti, G., Norton, R.A. & Kasbohm, J. (2001) Fine structure and mineralization of cuticle in Enarthronota and Lohmannioidea (Acari, Oribatida). In : Halliday, R.B., Walter, D.E., Proctor, H.C., Norton, R.A. & Colloff, M.J. (eds) Acarology – Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Acarology . CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp 230–241. Google Scholar

124.

Olszanowski, Z., Szywilewska, A. & Norton, R.A. (2001) New moss mite of the genus Camisia (Acari, Oribatida, Camisiidae) from the western Nearctic region. Genus , 12, 395–406 Google Scholar

125.

Sakata, T. & Norton, R.A. (2001) Opisthonotal gland chemistry of early-derivative oribatid mites (Acari) and its relevance to systematic relationships of Astigmata. International Journal of Acarology 27, 281–291.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950108684268  Google Scholar

126.

Minor, M. & Norton, R.A. (2001) Effects of short-rotation forestry site preparation techniques on mite communities in soil. Proceedings of the Short Rotation Woody Crops Operations Working Group, 3rd biennial conference, 2000, Syracuse, NY. State University of New York, College of Environmental Science & Forestry, Syracuse, pp 185–191. Google Scholar

127.

Estrada-Venegas, E.G. & Norton, R.A. (2001) Biología y comportamiento de Epidamaeus (Akrodamaeus) sp. (Oribatida, Damaeidae). In : Vargas, M., Polaco, O.J. & Zúñiga, G. (eds.) Contribuciones Entomológicas. Homenaje a la Dra. Isabel Bassols Batalla. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, México, D.F., pp. 57–67. Google Scholar

128.

Olszanowski, Z. & Norton, R.A. (2002) Paracamisia osornensis n. gen., n. sp., (Acari, Oribatida) from Valdivian forest soil in Chile. Zootaxa , 25, 1–15.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.25.1.1  Google Scholar

129.

Norton, R.A. (2002) Book review, Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, vol. 8, Chelicerate Arthropoda. G. Alberti, L. B. Coons, W. H. Fahrenbach, R. D. Farley, B. E. Felgenhauer & W. A. Shear, contributors; F. W. Harrison & R. F. Foelix, editors. Wiley–Liss, New York, Weinheim, Chichester. 1999. Experimental and Applied Acarology , 25, 609–612. Google Scholar

130.

Shimano, S., Sakata, T. & Norton, R.A. (2002) Occurrence of Camisia solhoeyi (Oribatida, Camisiidae) in Japan. Acta Arachnologica , 51, 145–147.  https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.51.145  Google Scholar

131.

Norton, R.A. (2003) Nothrolohmannia baloghi n. sp. (Acari, Oribatida), from rainforest in Papua New Guinea, and reevaluation of Nothrolohmanniidae. Acta Zoologica Hungarica , 49(1), 25–42. Google Scholar

132.

Norton, R.A., Sanders, F.H. & Minor, M.A. (2003) Euphthiracarus cooki n. sp., a new oribatid mite (Acari, Oribatida) from Michigan and New York. In : Smith, I.M. (ed.) An Acarological Tribute to David R. Cook – From Yankee Springs to Wheeny Creek. Indira Publishing House, West Bloomfield, Indiana, pp. 201–210. Google Scholar

133.

Maraun, M, Heethoff, M. Scheu, S. Norton, R.A., Weigmann, G. & Thomas, R. (2003) Radiation in sexual and parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari) as indicated by genetic divergence of closely related species. Experimental & Applied Acarology , 29, 265–277.  https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025833814356  Google Scholar

134.

Sakata, T. & Norton, R.A. (2004) Opisthonotal gland chemistry of a middle-derivative oribatid mite, Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari, Trhypochthoniidae). International Journal of Acarology , 29(4), 345–350.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950308684351  Google Scholar

135.

Shimano, S. & Norton, R.A. (2004) Is the Japanese oribatid mite Euphthiracarus foveolatus Aoki, 1980 (Acari, Euphthiracaridae) a junior synonym of E. cribrarius (Berlese, 1904)? Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan , 12(2), 115–126.  https://doi.org/10.2300/acari.12.115  Google Scholar

136.

Sanders, F.H. & Norton, R.A. (2004) Anatomy and function of the ptychoid defensive mechanism in the mite Euphthiracarus cooki (Acari, Oribatida). Journal of Morphology , 259(2), 119–154.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10183  Google Scholar

137.

Minor, M.A., Volk, T.A. & Norton, R.A. (2004) Effects of site preparation techniques on communities of soil mites (Acari, Oribatida, Acari, Gamasina) under short-rotation forestry plantings in New York, USA. Applied Soil Ecology , 25, 181–192.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2003.10.002  Google Scholar

138.

Smrž, J. & Norton, R.A. (2004) Food selection and internal processing in Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari, Oribatida). Pedobiologia , 48, 111–120.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.09.003  Google Scholar

139.

Maraun, M., Heethoff, M., Schneider, K, Scheu, S., Weigmann, G., Cianciolo, J. Thomas, R.H. & Norton, R.A. (2004) Molecular phylogeny of oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari), evidence for multiple radiations of parthenogenetic lineages. Experimental and Applied Acarology , 33, 183–201.  https://doi.org/10.1023/B:APPA.0000032956.60108.6d  Google Scholar

140.

Minor, M.A. & Norton, R.A. (2004) Effects of soil amendments on assemblages of soil mites (Acari, Oribatida, Mesostigmata) in short-rotation willow plantings in central New York. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 34, 1417–1425.  https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-035  Google Scholar

141.

Schneider, K., Migge, S., Norton, R.A., Scheu, S., Langel, R., Reineking, A. & Maraun, M. (2004) Trophic niche differentiation in soil microarthropods (Oribatida, Acari), evidence from stable isotope ratios (15N/14N). Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 36, 1769–1774.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.04.033  Google Scholar

142.

Norton, R.A. (2004) John B. Kethley (1942–2004) – a personal remembrance. International Journal of Acarology , 30, 383–387.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950408684409  Google Scholar

143.

Chen, J., Behan-Pelletier, V. M., Wang, H-F. & Norton, R. (2004) New species of Gymnodampia (Acari, Oribatida, Ameroidea) from China. Acarologia , 44, 235–252. Google Scholar

144.

Chen, J., Norton, R.A., Behan-Pelletier, V.M. & Wang, H-F. (2004) Analysis of Gymnodampia (Acari, Oribatida), with redescription of G. setata Jacot and description of two new species from North America. Canadian Entomologist , 136, 793–821.  https://doi.org/10.4039/n04-017  Google Scholar

145.

Oliveira, A.R., Norton, R.A. & Moraes, G.J. de. (2005) Edaphic and plant inhabiting oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from Cerrado and Mata Atlântica ecosystems in the State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Zootaxa , 1049, 49–68.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1049.1.4  Google Scholar

146.

Illig, J., Langel, R., Norton, R.A., Scheu, S. & Maraun, M. (2005) Where are the decomposers? Uncovering the soil food web of a tropical mountain rain forest in southern Ecuador using stable isotopes (15N). Journal of Tropical Ecology , 21, 589–593.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467405002646  Google Scholar

147.

Szywilewska, A., Olszanowski, Z. & Norton, R.A. (2005) New oribatid mite of the genus Crotonia (Acari, Oribatida, Crotoniidae) from Chile. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw), 55(3), 449–452. Google Scholar

148.

Schaefer, I., Domes, K., Heethoff, M., Schneider, K., Scheu, S., Norton, R.A. & Maraun, M. (2006) No evidence for the ‘Meselson effect’ in parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari). Journal of Evolutionary Biology , 19, 184–193  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00975.x  Google Scholar

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Peschel, K., Norton, R.A., Scheu, S. & Maraun, M. (2006) Do oribatid mites live in enemy-free space? Evidence from food choice experiments with the predatory mite Pergamasus septentrionalis. Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 38, 2985–2989.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.035  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. (2006) First record of Collohmannia (C. schusteri n. sp.) and Hermannia (H. sellnicki n. sp.) from Baltic amber, with notes on Sellnick's genera of fossil oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida). Acarologia , 46, 111–125. Google Scholar

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Heethoff, M, Bergmann, P. & Norton, R.A. (2006) Karyology and sex determination of oribatid mites. Acarologia , 46, 127–131. Google Scholar

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Domes, K. Norton, R.A., Maraun, M & Scheu, S. (2007) Re-evolution of sexuality breaks Dollo's law. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 104, 7139–7144.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0700034104  Google Scholar

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Saporito, R.A., Donnelly, M.A., Norton, R.A., Garraffo, H.M., Spande, T.K. & Daly, J.W. (2007) Oribatid mites as a major dietary source for alkaloids in poison frogs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 104, 8885–8890.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702851104  Google Scholar

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Laumann, M., Norton, R.A., Weigmann, G., Scheu, S., Maraun, M. & Heethoff, M. (2007) Speciation in the parthenogenetic oribatid mite genus Tectocepheus (Acari, Oribatida) as indicated by molecular phylogeny. Pedobiologia , 51, 111–122.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.02.001  Google Scholar

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Domes, K., Althammer, M., Norton, R.A., Scheu, S. & Maraun, M. (2007) The phylogenetic relationship between Astigmata and Oribatida (Acari) as indicated by molecular markers. Experimental and Applied Acarology , 42, 159–171.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-007-9088-8  Google Scholar

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Bayartogtokh, B. & Norton, R.A. (2007) The Dyobelba tectopediosa species-group (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae) from Eastern North America, with notes on ecology and biogeography of world Dyobelba. Zootaxa , 1591, 39–66. Google Scholar

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Root, H., McGee, G.G. & Norton, R.A. (2007) Arboreal mite communities on epiphytic lichens of the Adirondack Mountains of New York. Northeastern Naturalist , 14(3), 425–438. Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Behan-Pelletier, V.M. (2007) Eniochthonius mahunkai sp. N. (Acari, Oribatida, Eniochthoniidae), from North American peatlands, with a redescription of Eniochthonius and a key to North American species. Acta Zoological Hungarica , 53, 295–333. Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. (2007) Holistic acarology and ultimate causes: examples from the oribatid mites. In : Morales-Malacara, J.B., Behan-Pelletier, V., Ueckermann, E., Pérez, T.M., Estrada-Venegas, E.G. & Badii, M. (eds.) Acarology XI, Proceedings of the International Congress. Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, pp. 3–20. Google Scholar

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Oliveira, A. R, Norton, R.A., Moraes, G.J. de & Faccini, J.L.H. (2007) Preliminary observations on courtship behavior in Mochloribatula (Oribatida, Mochlozetidae). In : Morales-Malacara, J.B., Behan-Pelletier, V., Ueckermann, E., Pérez, T.M., Estrada-Venegas, E.G. & Badii, M. (eds.) Acarology XI, Proceedings of the International Congress. Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, pp. 715–718. Google Scholar

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Maraun, M., Illig, J., Sandmann, J.D., Krashevskaya, V., Norton, R.A. & Scheu, S. (2008) Soil Mites. In : Beck, E., Kottke, I., Bendix, J., Makeschin, F. & Mosandl, R. (eds) Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador. Ecological Studies 198 , Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 181–192. Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A, Oliveira, A.R. & Moraes, G.J. de. (2008) First Brazilian records of the acariform mite genera Adelphacarus and Gordialycus (Adelphacaridae and Nematalycidae). International Journal of Acarology , 34, 91–94.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950808683709  Google Scholar

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Minor, M.A. & Norton, R.A. (2008) Effects of weed-control herbicides on communities of soil mites (Oribatida and Gamasina) in short-rotation willow plantings in central New York. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 38, 1061–1070.  https://doi.org/10.1139/X07-207  Google Scholar

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Franklin, E., Norton, R.A. & Crossley, D.A., Jr. (2008) Zygoribatula colemani sp. Nov (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatulidae) from Granite Outcrops in Georgia, USA, with a highly variable translamella. Zootaxa , 1847, 34–48.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1847.1.3  Google Scholar

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Root, H.T., Kawahara, A.Y. & Norton, R.A. (2007). Anachipteria sacculifera n. sp. (Acari, Oribatida, Achipteriidae) from arboreal lichens in New York State. Acarologia , 47, 173–181. Google Scholar

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Schmelzle, S., Norton, R.A. & Heethoff, M. (2009) The ptychoid defensive mechanism in Euphthiracaroidea (Acari, Oribatida): A comparison of exoskeletal elements. Soil Organisms , 80(2), 227–241. Google Scholar

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Heethoff, M. & Norton, R.A. (2009) Role of musculature during defecation in a particle-feeding arachnid, Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari, Oribatida), examined by synchrotron X-ray tomography, 3D reconstruction and in vivo observations. Journal of Morphology , 270, 1–13. (cover article for January 2009 issue)  https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10667  Google Scholar

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Heethoff, M., Helfen, L & Norton, R.A. (2009) Description of Neoliodes domincus n. sp. (Acari, Oribatida) from Dominican amber, aided by synchrotron X-ray microtomography. Journal of Paleontology , 83, 153–159. (cover article for January 2009 issue)  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000058224  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Behan-Pelletier, V.M. (2009) Oribatida. Chapter 15 In : Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (eds) A Manual of Acarology. Texas Tech Univ. Press, Lubbock, pp. 430–564. Google Scholar

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Weigmann, G. & Norton, R.A. (2009) Validity and interpretation of Murcia Koch, Trichoribates Berlese and their type species (Acari, Oribatida, Ceratozetidae). Zootaxa , 2107, 65–68.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2107.1.4  Google Scholar

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Seniczak, S., Norton, R.A. & Seniczak, A. (2009) Morphology of Hydrozetes confervae (Schrank, 1781) and H. parisiensis Grandjean, 1948 (Acari, Oribatida, Hydrozetidae), and keys to European species of Hydrozetes Berlese, 1902. Zoologischer Anzeiger , 248, 71–83.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2009.01.001  Google Scholar

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Maraun, M., Erdmann, G. Schulz, G. Norton, R., Scheu, S. & Domes, K. (2009) Multiple convergent evolution of arboreal life in oribatid mites indicates the primacy of ecology. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 276, 3219–3227.  https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0425  Google Scholar

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Seniczak, S., Norton, R.A. & Seniczak, A. (2009) Morphology of Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1904) and Hypochthonius rufulus C. L. Koch, 1835 (Acari, Oribatida, Hypochthonioidea). Zoologischer Anzeiger , 59, 373–386.  https://doi.org/10.3161/000345409X476440  Google Scholar

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Heethoff, M., Norton, R.A., Scheu, S., Maraun, M. (2009) Parthenogenesis in oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida). In : Schön, I., Martens, K. & van Dijk, P. (eds.) Lost Sex – The Evolutionary Biology of Parthenogenesis. Springer, pp. 241–257.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2770-2_12  Google Scholar

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Schmelzle, S., Helfen, L., Norton, R.A. & Heethoff, M. (2009) The ptychoid defensive mechanism in Euphthiracaroidea (Acari, Oribatida): A comparison of muscular elements with functional considerations. Arthropod Structure & Development , 38, 461–472.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2009.07.001  Google Scholar

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Heethoff, M. & Norton, R.A. (2009) A new use for synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SR–µCT), three-dimensional biomechanical modeling of chelicerate mouthparts and calculation of theoretical bite forces. Invertebrate Biology , 128, 332–339.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2009.00183.x  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A., Franklin, E. & Crossley, D.A., Jr. (2010) Scapheremaeus rodickae n. sp. (Acari, Oribatida, Cymbaeremaeidae) associated with temporary rock pools in Georgia, with key to Scapheremaeus species in eastern USA and Canada. Zootaxa , 2393, 1–16.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2393.1.1  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Corpuz–Raros, L. (2010) Nothrolohmannia samarensis sp. n. (Acari, Oribatida, Hypochthoniidae) from Samar Island, Philippines. Systematic and Applied Acarology , 15, 39–46.  https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.15.1.5  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. (2010) Systematic relationships of Lohmanniidae (Acari, Oribatida). In : Sabelis, M.W. & Bruin, J. (eds.) Trends in Acarology – Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Acarology. Springer, The Netherlands, pp. 9–16.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9837-5_2  Google Scholar

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Laumann, M., Bergmann, P., Norton, R.A. & Heethoff, M. (2010) First cleavages, preblastula and blastula in the parthenogenetic mite Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari, Oribatida) indicate holoblastic rather than superficial cleavage. Arthropod Structure and Development , 39, 276–286.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2010.02.003  Google Scholar

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Illig, J., Norton, R.A., Scheu, S. & Maraun, M. (2010) Density and community structure of soil- and bark-dwelling microarthropods along an altitudinal gradient in a tropical montane rainforest. Experimental and Applied Acarology , 52, 49–62  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-010-9348-x  Google Scholar

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Schaefer, I., Norton, R.A., Scheu, S & Maraun, M. (2010) Arthropod colonization of land – Linking molecules and fossils in oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 57, 113–121.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.015  Google Scholar

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Miko, L. & Norton, R.A. (2010) Weigmannia n. gen. from eastern North America, with redescription of the type species, Porobelba parki Jacot, 1937 (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae). Acarologia , 50(3), 343–356.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.015  Google Scholar

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Schmelzle, S., Helfen, L., Norton, R.A. & Heethoff, M. (2010) The ptychoid defensive mechanism in Phthiracarus longulus (Acari, Oribatida, Phthiracaroidea): Exoskeletal and muscular elements. Soil Organisms , 82(2), 253–273. Google Scholar

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Laumann, M., Norton, R.A. & Heethoff, M. (2010) Acarine embryology, inconsistencies, artificial results and misinterpretations. Soil Organisms , 82(2), 217–235. Google Scholar

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Sidorchuk, E.A. & Norton, R.A. (2010) Redescription of the fossil oribatid mite Scutoribates perornatus, with implications for systematics of Unduloribatidae (Acari, Oribatida). Zootaxa , 2666, 45–67.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2666.1.3  Google Scholar

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Raspotnig, G., Norton, R.A. & Heethoff, M. (2011) Oribatid mites and skin alkaloids in poison frogs. Biology Letters , 7, 555–556.  https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1113  Google Scholar

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Saporito, R.A., Norton, R.A., Andriamaharavo, N.R., Garraffo, H.N. & Spande, T.F. (2011) Alkaloids in the mite Scheloribates laevigatus, further alkaloids common to oribatid mites and poison frogs. Journal of Chemical Ecology , 37, 213–218.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-011-9914-7  Google Scholar

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Maraun, M., Erdmann, G., Fischer, B.M., Pollierer, M., Norton, R.A., Schneider, K. & Scheu, S. (2011) Stable isotopes revisited, their use and limits for oribatid mite trophic ecology. Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 43, 877–882 (an invited “Citation Classic” review paper).  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.01.003  Google Scholar

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Sidorchuk, E.A. & Norton, R.A. (2011) The fossil mite family Archaeorchestidae (Acari, Oribatida) I, redescription of Strieremaeus illibatus and synonymy of Strieremaeus with Archaeorchestes. Zootaxa , 2993, 34–58.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2993.1.3  Google Scholar

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Alberti, G., Heethoff, M., Norton, R.A., Seniczak, A. & Seniczak, S. (2011) Fine structure of the gnathosoma of Archegozetes longisetus Aoki (Acari, Oribatida, Trhypochthoniidae). Journal of Morphology , 272, 1025–1079.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10971  Google Scholar

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Heethoff, M., Koerner, L. Norton, R.A. & Raspotnig, G. (2011) Tasty but protected – First evidence of chemical defense in oribatid mites. Journal of Chemical Ecology , 37, 1037–1043.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-011-0009-2  Google Scholar

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Sidorchuk, E.A. & Norton, R.A. (2011) The fossil mite family Archaeorchestidae (Acari, Oribatida) II, redescription of Plategeocranus sulcatus and family-group relationships. Zootaxa , 3051, 14–40.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3051.1.2  Google Scholar

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Schatz, H., Behan-Pelletier, V.M., OConnor, B.M. & Norton, R.A. (2011) Suborder Oribatida van der Hammen, 1968. In : Zhang, Z.–Q. (ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness. Zootaxa , 3148, 141–148.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.26  Google Scholar

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Schmelzle, S., Norton, R.A. & Heethoff, M. (2012) A morphological comparison of two closely related ptychoid oribatid mite species, Phthiracarus longulus and P. globosus (Acari, Oribatida, Phthiracaroidea). Soil Organisms , 84(2), 431–443 Google Scholar

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Maraun, M., Norton, R.A., Ehnes, L.B., Scheu, S. & Erdmann, G. (2012) Positive correlation between density and parthenogenetic reproduction in oribatid mites (Acari) supports the structured resource theory of sexual reproduction. Evolutionary Ecology Research , 14, 311–323. Google Scholar

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Pachl, P., Domes, K., Schulz, G., Norton, R.A., Scheu, S., Schaefer, I. & Maraun, M. (2012) Convergent evolution of defense mechanisms in oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) shows no “ghosts of predation past”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 65, 412–420.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.030  Google Scholar

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Beaty, L.E., Esser, H.J., Miranda, R. & Norton, R.A. (2013) First report of phoresy by an oribatid mite (Trhypochthoniidae, Archegozetes magnus) on a frog (Leptodactylidae, Engystomops pustulosus) . International Journal of Acarology , 39(4), 325–326.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2013.777783  Google Scholar

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Fuangarworn, M. & Norton, R.A. (2013) Psammochthoniidae n. fam., a paedomorphic family of oribatid mites (Oribatida, Enarthronota) from sandy soil in Thailand, Brazil and the USA. Zootaxa , 3691(4), 473–499.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3691.4.7  Google Scholar

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Heethoff, M., Bergmann, P., Laumann, M. & Norton, R.A. (2013) The 20th anniversary of a model mite, a review of current knowledge about Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari, Oribatida). Acarologia , 53(4), 353–368.  https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20132108  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Ermilov, S.G. (2014) Catalogue and historical overview of juvenile instars of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida). Zootaxa , 3833, 1–132.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3833.1.1  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Sidorchuk, E.A. (2014) Collohmannia johnstoni n. sp. (Acari, Oribatida) from West Virginia (U.S.A.), including description of ontogeny, setal variation, notes on biology and systematics of Collohmanniidae. Acarologia , 54(3), 271–334.  https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20142134  Google Scholar

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Schmelzle, S., Norton, R.A. & Heethoff, M. (2015) Mechanics of the ptychoid defense mechanism in Ptyctima (Acari, Oribatida): One problem, two solutions. Zoologischer Anzeiger , 254, 27–40.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2014.09.002  Google Scholar

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Saporito, R.A., Norton, R.A., Garraffo, M.H. & Spande, T.F. (2015) Taxonomic distribution of defensive alkaloids in Nearctic oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida). Experimental and Applied Acarology , 67, 317–333.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-015-9962-8  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Sidorchuk, E.A. (2015) Collohmannia Sellnick, 1922 (Arachnida, Acari, Oribatida), proposed conservation by giving it precedence over the senior subjective synonym Embolacarus Sellnick, 1919. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature , 72(1), 33–40.  https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v72i1.a9  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Fuangarworn, M. (2015) Nanohystricidae n. fam., an unusual, plesiomorphic enarthronote mite family endemic to New Zealand (Acari, Oribatida). Zootaxa , 4027(2), 151–204  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4027.2.1  Google Scholar

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Behan-Pelletier, V. & Norton, R.A. (2016) Sarcoptiformes, Oribatida. In : Thorp, J.H. & Rogers, D.C. (eds.) Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (4th ed.), Vol. II, Keys to Nearctic Fauna. Elsevier, Boston, MA, pp. 295–305. Google Scholar

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Wehner, K., Norton, R.A., Blüthgen, N. & Heethoff, M. (2016) Specialization of oribatid mites to forest microhabitats–the enigmatic role of litter. Ecosphere , 7(3), e01336(online), 19 pp.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1336  Google Scholar

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Lotfollahi, P., Movahedzade, E., Abbasi, A., Shimano, S. & Norton, R.A. (2016) Second species of the family Arborichthoniidae (Acari, Oribatida), from agricultural soil in Iran. International Journal of Acarology , 42(5), 229–234.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2016.1173726  Google Scholar

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Sidorchuk, E.A. & Norton, R.A. (2016) The identity and type specimens of Collohmannia asiatica (Acari, Oribatida, Collohmanniidae). Acarina , 24(1), 5–16.  https://doi.org/10.21684/0132-8077.2016.24.1.5.16  Google Scholar

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Heethoff, M., Norton, R.A. & Raspotnig, G. (2016) Once again, oribatid mites and skin alkaloids in poison frogs. Journal of Chemical Ecology , 42, 841–844.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-016-0758-z  Google Scholar

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Brückner, A., Raspotnig, G., Wehner, K., Meusinger, R., Norton, R.A. & Heethoff, M. (2017) Storage and release of hydrogen cyanide in a chelicerate (Oribatula tibialis). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 114(13), 3469–3472.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618327114  Google Scholar

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Oliveira, A.R., Argolo, P.S., de Moraes, G.J., Norton, R.A. & Schatz, H. (2017) A checklist of the oribatid mite species (Acari, Oribatida) of Brazil. Zootaxa , 4245(1), 1–89.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4245.1.1  Google Scholar

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Di Palma, A., Krantz, G.W., Lindquist, E.E. & Norton, R.A. (2017) An homage to Prof. Dr. Gerd Alberti (1943–2016). Acarologia , 57(2), 459–461.  https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20174169  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Ermilov, S.G. (2017) Identity of the oribatid mite Oribata curva and transfer to Trichogalumna (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae), with discussion of nomenclatural and biogeographic issues in the “curva” species–group. Zootaxa , 4272(4), 551–564.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4272.4.4  Google Scholar

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Lotfollahi, P., Movahednaze, E. & Norton, R.A. (2017) Adelphacarus reticulatus sp. nov. (Oribatida) and other palaeosomatid mites of grassland and agricultural habitats in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, with notes on Adelphacaridae. International Journal of Acarology , 43(6), 435–443.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2017.1337223  Google Scholar

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Pequeno, P.A.C.L., Franklin, E., Norton, R.A., de Morais, J.W. & Guilherme, D.R. (2017) Spatial abundance pattern of a common soil arthropod changes suddenly with season in a tropical rainforest. Pedobiologia , 63, 46–51.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.07.002  Google Scholar

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Bergmann, P., Laumann, M., Norton, R.A. & Heethoff, M. (2018) Cytological evidence for automictic thelytoky in parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida): Synaptonemal complexes confirm meiosis in Archegozetes longisetosus. Acarologia , 58(1) 342–356.  https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184246  Google Scholar

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Amorim, S.S., Norton, R.A. & Oliveira, A.R. (2018) The neotropical mite genus Neopilizetes (Oribatida, Galumnidae): redescription of N. neotropicus, rediagnosis of the genus, and descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa , 4410(3), 567–599.  https://doi.org/10.11646/Zootaxa.4410.3.10  Google Scholar

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Pequeno, P.A.C.L., Franklin, E., Norton, R.A. & de Morais, J.W. (2018) A tropical arthropod unravels local and global environmental dependence of seasonal temperature-size response. Biology Letters , 14, 20180125.  https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0125  Google Scholar

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Norton, R.A. & Franklin, E. (2018) Paraquanothrus n. gen. from freshwater rock pools in the USA, with new diagnoses of Aquanothrus, Aquanothrinae, and Ameronothridae (Acari, Oribatida). Acarologia , 58(3), 557–627.  https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184258  Google Scholar

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Heethoff, M., Brückner, A., Schmelzle, S., Schubert, M., Bräuer, M., Meusinger, R., Dötterl, S., Norton, R.A. & Raspotnig, G. (2018) Life as a fortress – structure, function, and adaptive values of morphological and chemical defense in the oribatid mite Euphthiracarus reticulatus (Actinotrichida). BMC Zoology , 3,7 (online), 20 pp.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-018-0031-8  Google Scholar

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Brückner, A., Heethoff, M., Norton, R.A. & Wehner, K. (2018) Body size structure of oribatid mite communities in different microhabitats. International Journal of Acarology , 44(8), 367–373.  https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2018.1508248  Google Scholar

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Halliday, R.B. & Norton, R.A. (2019) Case 3785 – Proposal to remove the homonymy of Cepheidae Berlese, 1896 (Acariformes) with Cepheidae Agassiz, 1862 (Cnidaria), by emending the former to Cepheusidae. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature , 76, 34–42.  https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v76.a010  Google Scholar

227.

Lindquist, E.E. & Norton, R.A. (2019) Homage to Dr Ekaterina Alekseevna Sidorchuk (1981–2019). Acarologia , 59(1), 174–177.  https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20194319  Google Scholar

228.

Norton, R.A. & Ermilov, S.G. (2019) Anderemaeus (Acari, Oribatida)—overview, three new species from South America and reassessment of Anderemaeidae. Zootaxa , 4647(1), 241–289.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4647.1.17  Google Scholar

229.

Pequeno, P.A.C.L., Franklin, E. & Norton, R.A. (2019) Determinants of intra-annual population dynamics in a tropical soil arthropod. Biotropica , 52 (2020), 129–138.  https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12731  Google Scholar

230.

Norton, R.A. & Behan-Pelletier, V.M. (2020) Two unusual new species of Caleremaeus (Acari, Oribatida) from eastern North America, with redescription of C. retractus and reevaluation of the genus. Acarologia , 60(2), 398–448.  https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204375  Google Scholar

231.

Pequeno, P.A.C.L., Franklin, E. & Norton, R.A. (2020) Microgeographic morphophysiological divergence in an Amazonian soil mite. Evolutionary Biology , 48(2), 160–169. Google Scholar

232.

Wehner, K., Schuster, R., Simons, N.K., Norton, R.A., Blüthgen, N. & Heethoff, M. (2021) How land-use intensity affects sexual and parthenogenetic oribatid mites in temperate forests and grasslands in Germany. Experimental and Applied Acarology , 83, 343–373.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-020-00586-z  Google Scholar

233.

Pequeno, P.A.C.L., Franklin, E. & Norton, R.A. (2021) Modelling selection, drift, dispersal and their interactions in the community assembly of Amazonian soil mites. Oecologia , 196(3), 805–814. Google Scholar

234.

Norton, R.A. & Ermilov, S.G. (2021) Redescriptions of North American Epidamaeus (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae) species proposed by N. Banks, H.E. Ewing, A.P. Jacot, and J.W. Wilson. Zootaxa , 5021, 1–65.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5021.1.1  Google Scholar

235.

Norton, R.A., Ermilov, S.G. & Miko, L. (2022) Kunstidamaeus arthurjacoti sp. nov. (Oribatida, Damaeidae), first report of the genus in North America. Systematic & Applied Acarology , 27(3), 482–496.  https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.27.3.7  Google Scholar

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© Systematic & Applied Acarology Society
Maria Minor and Valerie Behan-Pelletier "Professor Emeritus Roy A. Norton and his outstanding contributions to our knowledge of systematics, evolution, morphology, ecology and behaviour of Oribatida and other mites," Systematic and Applied Acarology 27(6), 1189-1206, (8 June 2022). https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.27.6.16
Received: 29 March 2022; Accepted: 13 April 2022; Published: 8 June 2022
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