The Caryophyllales Network strives to assemble an online dynamic synthesis of the order Caryophyllales, uniting the current knowledge about the phylogeny of the order with up-to-date information on the individual taxa contained. Capturing taxonomic data and the decision processes involved in the definition and circumscription of the taxa requires highly complex specialized software. The Caryophyllales Network uses the EDIT Platform for Cybertaxonomy for that purpose. In the context of the online treatment of the family Nepenthaceae, we describe the steps taken to assemble the database, the interaction with other electronic sources, the links with the World Flora Online initiative, and the prospects for the maintenance and further development of the Nepenthaceae segment of the Caryophyllales database. Nepenthaceae constitute an example of a family with a relatively recent flora treatment (Flora Malesiana, published in 2001), which to a large extent covers its total range of distribution, but with further species subsequently described as new to science in mostly regional treatments, and with an analysis of relationships and species limits on the basis of evolutionary methods just emerging. A snapshot of the current state of the database is provided as an annotated checklist in PDF format in the Supplementary Material online, which includes 176 species and nine naturally occurring named hybrids and treats 435 species and infraspecific names.

Citation: Berendsohn W. G., Borsch T., Güntsch A., Kohlbecker A., Korotkova N., Luther K., Müller A., Plitzner P. & Mering S. von 2018: Using the EDIT Platform for Cybertaxonomy to prepare and publish a treatment for the Caryophyllales Network: an online synthesis of the Nepenthaceae. – Willdenowia 48: 335–344. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48301

Version of record first published online on 17 September 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

The species-mixed Pilosella populations comprising diploid sexual and polyploid facultatively apomictic biotypes were studied in Bulgaria. Parentage of co-occurring recent hybrids was inferred from a combination of morphology and ploidy level that corresponded to simple/multiple crosses of basic species via either reduced or unreduced gametes. The flow cytometric seed screening illustrated the capacity for heteroploid hybridization both in open-pollinated plants in the mixed-ploidy populations and in crossing experiments. The diploid sexual species in Bulgaria have a limited impact on interspecific hybridization, and simple inter-cytotype hybrids are only sporadically formed. The origin of the most common hybrids in Bulgaria that are apomictic and retain the pentaploid/hexaploid ploidy level of a co-occurring putative apomictic parent remains unclear. The absence of stabilized hybridogeneous species and scarcity of commonly hybridizing polyploid sexual biotypes are crucial attributes that distinguish the Pilosella populations in Bulgaria from those in the Czech Republic and Germany. No recent high-polyploid hybrids of 2n + n origin that would potentially become drivers of ongoing hybridization in the mixed sexual-apomictic Pilosella populations similar to those in Central Europe have been recorded in Bulgaria. The pattern of co-occurring cytotypes in Bulgaria likely limits interspecific hybridization due to stronger ploidy barriers.

Citation: Krahulcová A., Krahulec F. & Vladimirov V. 2018: Impact of interspecific hybridization within a polyploid agamic complex of Pilosella (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) in Bulgaria compared with Central Europe. – Willdenowia 48: 345–362. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48302

Version of record first published online on 8 October 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

Flora Japonica. – Kew: Kew Publishing, 2016. – ISBN 978-1-84246-612-4. – 24.2 × 28 cm, 252 pp., 80 full colour paintings, English, softback. – Price: GBP 20. – Available at http://shop.kew.org/flora-japonica

Citation: Lack H. W. 2018: Book review: Flora Japonica. – Willdenowia 48: 363–364. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48303

Version of record first published online on 23 October 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

Selected species in Taraxacum F. H. Wigg., belonging to T. sect. Erythrosperma (H. Lindb.) Dahlst., described by C. E. Sonck, G. E. Haglund and A. J. Richards, were revised taxonomically. The types of their names were compared with plant material mainly from the Balkan Peninsula and Crimea. The main sources of material were ample collections of R. Willing and E. Willing from Greece (deposited at B), and plants collected and/or cultivated by us from the Balkan Peninsula and Crimea (deposited at PRA). Four names are relegated to synonymy. Taraxacum amborum G. E. Hagl. is newly interpreted and lectotypified, and T. viale Sonck is synonymized with it. Taraxacum edessicum Sonck and T. aestuans Sonck were found to be conspecific with T. salonikiense Sonck. Taraxacum gionense A. J. Richards belongs to T. botanicorum Sonck. Range extensions include T. salonikiense in Albania, T. amborum in Bulgaria, Montenegro and Romania, and T. egnatiae from Ukraine.

Citation: Štěpánek J. & Kirschner J. 2018: Taxonomic revision of selected species in Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) from the E Mediterranean region. – Willdenowia 48: 365–369. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48304

Version of record first published online on 5 November 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

Hemionitis umbrosa (Pteridaceae) is described from the state of Goiás in central Brazil. It resembles H. tomentosa and was previously identified as such; however, it can be distinguished by having rhizome scales serrulate and spores cristate-reticulate. In contrast, H. tomentosa has rhizome scales entire or rarely sparsely denticulate and spores cristate. The new species is morphologically and anatomically described, illustrated, and a key is provided to the species of Hemionitis with free veins.

Citation: Hirai R. Y., Cruz R. & Prado J. 2018: A new species of Hemionitis (Pteridaceae) from central Brazil. – Willdenowia 48: 371 – 380. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48305

Version of record first published online on 5 November 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

Florike Egmond: Eye for detail. Images of plants and animals in art and science 1500 – 1630. – London: Reaktion Books, 2017. – ISBN 978-1-78023-640-7. – 20 × 25.6 cm, 280 pp., 128 colour illustrations, hardback. – Price: GBP 35. – Available at http://www.reaktionbooks.co.uk/

Citation: Lack H. W. 2018: Book review: Florike Egmond: Eye for detail. Images of plants and animals in art and science 1500 – 1630. – Willdenowia 48: 381–382. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48306

Version of record first published online on 5 November 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

In this article I reconsider the lectotypification of the name Carex ledebouriana C. A. Mey. ex Trevir. (Cyperaceae). In 1833, Meyer described an unnamed variety of C. capillaris L. based on the gatherings of Ledebour from two localities (river Koksun and near Riddersk) in what is today the Kazakhstan Altai. In 1863, Treviranus validly published the name C. ledebouriana, referring to Meyer's unnamed variety and erroneously citing a gathering by Bunge “in summis alpibus Kuraicis”. A herbarium sheet at LE with barcode LE 01006839 was proposed as the (lecto)type of C. ledebouriana by Egorova in 1999 and this was confirmed by Grabovskaya-Borodina in 2012. In studying the original material, I found that sheet LE 01006839 in fact consists of three fragments belonging to two different gatherings and has an incorrect label. These two gatherings are further represented at LE by sheets LE 01006840 and LE 01006841, respectively. I argue that sheet LE 01006839 is not eligible as a type specimen because it consists of two gatherings. Instead, I designate here as the lectotype sheet LE 01006841, which contains well-preserved plants collected by Ledebour with mature utricles.

Citation: Shekhovtsova I. N. 2018: Lectotypification of the name Carex ledebouriana (Cyperaceae). – Willdenowia 48: 383 – 389. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48307

Version of record first published online on 7 November 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

Two new Gaertnera species from West Africa, G. pedunculata Jongkind and G. monticola Jongkind, are described. Gaertnera pedunculata is described from three specimens from Liberia that were not cited in the recent revision of the genus by Malcomber & Taylor; G. monticola was earlier considered to be an isolated population of G. longevaginalis (Schweinf. ex Hiern) E. M. A. Petit occurring in West Africa. Gaertnera monticola has conspicuous ruminate endosperm, a character shown by most West African Gaertnera species but absent in the Central African ones such as G. longevaginalis s. str. A table is presented to show important differences between the seven Gaertnera species in Upper Guinea.

Citation: Jongkind C. C. H. 2018: Two new Gaertnera species (Rubiaceae) from West Africa. – Willdenowia 48: 391–397. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48308

Version of record first published online on 9 November 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

Astragalus ihsancalisii Dönmez & Uğurlu (Fabaceae) is described as a new species from Erzurum province in E Turkey. The new species belongs to A. sect. Incani DC. and is similar and possibly related to A. glaucophyllus Bunge and A. guzelsuensis F. Ghahrem. & al. from Turkey and A. siahcheshmehensis Maassoumi & Podlech from Iran. Astragalus ihsancalisii is clearly distinguished from those three species by flower number per raceme, bract size, pedicel length, standard length and legume beak length, among other characters. Diagnostic characters are given and their taxonomic importance is discussed. Photographs of A. ihsancalisii in the field are presented. In addition, SEM micrographs of leaf and legume surfaces of the new species and A. glaucophyllus and A. guzelsuensis are provided for comparison. The conservation status of A. ihsancalisii is also assessed according to field observations.

Citation: Dönmez A. A. & Uğurlu Aydın Z. 2018: Astragalus ihsancalisii (Fabaceae), a new species from Erzurum province, E Turkey. – Willdenowia 48: 399 – 404. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48309

Version of record first published online on 9 November 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

Sempervivum tectorum (Crassulaceae), an orophyte widespread in the European high mountains, also grows in rocky habitats of the Rhine Gorge area (Upper Middle Rhine, Mosel and Ahr river valleys). On the background of its long history of cultivation, it is unclear whether S. tectorum is native or naturalized in the Rhine Gorge area. Using 52 accessions of S. tectorum from across its geographical range (except SE Europe) as well as 15 samples of S. calcareum and S. marmoreum in our final sample, we conducted a genotyping-by-sequencing analysis. The genetic data were used for the identification of genetic groups and for the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships. We found that the material from the Rhine Gorge area forms a homogeneous genetic group that is clearly distinct from populations from the Massif Central, Alps and Pyrenees. The Rhine Gorge material appears to be most closely related to material from the Massif Central. We hypothesize that the disjunct distribution of the Rhine Gorge/Massif Central clade is best interpreted as the remnant of a formerly wider distribution area obtained in a Quaternary glacial. The possibility of recognizing Rhine Gorge material taxonomically is discussed and rejected for morphological and nomenclatural reasons.

Citation: Fabritzek A. G. & Kadereit J. W. 2018: Identity and relationships of Sempervivum tectorum (Crassulaceae) in the Rhine Gorge area. – Willdenowia 48: 405–414. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48310

Version of record first published online on 16 November 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

The new species Halegrapha paulseniana Luch & Lücking is described from Hawaii, which constitutes the first report of the genus for this archipelago. The new species differs from the most similar taxon, H. mexicana, in the much larger lirellae featuring an apically complete, thin thalline margin, and from all other species in the genus by its laterally mostly uncarbonized excipulum. We provide nomenclatural updates for the 70 species of lirellate Graphidaceae reported from Hawaii so far, introducing the following nomenclatural novelties: Allographa gracilescens (Redinger) Luch & Lücking, comb. & stat. nov., Fissurina homichlodes (Redinger) Luch & Lücking, comb. nov., Fissurina stromatoides (H. Magn.) Luch & Lücking, comb. nov., Fissurina zahlbruckneriana Luch & Lücking, nom. nov., Phaeographis caesiohians (Nyl.) Luch & Lücking, comb. nov., Phaeographis faurieana (Zahlbr.) Luch & Lücking, comb. nov., Phaeographis fulgurata (Fée) Luch & Lücking, comb. nov., Phaeographis oscitans (Tuck.) Luch & Lücking, comb. nov., Phaeographis rhodoplaca (Müll. Arg.) Luch & Lücking, comb. nov., Platygramme kaalensis (Tuck.) Luch & Lücking, comb. & stat. nov., Platygramme tumulata (Nyl.) Luch & Lücking, comb. nov. and Sarcographa dendroides (Leight.) Tabaquero, Bawingan & Lücking, comb. nov. (validated from an earlier, intended new combination that was not validly published).

Citation: Luch R. M. & Lücking R. 2018: The genus Halegrapha new to Hawaii, with the new and potentially endemic species H. paulseniana and an updated checklist of Hawaiian lirellate Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales). – Willdenowia 48: 415–423. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48311

Version of record first published online on 16 November 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

A new, tetraploid variety of Cryptocoryne ciliata (Roxb.) Fisch. ex Schott from Sarawak, Malaysia, is described and illustrated: C. ciliata var. bogneri N. Jabobsen. The ecology, morphology and chromosome numbers of C. ciliata are discussed. The new variety is compared with the other two varieties of the species, C. ciliata var. ciliata and C. ciliata var. latifolia Rataj, and an identification key is provided.

Citation: Jacobsen N., Bastmeijer J. D., Jensen K. R. & Ørgaard M. 2018: A new tetraploid variety of Cryptocoryne ciliata (Araceae) from Sarawak. – Willdenowia 48: 425–431. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48312

Version of record first published online on 1 December 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

Gymnopodium floribundum Rolfe (Polygonaceae) is a shrub or a small tree inhabiting the tropical dry forests of Mesoamerica. A detailed examination of herbarium specimens for the taxonomic treatment of the genus for Flora Mesoamericana allowed us to find a gathering from Toledo, Belize that showed a different set of morphological characters from those of G. floribundum. We then carried out a morphological and molecular study to test if the Toledo plant was a different taxon. Morphological characters such as glandular trichomes on leaves, inflorescences and flowers, as well as longer inflorescences and perianth segments, are unique for the Toledo plant. The delimitation between it and G. floribundum was also supported by molecular characters obtained from ITS and LFY nuclear markers. The Toledo plant is described here as a new species, G. toledense Ancona & Ortiz-Díaz, based on diagnostic characters of morphology and the ITS and LFY markers. It is endemic to southern Belize, in the biogeographic region of Eastern Central America, and is assessed according to IUCN categories and criteria as Critically Endangered. A morphological diagnosis and description, key, illustration and distribution map for G. toledense are included.

Citation: Ancona J. J., Ortiz-Díaz J. J., Tun-Garrido J., Monserrat Ferrer M. & Pinzón Esquivel J. P. 2018: Gymnopodium toledense (Polygonaceae), a new species from Belize resolved by morphology and distance analyses of molecular data. – Willdenowia 48: 433–441. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48313

Version of record first published online on 1 December 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.

During a revision of Mimosa sect. Mimosa from southern Brazil, we noticed that M. adpressa Hook. & Arn., a species of M. subser. Obstrigosae (Benth.) Barneby, has never been typified and that M. subinermis Benth. has long been considered a synonym of M. rupestris Benth. We designate here a specimen from Argentina, collected by Tweedie and deposited in the Kew herbarium, as the lectotype of M. adpressa. Furthermore, we show that M. subinermis is readily distinguished from M. rupestris by many morphological features (e.g. habit, calyx type, fruits), supporting our hypothesis that M. subinermis is a distinct species.

Citation: Schmidt Silveira F., Sfoggia Miotto S. T. & Vieira Iganci J. R. 2018: Typification and taxonomy in Mimosa subser. Obstrigosae (Fabaceae, mimosoid clade). – Willdenowia 48: 443–449. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48314

Version of record first published online on 28 November 2018 ahead of inclusion in December 2018 issue.