Callmander, M. W., P. B. Phillipson & L. Gautier (ed.) (2011). Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 6–13. Candollea 66: 105–132. In English, English and French abstracts.

Ongoing research on Madagascar's flora is revealing numerous taxonomic novelties and nomenclatural inconsistencies, and providing new data on species distribution. This is the second set of notes in a series that aims to provide the botanical community working on the flora of Madagascar an opportunity to publish short communications on these topics, and comprises eight notes. — Note 6. On the correct authorship of three combinations in Xerochlamys Baker (Sarcolaenaceae), by Cynthia Hong-Wa & George E. Schatz. The correct authorship of three combinations in Xerochlamys Baker (Sarcolaenaceae) is clarified. Formerly ascribed to J. G. Baker, the combinations should be attributed to F. Gérard as Xerochlamys bojeriana (Baill.) F. Gérard, Xerochlamys diospyroidea (Baill.) F. Gérard, and Xerochlamys grandidieri (Baill.) F. Gérard, the latter considered to be a synonym of Xerochlamys bojeriana (Baill.) F. Gérard. — Note 7. Recognition of Croton multicostatus Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) as native to Madagascar, by Paul E. Berry & Benjamin van Ee. In this note the authors demonstrate that Croton multicostatus Müll. Arg., believed to be a Caribbean species, is based on a specimen from Madagascar, and establish that this name has priority over two other names that are placed in synonymy. — Note 8. Resolving the tangled identity of Croton chrysodaphne Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) in Madagascar, by Paul E. Berry, Benjamin van Ee & Elizabeth A. Haber. The authors examine the protologue and syntypes of Croton chrysodaphne Baill. in order to obtain a clear understanding of its original circumscription. They provide an emended description of the species and designate an epitype. — Note 9. An earlier name for Capuronia madagascariensis Lourteig (Lythraceae), by Paul E. Berry & Peter B. Phillipson. After careful examination of the type of Euphorbia benoistii Leandri, it proved to have lythraceous flowers, and it was eventually matched to Capuronia madagascariensis Lourteig, the only known species of the monospecific genus Capuronia Lourteig (Lythraceae). Since Euphorbia benoistii is the earlier name, the corresponding combination is made under Capuronia. An update of its distribution is also provided. — Note 10. Lectotypification of Psychotria ambohimitombensis Bremek. (Rubiaceae), by Laurent Gautier & Charlotte M. Taylor. Psychotria ambohimitombensis Bremek. was described on Forsyth Major 346, a collection that includes four different gatherings. The authors clarify the origins and identity of these gatherings, and designate a lectotype for P. ambohimitombensis. — Note 11. Nomenclatural changes in the Malagasy endemic genus Tina Schult. (Sapindaceae), by Martin W. Callmander, Sven Buerki & Peter B. Phillipson. According to a recently published molecular phylogenetic study, the three Malagasy endemic genera Neotina Capuron, Tina and Tinopsis Radlk. cannot be adequately separated on molecular or morphological grounds, and an expanded circumscription of Tina has been proposed. The aim of this note is to formally publish the nomenclature changes required with this new circumscription. In addition the authors propose some minor changes to the current classification. — Note 12. Nervilia gassneri Börge Pett. from Africa is conspecific with the Malagasy N. lilacea Jum. & H. Perrier, by Louis Nusbaumer, Phillip Cribb & Laurent Gautier. A recent collection of Nervilia from Ampasindava in North-East Madagascar led the authors to conclude that Nervilia gassneri Börge Pett. from Africa is conspecific with the Malagasy N. lilacea Jum. & H. Perrier, illustrating a further example of an orchid species shared between Africa and Madagascar. — Note 13. Cissus decaryi Wahlert & Phillipson (Vitaceae): a new name for Madagascar, by Gregory A. Wahlert & Peter B. Phillipson. Given morphological and ecological differentiation, the authors show that Cissus glossopetala f. oblongifolia Desc. deserves recognition at the rank of species. They propose the new name Cissus decaryi Wahlert & Phillipson for this plant since the combination Cissus oblongifolia Merr. already exists for a different plant.

Callmander, M. W., P. B. Phillipson, M. Razanajavoto & L. Nusbaumer (2011). The genus Ophiocolea H. Perrier in northern Madagascar with description of four new species and two new lectotypifications. Candollea 66: 133–145. In English, English and French abstracts.

A recent review of Bignoniaceae for the “Catalogue of the vascular plants of Madagascar” has revealed new species in most of the genera present on the island. We provide descriptions of four new species in the genus Ophiocolea H. Perrier, a genus that is endemic to the Malagasy region: Ophiocolea ambrensis Callm. & Phillipson, Ophiocolea darainensis Callm., Phillipson & Nusb., Ophiocolea pauciflora Callm., Phillipson & Razan. and Ophiocolea ratovosonii Callm. & Phillipson. Field photographs and line drawings are provided for each of these four new species. Two species described previously, Ophiocolea decaryi H. Perrier and Ophiocolea velutina H. Perrier, are lectotypified. For all six treated species, we provide a short discussion on morphological affinities and eco-geography, and perform a conservation threat analysis based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Pintaud, J.-C. & F. W. Stauffer (2011). A revision of the large-flowered group of Basselinia Vieill. sect. Taloua H. E. Moore & Uhl (Arecaceae). Candollea 66: 147–154. In English, English and French abstracts.

The genus Basselinia Vieill. is endemic to New Caledonia and currently comprises 13 species. It was divided in two sections, sect. Basselinia H. E. Moore & Uhl which includes 5, mostly small and often caespitose species, and sect. Taloua H. E. Moore & Uhl, which includes 7 large and solitary species. One species, Basselinia glabrata Becc., remains unplaced to section because it had been once excluded from Basselinia and placed in a separate genus, Alloschmidia H. E. Moore, prior to the sectional treatment of Basselinia. Section Taloua H. E. appears morphologically the least specialized group of Basselinia, and within it, the large-flowered group of species retains the most plesiomorphic characteristics, in habit, inflorescence and floral structure. This group includes three species, one newly described here, Basselinia moorei J.-C. Pintaud & F. W. Stauffer, and two others, Basselinia velutina Becc. and Basselinia sordida H. E. Moore. Morphology, ecology and distribution of these species are addressed here.

Scrivanti, L. R. & A. M. Anton (2011). New combination in Bothriochloa Kuntze (Poaceae). Candollea 66: 155–158. In Spanish, English and French abstracts.

Bothriochloa laguroides var. torreyana (Steud.) M. Marchi & Longhi-Wagner (Poaceae: Andropogoneae), a taxon from South America, differs from the typical variety by several morphological characters and by differences in chemical composition. A new combination at specific rank is thus proposed for that species, Bothriochloa torreyana (Steud.) Scrivanti & Anton.

Martínez, O. G. (2011). Morphology and distribution of the complex Pteris cretica L. (Pteridaceace) for the American continent. Candollea 66: 159–180. In Spanish, English and French abstracts.

The Pteris cretica L. (Pteridaceae) taxonomical complex is revised for the American continent. It is composed by seven species: Pteris ciliaris D. C. Eaton, Pteris cretica L., Pteris denticulata Sw., Pteris ensiformis Burm. f., Pteris multifida Poir., Pteris mutilata L. and Pteris tristicula Raddi. Morphological characters have been identified in order to distinguish the members of the group. An identification key is proposed and a diagnostic description, distribution and illustrations are provided for each species.

FRAGA-ARGUIMBAU, P. & J. A. ROSSELLÓ (2011). Euphorbia nurae P. Fraga & Rosselló (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Minorca (Balearic Islands). Candollea 66: 181–190. In English, English and French abstracts.

Euphorbia nurae P. Fraga & Rosselló (Euphorbiaceae sect. Cymatospermum (Prokh.) Prokh.) is described as a new species from coastal sites of Minorca (Balearic Islands). Morphological features suggest that Euphorbia exigua L., Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. and Euphorbia sulcata Loisel. are the most closely related taxa, but the new species can be easily discriminated by several morphological characters.

MOSTI, S., M. RAFFAELLI & M. TARDELLI (2011). Barleria almughsaylensis Mosti, Raffaelli & Tardelli (Acanthaceae), a new species from Oman. Candollea 66: 191–197. In English, English and French abstracts.

Barleria almughsaylensis Mosti, Raffaelli & Tardelli (Acanthaceae), a new species from Al Mughsayl area in Oman (Central Dhofar) is described and illustrated. It differs from Barleria acanthoides Vahl, Barleria mucronifolia Lindau and Barleria hillcoatiae J. R. I. Wood by some morphological characters mainly concerning the floral and foliar ones.

Ramella, L. & P. Perret (ed.) (2011). Notulae ad Floram paraquaiensem, 107–109. Candollea 66: 199–222. In Spanish, French and English abstracts.

Thirty-sixth installment of a series dedicated to the presentation of taxonomic, nomenclatural or floristic novelties in relation with the project “Flora del Paraguay” as well as complements to already published treatments. Organizational information and accounts on the advancement of the Flora are sometimes added by the editors. — Notula 107. Typifications in the genera Cenchrus L., Chamaeraphis R. Br., Eriochloa Kunth, Panicum L., Paspalum L. and Setaria P. Beauv. (Gramineae-Paniceae) of the flora of Paraguay, by Lorenzo Ramella, Patrick Perret, Fernando O. Zuloaga, Osvaldo Morrone & José F. Pensiero. The authors present the typification of 37 names completing and correcting previously published typifications. For that purpose, they present an analysis of the effective designation and publication of lectotypifications in Index to Grass Species of A. Chase & C. D. Niles, designate the types of the names of E. Hackel based on the collections of E. Hassler kept in the Hackel's herbarium (W) or in the Hassler's collection (G), clarify where the types of the names of C. A. M. Lindman are kept (S) and remind the types existing in the herbarium of Berlin (B). They also lectotypify Cenchrus nervosus var. ramosus Kuntze. Notula 108. The collections of Johann Rudolph Rengger (1795–1832) in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. I. Enumeration and characteristics, by Lorenzo Ramella & Patrick Perret. The authors present the list of the specimens of the Rennger's collection reviewed in the herbaria of ZT, P and US. As the specimens lack of numeration, the characteristics permiting to identify each specimen are given (family, name, colector, type, herbarium, barcode or access number, photography, determination). Notula 109. Typifications in the genus Trichogonia (DC.) Gardner (Compositae — Eupatorieae) of the Flora of Paraguay, by Nadia Roque, Lorenzo Ramella & Patrick Perret. The authors publish the typification of seven names in the genus Trichogonia (DC.) Gardner in Paraguay and lectotypify the following four names: Trichogonia hassleri Mattf., Trichogonia menthifolia var. tomentosula Hassler, Trichogonia menthifolia f. attenuata Hassler, Trichogonia fiebrigii Mattf.

Aeschimann, D., N. Rasolofo & J.-P. Theurillat (2011). Analysis of the flora of the Alps. 1: historical account and biodiversity. Candollea 66: 27–55. In French, English and French abstracts.

First in a series, this paper statistically analyzes some of the data published in «Flora alpina», i.e. that relating to the nomen-clature and to the chorology in the Alps. An historical account of the knowledge of vascular plants recorded in the Alps is given: numbers of described taxa and new combinations made over time (two periods highlighted), principal authors and books. Biodiversity is characterized: number of taxa per taxonomic category, country, geographic sector and administrative division. The average taxonomic richness of the Alps is estimated at about 2200 taxa per 10,000 km² and a map shows the values calculated for each region. Endemism is also evaluated: by family, genus, country, sector, regrouping of sectors, division and the regrouping of divisions. The southern end of the western Alps and the south-western part of the eastern Alps are confirmed as the Alpine regions where the density of endemics and taxonomic richness are the highest.

Jeanmonod, D., A. Schlüssel & J. Gamisans (2011). Analysis of the Corsican flora: biological aspects. Candollea 66: 5–25. In French, English and French abstracts.

This article summarizes and analyzes some of the data published in “Flora Corsica”, in order to characterize the Corsican flora (vascular plants). This analysis focuses on different aspects such as diversity (species richness, richest families), abundance (global, in each vegetation belt, in each habitat and substrate types), longevity and life forms (in all the studied area, in each vegetation belt) and phenology (flowering curves). The results are, whenever possible, compared with those of other geographic regions, particularly from the Mediterranean. They help outlining typical Mediterranean patterns, characterizing the Corsican vegetation belts, and identifying characteristics specifically related to the flora of Corsica.

Bogdanović, S., C. Brullo, S. Brullo, G. Giusso del Galdo, C. M. Musarella & C. Salmeri (2011). Allium achaium Boiss. (Alliaceae), a critical species of Greek flora. Candollea 66: 57–64. In English, English and French abstracts.

Allium achaium Boiss. (Alliaceae), a critical and misappreciated species of Greek flora is investigated from a taxonomic point of view and illustrated. It belongs to sect. Codonoprasum Rchb. and shows close relationships with the taxa of the Allium stamineum Boiss. group. Karyology, ecology and distribution of that species are examined.

Castaño, F., M. Crèvecoeur, J.-C. Pintaud & F. W. Stauffer (2011). Floral structure in the neotropical palms Chelyocarpus Dammer, Cryosophila Blume and Itaya H. E. Moore (Arecaceae). Candollea 66: 65–79. In English, English and French abstracts.

Floral morphology and anatomy in the neotropical palm genera Chelyocarpus Dammer, Cryosophila Blume and Itaya H. E. Moore (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae, Cryosophileae) are studied in detail and the implications for the establishment of an alliance formed by the three genera, as suggested by previous researchers, are discussed. All taxa are characterized by the presence of hermaphrodite flowers, congenitally united imbricate sepals, imbricate petals, carpels basally ascidiate, but apically plicate, and crassinucellar and bitegmic ovules with a funicular aril. Most of these floral character states are also shared with other members of Cryosophileae and do not support the establishment of an alliance. The combination of an uniseriate perianth, basally united filaments and a partially syncarpous gynoecium in the endemic Peruvian palm Chelyocarpus repens F. Kahn & K. Mejia does not correspond with the diagnostic characters proposed for Chelyocarpus and is not found elsewhere in Cryosophileae.

Conti, F. & D. Uzunov (2011). Crepis magellensis F. Conti & Uzunov (Asteraceae), a new species from Central Apennine (Abruzzo, Italy). Candollea 66: 81–86. In English, English & French abstracts.

Crepis magellensis F. Conti & Uzunov (Asteraceae), a new species from calcareous scree slopes near the summit area of Majella Massif (Abruzzo, Italy), is described and illustrated. Its relationship with Crepis bithynica Boiss., a closely related species, is also discussed.

ROMERO-ZARCO, C. (2011). Helictochloa Romero Zarco (Poaceae), a new genus of oat grass. Candollea 66: 87–103. In English, English and French abstracts.

Morphological and anatomical characters used to separate the genera related to Avena L. (Poaceae: Aveneae) are analyzed. The taxonomic importance of these characters is discussed with regard to recent molecular studies. Six genera of perennial oats are recognized: Arrhenatherum P. Beauv., Pseudarrhenatherum Rouy, Helictotrichon Besser, Avenula (Dumort.) Dumort., Tricholemma (Röser) Röser and Helictochloa Romero Zarco (described here) is accepted. New combinations for the species included in Helictochloa are proposed. A key to Avena related genera from the Mediterranean region is given.