Cymbiapophysa Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020 is a theraphosine genus endemic to South America, diagnosable on genital organ morphology in both sexes, and the presence of a distal-retrolateral apophysis on the male cymbium. Examination of historical material in the Natural History Museum, London, recently revealed a new species from Carondelet, Ecuador, with distinct palpal bulb and tibial apophysis morphology, described herein as Cymbiapophysa seldeni sp. nov.

The type material of three species of the endemic genus Tecution Benoit, 1977 on Saint Helena are re-examined. Tecution helenicola Benoit, 1977 syn. nov. and Tecution mellissi (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) syn. nov. are synonymized with Tecution planum (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873), based on identical palpal morphology and the discovery of a gradient of cheliceral size variation in a large amount of non-type material from Saint Helena Island. A brief discussion on the habitat and ecology of T. planum is provided.

The female of Hersilia moheliensis Foord & Dippenaar- Schoemann, 2006 is described for the first time. The species is newly recorded from Madagascar, having previously been known from only a single specimen from the Comoros. Additionally, we provide new records of Hersilia insulana Strand, 1907 in Madagascar.

The Serra de Piquiatuba is situated in the area of the 8th Battalion of Engineering and Construction—8° BEC, located at km 8 of the Santarém–Cuiabá highway, in the municipality of Santarém, Pará, Brazil. This region is characterized by a hot and humid climate with rainfall exceeding 1900 mm p.a. In this study, we present a species list of scorpions from the Serra de Piquiatuba, based on data collected from September to November 2010. Five species were recorded, all common in the Amazon, belonging to the families Buthidae and Chactidae. The observed diversity patterns are discussed considering other scorpion inventories carried out in Brazil and possible sampling biases. The present study raises methodological questions to be further addressed in scorpion community ecology studies.

A new species of the ant-resembling jumping spider tribe Simonellini, Flurica amazonica sp. nov., is described from the Southwest Amazon forest in Beni Department, Bolivia. The species can be separated from its only congener Flurica sikimira Perger & Rubio, 2022 by the male palp lacking a dorsal tibial apophysis, the ventral tibial apophysis shorter, the embolus arising at the proximo-retrolateral side of the tegulum, and the chelicerae with three promarginal teeth. Adults of both Flurica species are likely mimics of the turtle ant Cephalotes pusillus (Klug, 1824).

The unknown female of Psalistopoides fulvimanus Mello-Leitão, 1934 is described for the first time. Specimens from the state of Paraná were examined and new records were from additional localities were made, expanding its known distribution in Brazil.

A new species of the Plectreurys castanea species group from Los Angeles County, California, United States, is described, diagnosed, and illustrated. Males of P. palacioscardieli sp. nov. are characterized by the shape of the apical division of the bulb. A brief discussion of the restricted distribution and resemblance to other species of the same group is given.

Several traits of adult female Allocyclosa bifurca, including the forms and the colours of the dorsal and the ventral sides of the abdomen that match bumpy and smooth surfaces and associated colours of the two sides of the egg sac, the colours and positions of the spider's legs and the spiders' prey wrapping behaviour and their orientation of prey packages while they feed all increase the match with the overall shapes and colours of the egg sacs, visually camouflaging the spider at the hub of its orb. This camouflage is partially broken in two contexts: apparent attempts to avoid overheating in direct sunlight, and feeding. Neither a predatory bird nor a parasitoid wasp showed signs of being fooled by the camouflage.

The lycosid fauna of Saint Helena, consisting of entirely endemic species, is revised. Lycosa ringens Tongiorgi, 1977 and Lycosa elysae Tongiorgi, 1977 are redescribed and transferred to Antembolus gen. nov., creating the new combinations Antembolus elysae comb. nov. and Antembolus ringens comb. nov. Dolocosa dolosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873, Hogna cinica Tongiorgi, 1977, H. inexorabilis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870), H. ligata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870), and H. nefasta Tongiorgi, 1977 are re-diagnosed and illustrated. Hogna sanctaehelenae (Strand, 1909) is confirmed to be a junior synonym of H. ligata, based on examination of photographs of the immature holotype. A remarkable new monotypic lycosine genus, Molearachne gen. nov., with a new species M. sanctaehelenae sp. nov., is described based on both sexes from Prosperous Bay Plain, where it makes unique mounds which have earnt it the local common name Mole Spider. Two further new endemic species are described: Dolocosa joshuai sp. nov., based on the female, and Hogna veseyensis sp. nov., based on both sexes. Thus, the fauna consists of four genera, including three endemic, and nine species, which are all endemic.

Two new species of the genus Chapoda Peckham & Peckham, 1896 are described and illustrated from southern Ecuador. Both new species C. guancavilca n. sp. (♂♀) and C. santay n. sp. (♀) are described and illustrated from Puná and Santay Islands, Guayas province. In addition, two new genera records are reported from Ecuador: Bellota Peckham & Peckham, 1892 (with B. formicina (Taczanowski, 1878)) and Martella Peckham & Peckham, 1892 (with M. gandu Galiano, 1996), along with a new species record of Lyssomanes elegans (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900). Finally, new faunistic records are given for Corythalia scutellaris (Bayer, 2020), Frigga crocuta (Taczanowski, 1878), F. opulenta (Galiano, 1979), and L. unicolor (Taczanowski, 1871). A distribution map with these and previously published records on the genera here analysed is provided.

Geolycosa vultuosa (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Lycosidae) is a large, deeply burrowing spider, occurring from south-eastern Europe to Central Asia. This species is found in a mountain pasture on Dajti Mountain in the Tirana district. The structure of the burrow and burrowing ecology of G. vultuosa are discussed in comparison to those seen in other species of wolf spiders. Four burrows of Geolycosa vultuosa inhabited by subadult and adult females were observed in soil vegetated with low grass and a few other low plants at the end of September 2014. These burrows were cast with cement and excavated. The burrows consisted of vertical to subvertical, slightly curved, or nearly straight shafts. Compared to other burrows of wolf spiders, three burrows of G. vultuosa did not show any basal chamber, but a gradual widening from the middle to the base. One burrow showed a basal chamber with a basal protrusion thinner than the shaft. Burrow surfaces and entrances were unornamented.

Neriene clivosa sp. n. is described, based on a single male from northern Vietnam. The new species is characterized by a unique shape of the male carapace furnished with six conical projections at its edges. Based on the palp structure, N. clivosa sp. n. seems to be especially similar to N. longipedella (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) and N. marginella (Oi, 1960), both southeastern Palaearctic, as well as to the Oriental N. strandia (Blauvelt, 1936). The new species can easily be distinguished from all known congeners by the shape of the carapace, in addition from the most similar species by some details of palpal structure.